G102 The Hoyt Sector Model

Summary

Professor Courter presents the Hoyt Sector Model, a 1939 modification of the Concentric Zone Model, which adds complexity through transportation corridors that influence urban development. Unlike the concentric zones, neighborhoods extend along these routes, with the CBD remaining central. The model highlights the importance of effective transportation for industries and services, exemplified by the Wilshire Corridor in Los Angeles. Hoyt identifies residential zones ranging from low-class to high-class, illustrating socio-economic patterns and their proximity to the CBD, with affluent areas like Beverly Hills reflecting the model's principles.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Concentric Zone Model was first modified in 1939 by Homer Hoyt, resulting in the Hoyt Sector Model.
• 🚆 The Hoyt Sector Model introduces a transportation corridor that adds complexity to the basic structure of the Concentric Zone Model.
• 🍊 The visual representation of the Sector Model resembles the wedges of an orange, indicating segmented urban areas along transportation routes.
• 🚗 In the United States, road and highway systems are more significant for transportation than railways, which influences urban development patterns.
• 🏙️ Urban regions, including suburbs and industrial zones, expand outward from the Central Business District (CBD) rather than encircling it.
• 🏘️ Hoyt's reasoning suggests that similar landscapes will remain consistent as distance from the CBD increases, affecting neighborhood development.
• 🏭 The elongated industrial areas along transportation routes are a key feature of the Sector Model, emphasizing the importance of transportation for industry.
• 💼 The service sector also stretches along important transportation corridors, as illustrated by the Wilshire corridor in Los Angeles.
• 🏚️ Hoyt referred to areas near heavy industry as 'low-class residential zones,' which are characterized by environmental hazards and lack of services.
• 💰 High-class residential neighborhoods, like Beverly Hills and Brentwood, are situated close to the CBD, reflecting a pattern of urban wealth distribution.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the discussion in the transcript?

The main focus is on the Hoyt Sector Model, which is an alteration of the Concentric Zone Model of urban geography, emphasizing the impact of transportation corridors on city layout.

How does the Hoyt Sector Model differ from the Concentric Zone Model?

Unlike the Concentric Zone Model, which assumes that urban areas encircle the CBD, the Hoyt Sector Model suggests that different sectors extend outward along transportation routes, creating a more complex urban structure.

What does the transportation corridor in the Hoyt Sector Model represent?

The transportation corridor, highlighted in purple, represents a significant route that influences the arrangement of industrial and residential areas, elongating them along major transportation networks.

What was Homer Hoyt's reasoning for the layout of urban areas in the Sector Model?

Hoyt reasoned that similar landscapes would remain in proximity as distance from the CBD increased, leading to wealthier neighborhoods expanding outward rather than moving further away from the city center.

How is the Wilshire corridor in Los Angeles relevant to the Hoyt Sector Model?

The Wilshire corridor serves as an example of how the service sector extends from the CBD along significant transportation routes, housing various services and industries.

What does the term 'low-class residential zone' refer to in Hoyt's model?

In Hoyt's terminology, the 'low-class residential zone' refers to areas with poorer neighborhoods that are situated near heavy industry and transportation corridors, often experiencing environmental challenges.

What changes did the Hoyt Sector Model introduce regarding urban components?

The model introduced the concept that urban components, such as residential and industrial zones, can be in close proximity to the CBD, reflecting a more integrated urban landscape.

What types of neighborhoods are represented in the Sector Model?

The Sector Model includes various types of neighborhoods, such as low-class residential, middle-class residential, and high-class residential, indicating a spectrum of socioeconomic status within urban areas.

How does the discussion of the Hoyt Sector Model relate to modern urban planning?

The Hoyt Sector Model highlights the importance of transportation in urban planning, emphasizing how it shapes the distribution of various urban functions and influences residential patterns.

What criticism does the professor have regarding the term 'low-class residential'?

The professor expresses discomfort with the term 'low-class residential,' suggesting that 'working class' is a more appropriate description for these neighborhoods.