4th Dimension Explained By A High-School Student

xkcdHatGuy
5 Jan 201009:04

Summary

TLDRこのスクリプトは、私たちが知る三次元世界から四次元世界への視点を探求しています。三次元世界は深さ、長さ、幅を持つ無限の二次元世界の集合体であり、四次元世界は無限の三次元物体の集合体と考えられます。しかし、私たちは三次元世界を二つ次元的に見ているため、四次元の生物は物体を通じて見ることができ、全てを見ることができるとされています。また、スクリプトでは、時間と空間の違いや、物理学者や数学者が考えるディメンションの曲げについても触れています。最後に、無限のディメンションの考え方とそれに付随する問題についても述べられています。

Takeaways

  • 📏 一维世界是线性的,生物只能沿直线前后移动。
  • 📐 二维世界增加了宽度,生物可以上下左右移动,由无数一维世界组成。
  • 📏 三维世界由长度、宽度和深度组成,由无数二维世界构成。
  • 🔮 四维世界难以直观理解,但可以想象为由无数三维对象组成。
  • 👁️‍🗨️ 我们作为三维生物,实际上以二维的方式感知三维世界。
  • 📊 四维生物能够看到三维物体的内部,就像我们看二维环境一样。
  • 🔗 数学上,维度的增加遵循逻辑递进,如一维的线、二维的正方形、三维的立方体。
  • 🛍️ 四维的基本形状被称为超立方体或tesseract。
  • ⏳ 时间常被误认为是第四维度,但时间和空间是不同的。
  • 🌐 一些理论认为维度可能轻微弯曲,导致无限循环的宇宙结构。
  • ∞ 理论上存在无限多的空间维度,但这引发了关于无限性的哲学问题。
  • 📚 尽管我们无法完全理解或想象高维空间,数学和物理提供了探索这些概念的工具。

Q & A

  • 一つの次元が何を意味するのか説明してください。

    -一つの次元とは、線状の空間を意味し、生物は一方向にのみ前後に移動できます。

  • 2次元の世界で生きる生物はどのように動くことができますか?

    -2次元の世界で生きる生物は、上下左右に自由に動くことができます。

  • 3次元の世界はどのように構成されていますか?

    -3次元の世界は、奥行き、長さ、幅から成り立っており、無限に続く2次元の世界の積み重ねです。

  • 4次元とは何ですか?

    -4次元は、3次元の世界に加えてもう一つの次元を持ち、その具体的な姿は人間の知覚では捉えられませんが、数学的には8つの立方体が相互に垂直かつ平行な状態で構成されるテセラクトと推定されます。

  • 私たちはなぜ現実世界を真に受け止められないのですか?

    -私たちは3次元の世界で生きており、しかし2次元的な視点で物事を認識しているため、現実の世界の真実を完全に把握することはできません。

  • 2次元の生物がどのように物事を認識するか説明してください。

    -2次元の生物は1次元的に物事を認識しており、例えば輪を見ると1次元的な線分に見えます。光の変化によって輪の端々が明るくなり、中が暗くなるように見えます。

  • 4次元の生物が持つ能力とは何ですか?

    -4次元の生物は物体を透かして見たり、全ての物を一度に見渡すことができるとされています。

  • 時間は4次元として扱われることの誤りは何ですか?

    -時間は空間とは別であり、また全ての次元に時間的概念が存在するため、4次元が特別であるという考え方は筋が通じません。

  • 物理学者によって提案されている空間の曲がりについて説明してください。

    -物理学者によっては、無限に続く空間を持つことは不可能であると主張し、1次元が極めて微細に曲がることで最終的に円、2次元が球、3次元がさらに曲がって4次元の宇宙を形成すると考える人があります。

  • 無限の次元を持つ宇宙の考え方にはどのような問題がありますか?

    -無限の次元を持つ宇宙の考え方には、無限という概念自体が理解しきれないという問題があります。また、その中でどのくらいの次元が存在するのか、またその限界はどこにあるのかが明確ではありません。

  • テセラクトとは何ですか?

    -テセラクトは4次元の基本的な形状であり、8つの立方体が相互に垂直かつ平行に接続された状態で構成されますが、人間の知覚で捉えられることはできません。

  • 次元がどのように数学的に進化するのか説明してください。

    -数学的には、1次元が直線、2次元が正方形、3次元が立方体と進化し、同様に4次元はテセラクトと推定されます。これは、各次元が前の次元の形状を基にし、さらに一つの次元を加えた形で進化していると考えられます。

Outlines

00:00

🌐 次元の世界を想像しよう

第1段落では、三次元世界から一つの次元を減らして、二次元の世界を想像する。二次元の世界では、生物は線状のパスで前後にしか動けない。次に、二次元の世界をさらに広がって三次元の世界を考える。三次元の世界は、奥行き、長さ、幅を持つ。さらに、四次元の世界を想像し、私たちが三次元の世界で物体を二つの次元で見ることと同様に、四次元の世界の生物は物体を三つの次元で見ることができると述べている。また、四次元の基本形はテセラクトであり、これは8つの立方体が互いに接続された状態であると説明している。

05:01

🕰️ 四次元と時間の誤解

第2段落では、四次元と時間との関係について述べている。一般的には四次元を時間と混同するが、実際には空間と時間は異なる概念であり、全ての次元に時間があるとするなら、四次元は特別であると主張されている。また、物理学者や数学者が次元が微妙に曲がっていると主張していることも触れており、これは無限の次元を持つ可能性を示唆している。しかし、無限の次元を持つという考えには賛同できないという疑問も述べている。

Mindmap

Keywords

💡一次元

一次元とは、線的な空間を指し、長さだけを持つ三次元空間の要素です。ビデオでは、一次元の世界に生きる生物は線状の道を前後にしか移動できないと説明しています。これは、三次元世界を理解するための基本的な概念です。

💡二次元

二次元は、幅と長さを持つ平面的な空間を表します。ビデオでは、二次元の世界に存在する生物は、上下左右に自由に移動できると述べています。二次元の世界は、無数の一次元の世界が積み重ねられたものと考えることができます。

💡三次元

三次元は、奥行き、長さ、幅を持つ空間を意味します。ビデオでは、三次元の世界は無数の二次元の世界から成り立っており、その中で生物は立体的に移動できると説明しています。私たちは三次元の世界に生きており、それが私たちの現実です。

💡四次元

四次元は、三次元の空間に新たな次元を加えた空間です。ビデオでは、四次元の生物は物体の内部を透過的に見ることができると述べています。また、四次元は無限の三次元の物体から成り立っていると説明されていますが、その具体的な形状は人間の知覚では捉えきれないとされています。

💡テセラクト

テセラクトは、四次元空間の基本的な形状であり、8つの三次元の立方体から成り立っています。ビデオでは、テセラクトがどのように見えるかを具体的に説明することはできませんが、その形状は数学的に理解できるとされています。

💡

💡時間

ビデオでは、四次元を時間と混同することについて触れています。しかし、時間は空間とは別のものであり、空間のどの次元にも時間があります。そのため、四次元が時間であるという考え方は誤りであると主張しています。

💡曲げ

ビデオでは、物理学者や数学者が空間の次元が非常に微細にかけて曲がっていると主張していると説明しています。これは、無限に続く空間を持つことができないという考えに由来します。例えば、一次元が曲がって円になるなど、各次元が曲がることで、より高次元の空間が形成されるとされています。

💡無限

ビデオでは、無限の次元を持つ可能性について議論しており、これは哲学的および数学的な問題を提起します。無限の次元を持つことは、私たちの理解を超えているため、その限界や意味について疑問を投げかけています。

💡知覚

ビデオでは、三次元の生き物が実際には二次元的に物事を知覚していると説明しています。これは、私たちが三次元の立方体を丸みのある球体と見ることと似ています。また、二次元の生き物が一次元でしか知覚できないという例も挙げられており、これは私たちが四次元を理解できない理由にも繋がります。

💡数学的進化

ビデオでは、数学的な概念を通じて四次元を理解しようとする試みがされています。一次元から三次元までの進化を通じて、数学的に次元を追加し、その形状を予測することができます。しかし、四次元以上は人間の知覚で理解することができないとされています。

Highlights

Imagine a one-dimensional world where organisms can only move in a straight line.

A two-dimensional world allows for movement in all directions on a flat plane.

A two-dimensional world is an infinite series of one-dimensional lines.

Our three-dimensional world is made up of an infinite series of two-dimensional planes.

A four-dimensional world would allow for movement in ways we cannot perceive.

We perceive three-dimensional objects as two-dimensional due to our limited perspective.

A four-dimensional creature would perceive all aspects of a three-dimensional object at once.

The progression from one dimension to another is based on mathematical logic and geometry.

A tesseract is a four-dimensional shape consisting of eight cubes.

Our inability to visualize a fourth dimension is due to our three-dimensional perspective.

The concept of dimensions being curved is a theory proposed by some physicists and mathematicians.

If dimensions are curved, our three-dimensional world exists within a four-dimensional space.

The idea of an infinite number of dimensions challenges our understanding of infinity.

The common misconception that the fourth dimension is time is flawed due to the nature of time versus space.

Time is not spatial, and all dimensions contain time, making the fourth dimension not special in that regard.

The concept of a fourth dimension is challenging to grasp and visualize for three-dimensional beings.

The video aims to provide a better understanding of the theoretical fourth dimension.

Transcripts

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imagine that this folder is a

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dimensional plane now assuming that it

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is no height and no depth what would

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this mean it would mean that it's a

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one-dimensional world so if

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hypothetically an organism was living

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inside of it it would only be able to

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move in a linear path forward and

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backwards in a straight line now if we

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go to the second dimension we have two

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dimensions we have width and we have

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length so hypothetically if an organism

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lived inside of here then it would be

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able to move up down left right than

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anywhere else in between and a two

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dimensional world is comprised of an

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infinite series of one-dimensional

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worlds stacked upon each other just as

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our three-dimensional world which has

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depth and length and height is comprised

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of an infinite series of two dimensional

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worlds so this now that I have stamped

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many folders upon each other we have

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three dimensions we have depth

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we have length and we have width now

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what happens if you keep going on from

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here on out we would have a four

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dimensional world what exactly is a

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fourth dimension in order to understand

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this we need to understand how two

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mentions are perceived we live in the

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three-dimensional world but despite that

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we actually view things to be two

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dimensionally take a perfect sphere for

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example if you're looking at sphere it

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looks just like a regular

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two-dimensional circle the only way you

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could tell it's just actual sphere

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instead of a circle is because of the

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hues of light down so just like in a

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two-dimensional world if a organism in

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the two-dimensional world was looking

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upon a circle but the light would make

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it appear to be lighter at one end and

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darker and in the middle also if you if

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an object is moving farther closer and

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farther away from you you don't actually

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perceive that it's getting closer and

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farther away you see that it's beginning

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smaller or larger and then you assume

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that's giving either farther away or

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closer but let's say that object was to

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grow in perfectly equilibrium so that it

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was growing at the same speed that it

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was shrinking as you move it farther

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away

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then you would not be able to tell

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without any lights or if there were

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details on the object that it's moving

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or growing at all you may have assumed

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that since we perceive things to be in

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two dimensions that a two-dimensional

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organism would see in one dimension so

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as we're watching this rubber band

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expand as it moves farther away from

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this little organism in the

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two-dimensional world it's does not

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actually perceive anything is happening

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to it because it's growing at the same

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speed that is moving farther away but

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since we can actually see it from the

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three-dimensional world and perceive

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things to be in two dimensions we can

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see things for how they actually are the

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reason that the two-dimensional organism

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doesn't see things the way they really

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are is because the two-dimensional

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organism sees things in one dimension

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just how we three-dimensional creatures

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see things in two dimensions so in a way

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we don't really see our world the way it

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truly is a four dimensional creature

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I've ever seen our three-dimensional

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world in three dimensions would be able

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to see through things to be able to see

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absolutely everything just as we could

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see if there was several organisms

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spread along a 2d environment on your

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floor you'd be able to see inside houses

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you would be able to see inside of

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people so if a two-dimensional world the

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flat surface has just made of an

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infinite amount of lines then the 3d

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world is just made out of an infinite

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amount of planes

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so the 4d world logically is made out of

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an infinite amount of 3d objects though

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they're not just put together like you

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would like building blocks it's that's

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not how the 4d world is that just be 3d

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again so in order to understand this we

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need to understand the logical

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progression of mathematics in our world

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imagine that this connects piece

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represents the first dimension it's

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simply a straight line which is

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basically what the first dimension looks

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like and if you add three more of these

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straight lines and connect them to do so

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that adjacent sides are perpendicular

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and opposite sides are parallel then you

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have the basic shape of the second

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dimension you have a square now if you

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keep going from here and you add full

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hand it so that there's a total of four

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squares and all adjacent sides are

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perpendicular and all opposite sides are

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parallel then you end up with obviously

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a cube so if you try to keep going from

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here and you would have a four

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dimensional basic shape you would have

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eight what's called a tesseract now I

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cannot show you a tesseract but you need

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to understand that it's basically four

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cubes that are within each other that

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have all adjacent sides perpendicular

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and all parallel and all opposite sides

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parallel yet there are three lines

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connect that four lines connect into

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each vertex so every tesseract would

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look somewhat like this picture now that

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that's not exactly what it looks like

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because this is a two-dimensional

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depiction and obviously not all the

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lines are straights so I cannot show you

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what assessor act actually looks like

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because we cannot perceive things in the

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third dimension you cannot even imagine

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what the tesseract looks like you cannot

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physically it you cannot in your mind

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picture the fourth of nitrogen or a

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fourth dimensional shape and you can

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keep going on from the fourth dimension

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even you can go to the fifth dimension

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the sixth dimension the 71st dimension

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it doesn't matter theoretically there

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are an infinite amount of spatial

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dimensions a common misconception of the

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fourth dimension is that the fourth

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dimension is time now while some argue

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that goodbye going forward and backwards

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in time if you move forward the same

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distance and backwards the same then you

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would end up in the same place you

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started just like in the fourth

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dimension and while that may seem

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logical if you think about it really

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doesn't make sense if you imply that the

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fourth dimension is actually time well

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first of all time is not spatial there's

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a difference between space and time

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quite obviously and assuming that all

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dimensions are according to a pattern

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then

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that doesn't really make sense either

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because saying the fourth dimension is

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time every dimension has time in it so

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that would mean that the fourth

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dimension is special in some way which

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doesn't really make any sense another

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reason this doesn't make sense is that

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we so very very very slightly travel

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through time whenever we move due to the

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distance that light takes to get to our

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body if a group of astronauts were to

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get in a spaceship and they are to go

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very very very close to the speed of

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light then they would and they they went

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around in this

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impossible nearly the speed of light

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spaceship for a few months and then

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afterwards they returned earth they

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would find that Earth had actually

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progressed a few years so they had moved

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forward in time I move in that quickly

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another interesting concept involving

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the fourth dimension is that many

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physicists and even mathematicians may

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say that the dimensions are very very

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slightly curved because if you really

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think about it nothing can be truly

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absolutely infinite so imagine that a

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the first dimension the line is just

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very very slightly curved so that after

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a very long time it will end up creating

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a circle

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so as suggest my many physicists if you

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keep going in the same direction then

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you will end up where you are where you

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started after a very very long amount of

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time obviously and the same thing would

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happen to the second dimension if it's

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just a square and then you extend it

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very very slightly and a curve and it

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will eventually make a sphere and the

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same thing happens in our dimension

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except it will form a very very slightly

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curved third dimension which will form a

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four dimensional universe basically so

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what this kind of means is that our

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three-dimensional world is within a four

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dimensional world and the four

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dimensional worlds within the fifth

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dimensional world and so on now I did

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say that nothing can be truly infinite

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but if this is true and I dimension is

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really within another dimension within

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another dimension within

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dimension then I'm implying that there's

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an infinite amount of dimensions which

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is the only problem I really have with

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the Serie I'm not sure if it ever stops

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or if infinite infinity is really even

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possible we don't know that thanks for

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watching my video and I hope this gives

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you a better idea of what the fourth

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dimension is

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四次元空間三次元視覚数学物理学次元の曲率テセラクト時間無限宇宙
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