Zeynep Tufekci: How the Internet has made social change easy to organize, hard to win

TED
2 Feb 201516:16

Summary

TLDREl uso de las redes sociales ha sido fundamental para impulsar y organizar movimientos sociales en todo el mundo, como se vio en los protestas de Gezi Park en Turquía en 2013. Sin embargo, la facilidad que ofrece la tecnología para la movilización no siempre se traduce en logros a largo plazo. La tecnología puede ser un gran empoderador, pero los movimientos que se escalan rápidamente sin una base organizativa sólida pueden encontrarse en dificultades para enfrentar los desafíos y adaptarse tácticamente. La habilidad colectiva para pensar y tomar decisiones juntas, así como el desarrollo de propuestas políticas sólidas y la creación de consensos, son fundamentales para el éxito a largo plazo. La innovación en la toma de decisiones en línea es importante, pero para actualizar la democracia y hacer que los movimientos sean más efectivos, se necesita innovación en todos los niveles: organizativo, político y social.

Takeaways

  • 🌐 **Tecnología y Movimientos Sociales**: La tecnología, especialmente las redes sociales, ha ayudado a impulsar y organizar movimientos sociales, pero también puede paradoxalmente debilitarlos si no se utiliza adecuadamente.
  • 📉 **Efectividad vs. Facilidad**: La facilidad de movilización tecnológica no siempre se traduce en una mayor probabilidad de éxito a largo plazo.
  • 🇹🇷 **Ejemplo Turquía**: Las protestas del Parque Gezi en 2013 ilustran cómo Twitter fue clave en la organización, pero la tecnología no es todo; la resistencia y la movilización requieren un compromiso a largo plazo.
  • 📰 **Censura y Contención**: Los medios de comunicación tradicionales pueden censurar o minimizar los eventos de protesta, pero la tecnología permite a los ciudadanos informar y organizarse de manera alternativa.
  • 🔄 **Movilización vs. Organización**: La tecnología hace que sea más fácil movilizar a grandes cantidades de personas rápidamente, pero esto no garantiza una organización sólida y sostenible.
  • 👥 **Comunidad y Redes**: Los movimientos sociales modernos se apoyan en las redes existentes y en la creación de nuevas relaciones, lo que refuta la idea de que los lazos son más débiles en el activismo digital.
  • 🚀 **Escala Rápida vs. Base Orgánica**: Los movimientos que se escalan rápidamente sin una base organizativa sólida pueden encontrarse en dificultades para adaptarse y persistir ante desafíos.
  • 🤔 **Desafío Político**: Los movimientos sociales deben ir más allá de la movilización y aprender a pensar y actuar colectivamente, desarrollar propuestas políticas sólidas y encontrar formas de ejercer presión política.
  • 🌱 **Innovación y Participación**: Existen iniciativas prometedoras que promueven la toma de decisiones participativas a gran escala, pero se necesita más para actualizar la democracia.
  • ☕ **Trabajo a Largo Plazo**: A veces, el éxito a largo plazo requiere de un compromiso constante y un esfuerzo sostenible, que puede ser comparado con la necesidad de beber té sin azúcar para mantener la energía y la claridad.
  • 📝 **Activismo y Política**: Los movimientos sociales deben encontrar un equilibrio entre el activismo y la participación política para ser efectivos a largo plazo y evitar la cooptación y la corrupción.

Q & A

  • ¿Cómo ha ayudado las redes sociales a empoderar a las protestas?

    -Las redes sociales han ayudado a empoderar a las protestas al facilitar la organización y la difusión de información, como se menciona en el caso de las protestas del Parque Gezi en Turquía en 2013.

  • ¿Por qué la tecnología también podría perjudicar a los movimientos sociales?

    -La tecnología puede perjudicar a los movimientos sociales porque, aunque facilita la movilización, no siempre se traduce en logros a largo plazo. Los movimientos pueden depender excesivamente de las herramientas digitales y carecer de la base organizativa sólida necesaria para enfrentar desafíos a largo plazo.

  • ¿Cómo afectó el uso de Twitter en la protesta de Gezi Park en 2013?

    -Twitter jugó un papel clave en la organización de la protesta de Gezi Park. Ayudó a la difusión de noticias y a la movilización de las personas, superando el silencio de los medios de comunicación tradicionales.

  • ¿Cómo se comparan las protestas de Occupy Wall Street con las del Movimiento por los Derechos Civiles en los Estados Unidos?

    -Mientras que Occupy Wall Street utilizó tecnologías digitales para organizar rápidamente protestas a gran escala, el Movimiento por los Derechos Civiles tuvo que enfrentarse a desafíos logísticos mucho más complejos sin estas herramientas, lo que ayudó a forjar una base organizativa sólida y a enfrentar desafíos a largo plazo.

  • ¿Por qué los movimientos sociales actuales pueden sentirse frustrados y haber logrado menos de lo esperado?

    -Los movimientos sociales actuales pueden sentirse frustrados y haber logrado menos de lo esperado debido a que la facilidad de movilización rápida no siempre se traduce en logros a largo plazo. Carecen de la base organizativa y la capacidad para innovar y adaptarse a los desafíos a largo plazo.

  • ¿Qué es lo que distingue a los movimientos sociales exitosos de aquellos que no logran resultados a largo plazo?

    -Los movimientos sociales exitosos son aquellos que logran construir una base organizativa sólida, son capaces de pensar y tomar decisiones colectivamente, y adaptarse a los desafíos a largo plazo. Estos movimientos suelen tener una innovación táctica y logran desafíos políticos significativos.

  • ¿Cómo las tecnologías digitales pueden ayudar a los movimientos sociales más allá de la movilización rápida?

    -Las tecnologías digitales pueden ayudar a los movimientos sociales a construir una base organizativa sólida, a desarrollar propuestas políticas fortes, a crear consensos y a encontrar pasos políticos que puedan ejercer presión sobre el sistema.

  • ¿Qué es Loomio y cómo puede ayudar a los movimientos sociales?

    -Loomio es una plataforma desarrollada en Nueva Zelanda para la toma de decisiones participativas a gran escala. Puede ayudar a los movimientos sociales a pensar y tomar decisiones colectivamente de manera más efectiva.

  • ¿Qué es DemocracyOS y cómo afecta a la participación política?

    -DemocracyOS es una plataforma de código abierto que busca traer la participación directa de los ciudadanos a los parlamentos y partidos políticos. Fomenta una democracia más inclusiva y participativa.

  • ¿Por qué es importante que los movimientos sociales se organicen y tomen decisiones a largo plazo?

    -Es importante que los movimientos sociales se organicen y tomen decisiones a largo plazo porque les permite enfrentar desafíos, innovar tácticamente, adaptarse a cambios y mantener la cohesión y el compromiso a lo largo del tiempo.

  • ¿Cómo pueden los movimientos sociales modernos mejorar su eficacia?

    -Los movimientos sociales modernos pueden mejorar su eficacia al desarrollar una base organizativa sólida, al pensar y tomar decisiones colectivamente, al crear propuestas políticas fuertes, al establecer consensos y al encontrar formas de ejercer presión política de manera sostenida.

  • ¿Qué rol juegan las redes sociales en la movilización de las masas durante las protestas?

    -Las redes sociales juegan un papel crucial en la movilización de las masas, permitiendo la rápida difusión de información y la coordinación de esfuerzos, pero también deben complementarse con una organización sólida y tácticas a largo plazo para lograr cambios significativos.

Outlines

00:00

📱 Redes sociales y el poder de movilización

El primer párrafo explora cómo las redes sociales han ayudado a empoderar a las protestas, pero también cómo pueden debilitarlas. Se menciona la importancia de entender los factores que hacen posible el éxito a largo plazo. Se utiliza como ejemplo el caso de las protestas en el Parque Gezi de Turquía en 2013, destacando el papel crucial de Twitter en la organización y la censura de los medios de comunicación. Además, se compara con otros movimientos sociales históricos y se plantea la pregunta de por qué, con la facilidad que ofrece la tecnología, los resultados exitosos no son más probables.

05:00

💪 Mobilización fácil no significa logro fácil

El segundo párrafo discute la creencia de que la facilidad de movilización tecnológica no siempre se traduce en logros más fáciles. Se destaca el poder de la tecnología en la organización de redes de periodismo ciudadano y el suministro de hospitales durante protestas. Sin embargo, se argumenta que la facilidad de movilización rápida puede no ser sustituta por el trabajo lento y sostenido que construye una organización capaz de enfrentar desafíos y tomar decisiones difíciles juntas. Se comparte la experiencia de la protesta en el Parque Gezi y cómo, a pesar del éxito inicial, los manifestantes se sintieron desesperanzados al no lograr los resultados esperados.

10:03

🤔 La importancia del trabajo a largo plazo

Este párrafo profundiza en la idea de que los movimientos sociales actuales, aunque rápidos en escalar y movilizar, carecen de la base organizativa para enfrentar los desafíos a largo plazo. Se compara con el Movimiento por los Derechos Civiles, que a pesar de las dificultades lograba cambios significativos. Se destaca la importancia de la innovación táctica y la necesidad de que los movimientos modernos superen la participación masiva rápida y comiencen a pensar y actuar de manera colectiva para desarrollar propuestas políticas sólidas y tener un impacto sostenible en el sistema político.

15:06

🌐 Innovación en la democracia y los movimientos sociales

El último párrafo enfatiza la necesidad de que los movimientos sociales modernos y la democracia se adapten y se innoven en todos los niveles, desde organizativos hasta políticos y sociales. Se mencionan iniciativas en diferentes países que están trabajando en la toma de decisiones participativa a gran escala y se argumenta que, aunque las buenas intenciones y el coraje son fundamentales, no son suficientes. Se hace un llamado a la acción para que los movimientos se vuelvan más efectivos y se cierra con una reflexión sobre la importancia de la perseverancia y el compromiso a largo plazo.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Movimientos sociales

Los movimientos sociales son colecciones organizadas de individuos que se unen para promover, resistir o influir en una causa o política específica. En el video, se discute cómo las redes sociales han ayudado a empoderar estos movimientos, pero también cómo pueden debilitarlos a largo plazo debido a la falta de estructura organizativa.

💡Redes sociales

Las redes sociales son plataformas tecnológicas que permiten a las personas comunicarse, compartir información y conectarse con otros. En el contexto del video, se destaca cómo las redes sociales como Twitter y Facebook han sido fundamentales para la organización y la difusión de información durante protestas y movimientos sociales.

💡Protestas

Las protestas son manifestaciones públicas donde los individuos o grupos expresan su desacuerdo con algo, a menudo exhortando un cambio. El video menciona varias protestas, como las protestas de Gezi Park en Turquía y el Movimiento de los Indignados, para ilustrar cómo las tecnologías digitales han influido en su organización y visibilidad.

💡Censura

La censura es la supresión o modificación de información, a menudo por parte de un gobierno o entidad poderosa. En el video, se describe cómo la censura en los medios tradicionales en Turquía llevó a la viralización de una imagen en Twitter que rompió el silencio y forzó la cobertura mediática.

💡Conectividad digital

La conectividad digital se refiere a la capacidad de las personas y dispositivos para comunicarse a través de la tecnología de la información. El video discute cómo la conectividad digital ha sido esencial para la organización de eventos y la movilización de personas en movimientos sociales.

💡Organización de eventos

La organización de eventos implica la planificación y ejecución de una reunión o actividad. En el video, se resalta cómo las nuevas tecnologías han facilitado la organización de eventos, como protestas y movilizaciones, permitiendo a los movimientos sociales escalar rápidamente.

💡Movimiento de los Indignados

El Movimiento de los Indignados, también conocido como los 15-M, fue un movimiento social en España que comenzó en 2011. En el video, se utiliza como ejemplo de cómo los movimientos modernos han utilizado la tecnología para atraer la atención global y organizar acciones a gran escala.

💡Innovación táctica

La innovación táctica implica el desarrollo de nuevas estrategias o enfoques para alcanzar objetivos específicos. El video compara la innovación táctica del Movimiento por los Derechos Civiles con la falta de cambio en las tácticas de los movimientos modernos debido a la falta de una base organizativa sólida.

💡Participación política

La participación política se refiere a la involucración de los ciudadanos en el proceso político, ya sea a través del voto, la discusión pública o la acción directa. El video argumenta que los movimientos modernos deben ir más allá de la participación rápida y a gran escala para influir de manera efectiva en el sistema político.

💡Desafío democrático

El desafío democrático hace referencia a la necesidad de que las democracias modernas enfrenten y adapten sus estructuras para abordar los problemas actuales, como el cambio climático y la desigualdad. El video sugiere que los movimientos sociales deben ser más efectivos para impulsar estos cambios.

💡Innovación en la organización

La innovación en la organización implica el desarrollo de nuevas formas de estructura y funcionamiento dentro de una entidad. El video discute la importancia de la innovación en la organización para que los movimientos sociales puedan mantenerse a largo plazo y ser efectivos en sus objetivos.

Highlights

Social media can both empower and weaken social movements.

Technology has paradoxically helped to weaken social movements despite its empowering capabilities.

Success in social movements requires understanding long-term success factors.

Twitter played a key role in organizing Turkey's Gezi Park protests in 2013.

The power of social media was demonstrated when it broke censorship during the Turkish media's coverage of the Kurdish smugglers' bombing.

The Gezi protests evolved from a local park issue to an anti-authoritarian movement.

In the Gezi protests, media censorship led to the public seeking news through social media.

The use of digital connectivity for organizing protests has a long history, dating back to the Zapatistas in Mexico.

The Arab uprisings, indignados, and Euromaidan are examples of movements that have used digital technology for mobilization.

Despite the energy and size of movements, their outcomes are often not proportional to the impact they inspire.

The ease of mobilization through technology does not always equate to easier achievement of gains.

Technology has enabled rapid organization, as seen with the Occupy movement and Tahrir Supplies in Egypt.

The Civil Rights Movement in the U.S. provides an example of the power of long-term, sustained effort without digital tools.

Modern protests may become despondent and achieve less due to a lack of long-term organizational depth.

The organizational strength from doing hard, logistical work is crucial for sustained collective action.

Protests that are too reliant on technology may lack the depth and capacity to adapt and innovate over time.

Successful long-term movements need to innovate tactically and have a strong policy focus.

Modern social movements tend to avoid institutional leadership and formal politics, which can limit their long-term effectiveness.

There is a need for social movements to be more effective in addressing critical issues like climate change, inequality, and authoritarianism.

Innovative platforms like Loomio, 140Journos, and DemocracyOS are examples of efforts to enhance participatory decision-making at scale.

For long-term success, social movements must combine the use of digital technology with the hard work of collective thinking and policy development.

Transcripts

play00:12

So recently, we heard a lot about how social media helps empower protest,

play00:17

and that's true,

play00:19

but after more than a decade

play00:20

of studying and participating in multiple social movements,

play00:24

I've come to realize

play00:26

that the way technology empowers social movements

play00:29

can also paradoxically help weaken them.

play00:32

This is not inevitable, but overcoming it requires diving deep

play00:36

into what makes success possible over the long term.

play00:40

And the lessons apply in multiple domains.

play00:43

Now, take Turkey's Gezi Park protests, July 2013,

play00:47

which I went back to study in the field.

play00:50

Twitter was key to its organizing.

play00:52

It was everywhere in the park -- well, along with a lot of tear gas.

play00:56

It wasn't all high tech.

play00:58

But the people in Turkey had already gotten used to the power of Twitter

play01:02

because of an unfortunate incident about a year before

play01:05

when military jets had bombed and killed

play01:09

34 Kurdish smugglers near the border region,

play01:13

and Turkish media completely censored this news.

play01:18

Editors sat in their newsrooms

play01:20

and waited for the government to tell them what to do.

play01:23

One frustrated journalist could not take this anymore.

play01:25

He purchased his own plane ticket,

play01:27

and went to the village where this had occurred.

play01:29

And he was confronted by this scene:

play01:32

a line of coffins coming down a hill, relatives wailing.

play01:38

He later he told me how overwhelmed he felt,

play01:40

and didn't know what to do,

play01:42

so he took out his phone,

play01:44

like any one of us might,

play01:45

and snapped that picture and tweeted it out.

play01:49

And voila, that picture went viral

play01:52

and broke the censorship and forced mass media to cover it.

play01:57

So when, a year later, Turkey's Gezi protests happened,

play02:00

it started as a protest about a park being razed,

play02:03

but became an anti-authoritarian protest.

play02:05

It wasn't surprising that media also censored it,

play02:09

but it got a little ridiculous at times.

play02:12

When things were so intense,

play02:14

when CNN International was broadcasting live from Istanbul,

play02:18

CNN Turkey instead was broadcasting a documentary on penguins.

play02:25

Now, I love penguin documentaries, but that wasn't the news of the day.

play02:29

An angry viewer put his two screens together and snapped that picture,

play02:34

and that one too went viral,

play02:36

and since then, people call Turkish media the penguin media. (Laughter)

play02:40

But this time, people knew what to do.

play02:42

They just took out their phones and looked for actual news.

play02:45

Better, they knew to go to the park and take pictures and participate

play02:50

and share it more on social media.

play02:52

Digital connectivity was used for everything from food to donations.

play02:58

Everything was organized partially with the help of these new technologies.

play03:03

And using Internet to mobilize and publicize protests

play03:08

actually goes back a long way.

play03:10

Remember the Zapatistas,

play03:12

the peasant uprising in the southern Chiapas region of Mexico

play03:17

led by the masked, pipe-smoking, charismatic Subcomandante Marcos?

play03:22

That was probably the first movement

play03:24

that got global attention thanks to the Internet.

play03:27

Or consider Seattle '99,

play03:29

when a multinational grassroots effort brought global attention

play03:34

to what was then an obscure organization, the World Trade Organization,

play03:38

by also utilizing these digital technologies to help them organize.

play03:43

And more recently, movement after movement

play03:45

has shaken country after country:

play03:48

the Arab uprisings from Bahrain to Tunisia to Egypt and more;

play03:53

indignados in Spain, Italy, Greece; the Gezi Park protests;

play03:58

Taiwan; Euromaidan in Ukraine; Hong Kong.

play04:02

And think of more recent initiatives, like the #BringBackOurGirls hashtags.

play04:07

Nowadays, a network of tweets can unleash a global awareness campaign.

play04:14

A Facebook page can become the hub of a massive mobilization.

play04:18

Amazing.

play04:20

But think of the moments I just mentioned.

play04:24

The achievements they were able to have, their outcomes,

play04:29

are not really proportional to the size and energy they inspired.

play04:34

The hopes they rightfully raised are not really matched

play04:38

by what they were able to have as a result in the end.

play04:42

And this raises a question:

play04:46

As digital technology makes things easier for movements,

play04:50

why haven't successful outcomes become more likely as well?

play04:54

In embracing digital platforms for activism and politics,

play05:00

are we overlooking some of the benefits of doing things the hard way?

play05:04

Now, I believe so.

play05:05

I believe that the rule of thumb is:

play05:07

Easier to mobilize does not always mean easier to achieve gains.

play05:12

Now, to be clear,

play05:15

technology does empower in multiple ways.

play05:18

It's very powerful.

play05:19

In Turkey, I watched four young college students

play05:23

organize a countrywide citizen journalism network called 140Journos

play05:28

that became the central hub for uncensored news in the country.

play05:32

In Egypt, I saw another four young people use digital connectivity

play05:37

to organize the supplies and logistics for 10 field hospitals,

play05:41

very large operations,

play05:43

during massive clashes near Tahrir Square in 2011.

play05:49

And I asked the founder of this effort, called Tahrir Supplies,

play05:53

how long it took him to go from when he had the idea to when he got started.

play05:59

"Five minutes," he said. Five minutes.

play06:01

And he had no training or background in logistics.

play06:04

Or think of the Occupy movement which rocked the world in 2011.

play06:07

It started with a single email

play06:09

from a magazine, Adbusters, to 90,000 subscribers in its list.

play06:15

About two months after that first email,

play06:18

there were in the United States 600 ongoing occupations and protests.

play06:24

Less than one month after the first physical occupation in Zuccotti Park,

play06:30

a global protest was held in about 82 countries, 950 cities.

play06:37

It was one of the largest global protests ever organized.

play06:39

Now, compare that to what the Civil Rights Movement had to do in 1955 Alabama

play06:46

to protest the racially segregated bus system, which they wanted to boycott.

play06:52

They'd been preparing for many years

play06:54

and decided it was time to swing into action

play06:56

after Rosa Parks was arrested.

play06:58

But how do you get the word out --

play07:00

tomorrow we're going to start the boycott --

play07:02

when you don't have Facebook, texting, Twitter, none of that?

play07:08

So they had to mimeograph 52,000 leaflets

play07:13

by sneaking into a university duplicating room

play07:16

and working all night, secretly.

play07:18

They then used the 68 African-American organizations

play07:22

that criss-crossed the city to distribute those leaflets by hand.

play07:26

And the logistical tasks were daunting, because these were poor people.

play07:31

They had to get to work, boycott or no,

play07:33

so a massive carpool was organized,

play07:36

again by meeting.

play07:38

No texting, no Twitter, no Facebook.

play07:40

They had to meet almost all the time to keep this carpool going.

play07:44

Today, it would be so much easier.

play07:46

We could create a database, available rides and what rides you need,

play07:51

have the database coordinate, and use texting.

play07:54

We wouldn't have to meet all that much.

play07:57

But again, consider this:

play07:59

the Civil Rights Movement in the United States

play08:02

navigated a minefield of political dangers,

play08:07

faced repression and overcame, won major policy concessions,

play08:12

navigated and innovated through risks.

play08:16

In contrast, three years after Occupy sparked

play08:19

that global conversation about inequality,

play08:22

the policies that fueled it are still in place.

play08:25

Europe was also rocked by anti-austerity protests,

play08:29

but the continent didn't shift its direction.

play08:33

In embracing these technologies,

play08:36

are we overlooking some of the benefits of slow and sustained?

play08:42

To understand this,

play08:44

I went back to Turkey about a year after the Gezi protests

play08:47

and I interviewed a range of people,

play08:49

from activists to politicians,

play08:53

from both the ruling party and the opposition party and movements.

play08:58

I found that the Gezi protesters were despairing.

play09:01

They were frustrated,

play09:03

and they had achieved much less than what they had hoped for.

play09:06

This echoed what I'd been hearing around the world

play09:09

from many other protesters that I'm in touch with.

play09:12

And I've come to realize that part of the problem

play09:15

is that today's protests have become a bit like climbing Mt. Everest

play09:21

with the help of 60 Sherpas,

play09:23

and the Internet is our Sherpa.

play09:26

What we're doing is taking the fast routes

play09:30

and not replacing the benefits of the slower work.

play09:34

Because, you see,

play09:35

the kind of work that went into organizing

play09:38

all those daunting, tedious logistical tasks

play09:41

did not just take care of those tasks,

play09:44

they also created the kind of organization that could think together collectively

play09:48

and make hard decisions together,

play09:51

create consensus and innovate, and maybe even more crucially,

play09:55

keep going together through differences.

play09:58

So when you see this March on Washington in 1963,

play10:03

when you look at that picture,

play10:05

where this is the march where Martin Luther King gave his famous

play10:08

"I have a dream" speech, 1963,

play10:11

you don't just see a march and you don't just hear a powerful speech,

play10:15

you also see the painstaking, long-term work that can put on that march.

play10:21

And if you're in power,

play10:22

you realize you have to take the capacity signaled by that march,

play10:27

not just the march, but the capacity signaled by that march, seriously.

play10:31

In contrast, when you look at Occupy's global marches

play10:35

that were organized in two weeks,

play10:37

you see a lot of discontent,

play10:38

but you don't necessarily see teeth that can bite over the long term.

play10:43

And crucially, the Civil Rights Movement innovated tactically

play10:47

from boycotts to lunch counter sit-ins to pickets to marches to freedom rides.

play10:54

Today's movements scale up very quickly without the organizational base

play10:58

that can see them through the challenges.

play11:00

They feel a little like startups that got very big

play11:04

without knowing what to do next,

play11:06

and they rarely manage to shift tactically

play11:09

because they don't have the depth of capacity

play11:11

to weather such transitions.

play11:14

Now, I want to be clear: The magic is not in the mimeograph.

play11:19

It's in that capacity to work together, think together collectively,

play11:25

which can only be built over time with a lot of work.

play11:28

To understand all this,

play11:30

I interviewed a top official from the ruling party in Turkey,

play11:34

and I ask him, "How do you do it?"

play11:36

They too use digital technology extensively, so that's not it.

play11:40

So what's the secret?

play11:42

Well, he told me.

play11:43

He said the key is he never took sugar with his tea.

play11:50

I said, what has that got to do with anything?

play11:53

Well, he said, his party starts getting ready for the next election

play11:56

the day after the last one,

play11:58

and he spends all day every day meeting with voters in their homes,

play12:02

in their wedding parties, circumcision ceremonies,

play12:04

and then he meets with his colleagues to compare notes.

play12:07

With that many meetings every day, with tea offered at every one of them,

play12:12

which he could not refuse, because that would be rude,

play12:15

he could not take even one cube of sugar per cup of tea,

play12:20

because that would be many kilos of sugar, he can't even calculate how many kilos,

play12:24

and at that point I realized why he was speaking so fast.

play12:27

We had met in the afternoon, and he was already way over-caffeinated.

play12:32

But his party won two major elections

play12:37

within a year of the Gezi protests with comfortable margins.

play12:40

To be sure, governments have different resources to bring to the table.

play12:43

It's not the same game, but the differences are instructive.

play12:47

And like all such stories, this is not a story just of technology.

play12:51

It's what technology allows us to do converging with what we want to do.

play12:56

Today's social movements want to operate informally.

play12:59

They do not want institutional leadership.

play13:02

They want to stay out of politics because they fear corruption and cooptation.

play13:07

They have a point.

play13:08

Modern representative democracies are being strangled in many countries

play13:11

by powerful interests.

play13:14

But operating this way makes it hard for them

play13:17

to sustain over the long term and exert leverage over the system,

play13:21

which leads to frustrated protesters dropping out,

play13:24

and even more corrupt politics.

play13:27

And politics and democracy without an effective challenge hobbles,

play13:32

because the causes that have inspired the modern recent movements are crucial.

play13:39

Climate change is barreling towards us.

play13:42

Inequality is stifling human growth and potential and economies.

play13:47

Authoritarianism is choking many countries.

play13:49

We need movements to be more effective.

play13:52

Now, some people have argued that the problem is

play13:55

today's movements are not formed of people who take as many risks as before,

play14:01

and that is not true.

play14:03

From Gezi to Tahrir to elsewhere,

play14:06

I've seen people put their lives and livelihoods on the line.

play14:09

It's also not true, as Malcolm Gladwell claimed,

play14:12

that today's protesters form weaker virtual ties.

play14:14

No, they come to these protests, just like before,

play14:18

with their friends, existing networks,

play14:21

and sometimes they do make new friends for life.

play14:23

I still see the friends that I made

play14:26

in those Zapatista-convened global protests more than a decade ago,

play14:29

and the bonds between strangers are not worthless.

play14:32

When I got tear-gassed in Gezi,

play14:34

people I didn't know helped me and one another instead of running away.

play14:40

In Tahrir, I saw people, protesters,

play14:43

working really hard to keep each other safe and protected.

play14:46

And digital awareness-raising is great,

play14:48

because changing minds is the bedrock of changing politics.

play14:51

But movements today have to move beyond participation at great scale very fast

play14:59

and figure out how to think together collectively,

play15:02

develop strong policy proposals, create consensus,

play15:06

figure out the political steps and relate them to leverage,

play15:10

because all these good intentions and bravery and sacrifice by itself

play15:13

are not going to be enough.

play15:15

And there are many efforts.

play15:17

In New Zealand, a group of young people are developing a platform called Loomio

play15:21

for participatory decision making at scale.

play15:24

In Turkey, 140Journos are holding hack-a-thons

play15:28

so that they support communities as well as citizen journalism.

play15:32

In Argentina, an open-source platform called DemocracyOS

play15:35

is bringing participation to parliaments and political parties.

play15:39

These are all great, and we need more,

play15:42

but the answer won't just be better online decision-making,

play15:46

because to update democracy, we are going to need to innovate at every level,

play15:52

from the organizational to the political to the social.

play15:56

Because to succeed over the long term,

play16:00

sometimes you do need tea without sugar

play16:03

along with your Twitter.

play16:04

Thank you.

play16:06

(Applause)

Rate This

5.0 / 5 (0 votes)

Related Tags
Redes SocialesMovilización PolíticaActivismo DigitalProtestas PúblicasGezi ParkTecnologíaParticipación CiudadanaCensuraDemocraciaInnovación PolíticaMovimientos Sociales
Do you need a summary in English?