23. OCR A Level (H046-H446) SLR5 - 1.2 Open vs closed

Summary

This video explores the difference between open source and closed source software, using the comparison between Linux (open source) and Windows (closed source) as a primary example. It discusses the historical shift from shared code to commercialized software in the 1970s, the impact of copyrighting binary files, and the pros and cons of both software types. Open source software is free and community-supported but can lack testing, while closed source software is professionally built and tested but comes at a cost. The video also highlights considerations for schools when choosing between open or closed learning platforms.

Takeaways

• 😀 Open source software allows users to view, modify, and distribute the software's source code.
• 😀 Closed source software is proprietary and users cannot modify the software's code.
• 😀 Linux is an example of open source software, while Windows is an example of closed source software.
• 😀 In the early days of computing, software was shared openly among programmers to foster learning and collaboration.
• 😀 In 1983, IBM adopted a closed model for distributing software and stopped shipping source code.
• 😀 Open source software can be freely distributed and modified, but it may not always be well-tested.
• 😀 Users of open source software benefit from the community’s support but might face limitations in terms of features and stability.
• 😀 Closed source software is extensively tested and professionally built, but it typically requires a paid license or subscription.
• 😀 The main advantage of open source software for creators is broad distribution, though financial gain is limited.
• 😀 The primary benefit for closed source software creators is financial income from licenses, though software piracy is a concern.
• 😀 Schools choosing between open and closed learning platforms must weigh flexibility, support, cost, and customization needs.
• 😀 Open source platforms for schools are free but may require more technical resources to maintain and modify.
• 😀 Closed source platforms for schools offer more stability and support, but come at an ongoing cost for licenses or subscriptions.

Q & A

What is the main difference between open source and closed source software?

The main difference is that open source software allows users to modify and distribute the software, while closed source software is protected by copyright, and users are not allowed to modify the software.

Can you give an example of an open source versus closed source software?

An example is Linux, which is an open source operating system, and Windows, which is a proprietary operating system.

How did the approach to software change in the 1970s?

In the 1970s, software development began to shift from shared, community-based models towards commercialization, with companies starting to protect their software by restricting access to source code.

What significant legal change occurred in 1983 regarding software?

In 1983, binary files became copyrightable in the United States as a result of the Apple versus Franklin legal decision, marking a major shift in how software was protected.

What are the main advantages of open source software for users?

The main advantages are that open source software is typically free to use, can be installed on multiple computers, and is supported by a community of users who can contribute modifications and improvements.

What are the drawbacks of open source software for users?

The drawbacks include potentially poor support, lack of testing for some features, and possible integration issues with other software or systems.

From a creator's point of view, what are the benefits of open source software?

The benefits include the ability to quickly distribute the software to a wide audience, providing a platform for new creators to gain visibility and recognition.

What are the financial drawbacks for creators of open source software?

The financial drawback is that creators often do not receive direct income from their software, relying on donations or support, which can be limited.

How is closed source software typically licensed and distributed?

Closed source software is usually sold with a paid license, either per user or per computer, and users are not permitted to modify the software. It is tested extensively before release.

What are the main benefits of closed source software for users?

The main benefits include professional support, extensive testing, and a polished, stable product that is often feature-rich and secure.

What are the challenges creators face with closed source software?

Creators must balance the ongoing demand for new features and support from paying customers, and deal with the issue of software piracy, which can negatively affect revenue.

What is the key consideration for schools when choosing between open or closed learning platforms?

Schools must weigh factors like cost, support, customization, and the ability to modify the platform according to their needs. Open platforms may offer flexibility and lower costs, but closed platforms often provide more reliable support and features.