Prinsip Kerja Rangkaian Charger Baterai – Kalau Sudah Penuh Bisa Mati Sendiri

Summary

This video explains the working principle of an auto cut-off charger circuit designed to safely charge a 12V battery. The system prevents overcharging by automatically disconnecting the power once the battery is fully charged. It uses components such as an SCR, relay, and Zener diode to regulate the voltage and current. The charger initially connects at 15V but adjusts to 12V for charging, and the system includes protective features like a 1N4007 diode to prevent damage from backflow currents. The detailed demonstration emphasizes the importance of proper connections and safety precautions to ensure efficient charging without overcharging risks.

Takeaways

• 😀 The auto cut-off charger circuit prevents overcharging by automatically disconnecting the charging current once the battery is fully charged.
• 😀 The charging process starts with a 15V power supply, but the battery (12V) will only receive a regulated 12V to avoid damage.
• 😀 A switch is used to control the flow of current into the battery, ensuring it is properly connected before charging begins.
• 😀 Zener diodes are crucial for voltage regulation. The 13V Zener diode ensures that once the battery reaches around 13V, the charging stops.
• 😀 A relay is used to switch the circuit between 'normally closed' and 'normally open' states, disconnecting the charging current when the battery is full.
• 😀 The SCR (Silicon Controlled Rectifier) helps control current flow by connecting and disconnecting the charging circuit based on voltage levels.
• 😀 LED indicators (red and green) are used to show the status of the battery: red indicates charging, while green indicates the battery is fully charged.
• 😀 The battery charging is halted once it reaches a voltage of around 13V-14V, preventing overcharging and ensuring the battery’s safety.
• 😀 The relay's action of switching between normally closed (NC) and normally open (NO) is what cuts off the charging once the battery is full.
• 😀 It is important to ensure the switch is turned on properly before connecting the battery to the circuit to avoid any issues with charging.

Q & A

What is the main purpose of the auto cut-off charger circuit discussed in the video?

The main purpose of the auto cut-off charger circuit is to automatically disconnect the charging current once the battery is fully charged, preventing overcharging and ensuring the battery's safety.

What are the key components mentioned in the charger circuit?

The key components mentioned include SCR (Silicon Controlled Rectifier), Zener diode, relay, and regular diodes.

How does the charger circuit determine when the battery is fully charged?

The charger circuit uses a 13-volt Zener diode, and once the battery voltage reaches 13 volts or more, it triggers the relay to disconnect the charging current, preventing overcharging.

Why is there a 15-volt power supply used in the charger circuit, even though the battery is 12 volts?

The 15-volt power supply is used to ensure that the charger can provide enough voltage to charge the 12-volt battery. The circuit adjusts the voltage to 12 volts for charging, which is ideal for the battery.

What is the role of the Zener diode in the circuit?

The Zener diode regulates the voltage at 13 volts. It prevents the charging current from flowing if the battery voltage is lower than 13 volts and allows current to flow once the battery reaches a sufficient charge (above 13 volts).

Why is the SCR (Silicon Controlled Rectifier) used in the circuit?

The SCR is used to control the flow of current. It ensures that the charging current only passes through the circuit when the conditions are right, i.e., when the battery is not fully charged.

What happens when the battery reaches a voltage of 13 volts or higher?

When the battery reaches 13 volts, the Zener diode allows current to pass through, which activates the SCR and the relay. This switches the charger to a cut-off mode, preventing further charging and protecting the battery from overcharging.

What is the function of the relay in this circuit?

The relay acts as a switch that connects or disconnects the charging circuit. When the battery is fully charged, the relay disconnects the charging current to prevent overcharging.

What is the significance of the LED indicators in the circuit?

The LED indicators show the status of the charging process. A red LED indicates that the battery is charging, while a green LED lights up once the battery is fully charged and the circuit has switched off.

Why is it important to connect the switch after connecting the battery in this charger circuit?

It is important to connect the switch after the battery is connected to prevent damage to the circuit or accidental short-circuiting. The switch must be properly aligned to ensure the circuit operates safely and correctly.