PPST DOMAIN 1: CONTENT KNOWLEDGE AND PEDAGOGY | Dr Carl Balita

Summary

The video script delves into the Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers (PPST), emphasizing the critical role of content knowledge and pedagogy as the core competency for teachers. It discusses the importance of developmentally appropriate and meaningful teaching, highlighting the need for a curriculum that is interconnected within and across subjects. The script underscores the significance of proficient language use, effective communication, teaching strategies, and technology integration in the teaching process. It also touches on the necessity of grounding teaching in research and evidence-based practices. The video encourages teachers to focus on higher-order thinking skills, differentiating instruction to meet the diverse needs of students, and ensuring that teaching is both purposeful and contextualized to enhance meaningful learning.

Takeaways

• 🎓 **Content Knowledge and Pedagogy**: This is the core competency for teachers, encompassing both the subject matter and the methods of teaching.
• 🌟 **Developmentally Appropriate Teaching**: Teaching should be tailored to the developmental stages of students, from preschool to adolescence.
• 📚 **Application of Theories and Practice**: Teachers should apply educational theories and practices, grounded in research, to their teaching methods.
• 🌐 **Proficient Language Use**: Proficiency in the mother tongue (Filipino) and English is essential for effective communication in teaching.
• 🤝 **Interconnected Curriculum**: The curriculum should be seen as interconnected, both within and across subjects, for a holistic learning experience.
• 📈 **Spiral Integration**: Subjects are repeated across grades but increase in depth and application, known as vertical and horizontal integration.
• 💬 **Communication Skills**: Teachers must understand and effectively use verbal and non-verbal communication, including body language and feedback.
• 📊 **Teaching Strategies**: Utilizing various teaching strategies is crucial and should align with the practice of educational theories.
• 💡 **Use of Technology**: Teachers should be familiar with technology integration, from entry to transformation, as outlined in the Technology Integration Matrix.
• 🧠 **Higher Order Thinking Skills**: Focus on developing students' critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving abilities rather than just memorization.
• 📝 **Research-Based Teaching**: Teaching should be evidence-based, combining research findings with a teacher's expertise to benefit student learning.

Q & A

What is the Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers (PPST)?

The PPST is a set of professional standards for teachers in the Philippines that includes seven domains, with the first and most important being content knowledge and pedagogy. It is designed to address the changing educational landscape, including the introduction of K-12, ASEAN integration, and globalization.

Why is content knowledge and pedagogy considered the heart of teaching?

Content knowledge and pedagogy are at the core of teaching because they encompass the essential elements of what and how teachers educate their students. Content knowledge is the subject matter expertise, while pedagogy involves the methods and strategies used to facilitate learning.

What does 'developmentally appropriate' mean in the context of teaching?

Developmentally appropriate refers to teaching methods and content that are suitable for the students' age, developmental level, and individual learning needs. It ensures that the teaching strategies and materials are matched to the students' cognitive and emotional readiness.

Why is the application of theories and practices in teaching important?

The application of theories and practices is crucial as it bridges the gap between academic knowledge and real-world teaching scenarios. It allows teachers to implement evidence-based strategies and methodologies that have been proven effective through research.

How does the use of the mother tongue in early education benefit students?

Using the mother tongue in early education helps develop a child's thinking in their native language before transitioning to English. This approach supports the development of cognitive skills and ensures that children understand and can apply what they learn in a meaningful way.

What is the significance of the interconnected curriculum in the PPST?

An interconnected curriculum emphasizes the integration of subject matter both within a single subject (vertical integration) and across different subjects (horizontal integration). This approach helps students see the relevance and connections between different areas of knowledge.

What are the key components of effective communication in teaching?

Effective communication in teaching involves the exchange of meaning between the teacher (sender) and the students (receiver). It includes verbal and non-verbal cues, the use of appropriate media and channels, and the importance of feedback to ensure understanding.

How does technology play a role in the modern teaching process?

Technology enhances teaching by providing new tools and resources for instruction. It is integrated into the curriculum through various levels, from entry to transformation, and is a part of the TPACK (Technology Pedagogy Content Knowledge) model, which highlights the intersection of technology, pedagogy, and content knowledge.

Why is it important for teachers to be proficient in both Filipino and English?

Proficiency in both Filipino and English allows teachers to communicate effectively with a diverse student population and to deliver instruction in the medium most appropriate for the content and the students' language proficiency. It also aligns with the constitutional mandate for using Filipino and English as media of instruction.

What is the role of research in grounding the theories and practices of teaching?

Research plays a critical role in the development of educational theories and practices. It provides evidence-based insights that teachers can apply in their classrooms. Research also informs the continuous evolution of teaching methods, ensuring they remain effective and relevant.

How does a teacher ensure that their teaching is purposeful and meaningful?

A teacher ensures purposeful and meaningful teaching by focusing on higher-order thinking skills, developing metacognitive abilities in students, and making learning contextualized and applicable to real-life situations. It also involves differentiating instruction to meet the diverse needs of students.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Content Knowledge and Pedagogy as Core Competency

The first paragraph emphasizes the importance of the Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers (PPST), particularly the domain of content knowledge and pedagogy. It stresses that content knowledge is fundamental and pedagogy is the heart of teaching. The speaker discusses the need for teaching to be developmentally appropriate and meaningful. They also highlight the necessity of applying theories and practices in teaching, which should be grounded in research. The proficient use of the mother tongue (Filipino) and English, along with communication skills and technology, are also covered. The interconnectedness of the curriculum and the purposefulness of pedagogy and content knowledge are summarized in a mind map to provide a visual representation of the first domain.

05:03

🌐 Application of Theories and Interconnected Curriculum

The second paragraph delves into the application of theories and practices in teaching and the importance of grounding them in research. It also touches on the curriculum's interconnectedness, both within and across subjects, and the concept of spiral integration. Communication is explored as an exchange of meaning between a sender and a receiver, emphasizing the teacher's role in encoding messages and the importance of feedback. Teaching strategies and technology are mentioned as separate topics for discussion. The paragraph concludes with the assertion that understanding these elements is crucial for competency in teaching.

10:03

👥 Proficient Use of Language and Developmental Approaches

The third paragraph discusses the rationale behind the use of the mother tongue from kindergarten to grade three in the K-12 curriculum, emphasizing the development of thinking before language proficiency. The paragraph also covers the importance of meaningful and contextualized learning that is applicable in the child's life. Developmental milestones and theories such as Freud's psychosexual theory, Erikson's psychosocial theory, and Piaget's cognitive theory are mentioned. Differentiated instruction is introduced as a method to cater to the diverse needs of students, and the teacher's role in fostering higher-order thinking skills is highlighted.

15:03

💡 Purposeful Teaching and Theories of Teaching

This paragraph underscores the purposefulness of teaching, focusing on the metacognitive abilities and higher-order thinking skills of children. It emphasizes that a teacher must understand and be able to develop critical and creative thinking in students. The paragraph also discusses various teaching theories and the distinction between teaching as a science (backed by theories) and an art (evolving through practice). The process of research in teaching is outlined, from conceptualization to dissemination, and the importance of evidence-based teaching is stressed.

20:05

🌟 Summary of Content Knowledge and Pedagogy

The final paragraph summarizes the key points discussed in the video script related to content knowledge and pedagogy. It reiterates the interconnectedness of the curriculum, the art of communication, teaching strategies, and the use of technology. The importance of using the mother tongue and English as languages of instruction is highlighted, as well as the necessity for teaching to be meaningful, contextualized, and developmentally appropriate. The paragraph concludes with a call to action for teachers to engage in differentiated instruction and to focus on developing students' ability to think metacognitively and critically.

Keywords

💡Content Knowledge and Pedagogy

Content Knowledge and Pedagogy is the core of teaching, encompassing both the subject matter expertise and the methods and strategies used for teaching. In the video, it is emphasized as the heart of being a teacher and is crucial for effective instruction. It is related to the video's theme as it is the foundation upon which a teacher builds their practice, including understanding developmental stages and applying theories and practices grounded in research.

💡Developmentally Appropriate

Developmentally appropriate refers to teaching methods and content that are suitable for the cognitive, emotional, social, and physical development of learners at a certain stage of their growth. The video stresses the importance of making teaching meaningful and relevant to the developmental milestones of students, which is key to effective pedagogy.

💡Meaningful Learning

Meaningful learning is an educational approach where students are able to connect new information to what they already know and can apply this knowledge in a practical context. The video discusses how teaching should be contextualized to make learning meaningful, which involves making it applicable in the real world and relevant to the student's life.

💡Proficient Use of Language

Proficient use of language in the context of the video means that teachers should be highly skilled in using the mother tongue (Filipino) and English for effective communication and instruction. It is highlighted as a necessary skill for teachers to convey information clearly and to engage students in the learning process.

💡Communication

Communication is the exchange of information between a sender and a receiver. In the video, it is discussed as a vital skill for teachers to master, as it involves not just verbal but also non-verbal cues, and the ability to encode and decode messages effectively. Good communication is essential for conveying ideas and feedback in the classroom.

💡Teaching Strategies

Teaching strategies are the specific methods or techniques that educators use to facilitate learning. The video emphasizes the importance of understanding and applying various teaching strategies that align with the theories of teaching and the practical needs of students, which is part of the art and science of teaching.

💡Technology Integration

Technology integration refers to the process of incorporating technology into the classroom to enhance teaching and learning. The video discusses the TPACK model (Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge) and the Technology Integration Matrix, which outlines levels of technology use from entry to transformation, highlighting the importance of being familiar with modern tools and their effective use in education.

💡Interconnected Curriculum

An interconnected curriculum is one where different subjects and areas of study are linked and build upon each other. The video talks about the importance of understanding the connections within and across different subjects, which is part of the spiral integration approach, where subjects are repeated with increasing depth and application.

💡Differentiated Instruction

Differentiated instruction is an educational approach that provides students with different learning experiences based on their readiness, interest, and learning profile. The video mentions that teachers should be familiar with this concept to cater to the diverse needs of students in their classrooms.

💡Metacognitive Ability

Metacognitive ability refers to the student's ability to think about their own thinking, to be aware of and regulate their cognitive processes. The video stresses that teachers should focus on developing these higher-order thinking skills in students, which is crucial for fostering critical and creative thinking.

💡Evidence-Based Teaching

Evidence-based teaching is an approach that integrates research findings, a teacher's expertise, and an understanding of students' needs to inform instructional practice. The video discusses how grounding teaching in research evidence is essential for effective teaching, as it ensures that practices are data-informed and student-centered.

Highlights

The Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers (PPST) is crucial due to changes in education, such as the K-12 system, ASEAN integration, and globalization.

Content knowledge and pedagogy are central to being a teacher, with pedagogy being the heart of teaching.

Teaching should be developmentally appropriate and meaningful, aligning with the developmental milestones of students.

The application of theories and practices in teaching is emphasized, grounded in research.

Proficient use of the mother tongue (Filipino) and English is necessary for effective communication in teaching.

Teachers need to be familiar with communication strategies, including verbal and non-verbal cues.

Teaching strategies are essential, and teachers should not just prepare for tests but develop competencies in knowledge, skills, and attitudes.

The use of technology in teaching is important, with an understanding of the TPACK model (Technology, Pedagogy, and Content Knowledge).

The mother tongue is used from kindergarten to grade three to develop thinking before language transition, as it is the language of thinking.

Meaningful learning is contextualized and applicable in the life of the child, which is the essence of developmentally appropriate teaching.

Differentiated instruction is necessary to cater to the diverse needs of students in a multilingual classroom.

Teachers should focus on developing higher-order thinking skills such as critical thinking and creativity in students.

Understanding various teaching theories and their practical application is vital for the evolving science of teaching.

Research is a key component in teaching, with a process that includes conceptualization, design, empirical data collection, analysis, and dissemination.

The curriculum should be seen as interconnected, not as standalone subjects, with spiral integration being vertical and horizontal.

The importance of feedback in the communication process is highlighted, often a neglected part of teaching.

The role of the teacher is to guide students in metacognitive thinking and prepare them for critical and creative thinking.

Evidence-based teaching is encouraged, combining research evidence with a teacher's expertise for student benefit.

Transcripts

in the earlier episode we talked about

the philippine professional standards

for teachers which is the ppst

and we rationalized over the need for it

considering that things have changed

k-12 is here asean integration posted

globalization is just around the corner

and i presented to you

the seven domains and these domains

include the first one the most important

i think of them all

is the content knowledge and pedagogy

okay because content knowledge is what's

right here and pedagogy is the heart of

teaching and this is the reason why we

have this episode

content knowledge

and pedagogy

will be

one of the core competency of

of being a teacher

as you all know when you speak of

pedagogy that means that is the heart of

teaching

okay that is the heart

of teaching

all right and if you want to understand

the part of teaching you have to know

that that should be

developmentally appropriate

okay developmentally appropriate and of

course it has to be

meaningful

okay i will go to the details of this

later on another thing you have to

remember in as far as the

uh the first domain is concerned is the

fact that it is all about the

application

it's about the application

of the theories

and also the application of the practice

of teaching okay we will also go into

that

in fact when you study the ppst

you will get to immerse yourself with

the responsibility to understand

every bit of information that you can

find in the strands of each domain

aside from that if application of

theories and practice is the concern you

have to remember and you have to be

reminded that

therefore it should be grounded

it should be grounded

on

the big word

research

okay and we'll talk about that later

that's why don't don't

don't be surprised if there will be a

lot of questions in the board related to

research and

of course because of that you should

have your proficient use

it's not only the use but it is the

proficient use of

the mother tongue

filipino

and

english okay that's another one so

there's the proficient use of those

languages okay the the means by which we

teach um it's the proficient use of the

mother tongue filipino and english and

of course

you should also be familiar with the use

of

communication

okay you should know how to communicate

you should be able to know how to use

teaching strategies

and finally you should know how to use

technology right now if you are really

um a good teacher

you you know all of these but you

understand very well

you will understand very well that there

is a need for the inter-connectedness

okay of the

curriculum okay the inter-connectedness

of the curriculum where you talk about

within the curriculum and

across

the curriculum and having said all of

these

you have to remember

that the pedagogy and the content

knowledge you have should be

purposeful

okay

let me summarize what i have just placed

in a mind map

as i present to you the first domain

which is content knowledge and pedagogy

we talked about it is the heart of

teaching and therefore

you should know very well it has to be

developmentally appropriate it should be

meaningful that art of teaching you

should be proficient in the use of the

mother tongue filipino in english you

should know how to use communication the

teaching strategies and technology

you should also be

able to apply the theories and the

practice of teaching

and therefore if you want to be uh to

really believe in the theories and

application and practice of teaching

then it should be grounded in research

okay and finally there should be a

curriculum that is interconnected within

and across all right and don't miss the

fact that you need to communicate the

teaching strategies and the technology

i'll go to each of these one by one

all right teachers who understand

the uh

content knowledge in pedagogy should be

able to you know interconnect

the curricular areas

and it's specific in the ppst that it

should be within and across

this is where you have to be familiar

with the spiral integration or

articulation spiral it goes like that

the subject is repeated repeated and

repeated the subjects are repeated and

repeated but are increasing in depth and

in application for example there is

addition in grade 1 as there is addition

in grade 12 but that same addition as

repeated all throughout the k-12 is

deepening in its application and and

context when you say horizontal

horizontal horizontal is you cross from

one subject to another in the same given

time meaning for example the learnings

in algebra converts

you know the dollar and peso exchange

rate

in the study of economics something like

that so that becomes you know horizontal

uh articulation of horizontal

integration it can be vertical when the

subjects over time is deepening for

example you go you go algebra you go

physics you go

trigonometry and that that depends it so

that's when you're

integra interconnecting the curriculum

within and across

all right

now the next will be the use of

communication as you can see

communication is the exchange of my

world of meaning with your world of

meaning you know communication is when

you have a sender and that sender

okay of course uh

communicates with the receiver and that

sender uses

a medium

all right

and uh and of course there it uses a

channel

all right and that the

receiver will provide for the feedback

and that communication channel happens

in a context

okay a teacher should be able to know

this very well you know the the verbal

versus non verbal

you know the

the para language you know the use of

body movements and so on this should all

be we should all be understood by the

teacher and the the role of the sender

is the encoder of the message using a

channel and of course the receiver will

decode and will provide for the feedback

and uh the exam will always test if you

understand that feedback is always

almost always the most neglected part of

the communication process so that goes

for

that use of communication now as to the

teaching strategies we will have a

separate discussion on that that is the

reason why

in cbrc i don't want people to just be

preparing for the test

by

just reading questions and familiarizing

cells with how

the question should be asked and what

are the options and the familiar answer

among the four options so that's only

reviewing to the test i keep on

repeating that because if you really

want to become a teacher you should

review for your competencies not only in

the level of knowledge but in the level

of skills and in the level of attitude

and habits the ksa h of competencies and

finally the use of technology now with

regards to the use of technology you

would always

you will always be always be reminded

you will always be reminded of the three

interacting elements in

in the modern times

okay

there is a competency that we are

talking about that's the content

okay the content competency

okay

or the content

knowledge

all right then you also have aside from

that the pedagogical knowledge

and you have the technological

knowledge this is where you have to be

familiar with what you call the tpack

model technology pedagogy

okay content knowledge the tpac model

you have to be familiar as well with the

the matrix the integration matrix the

technology integration matrix where

there is entry

adoption

adaptation there is uh infusion and of

course there is transformation i repeat

that that's the five levels

in the

technology integration matrix where the

first one is entry the other one is

adoption then adaptation then infusion

then transformation

in the review we will go deeper into

understanding each together with the

whether it's active or whether it's

already goal directed or goal-oriented

across the

curriculum the next element of content

knowledge and pedagogy is the proficient

use of the mother tongue the filipino in

english you might be wondering why the

k-12 actually prescribed that from

kinder to up to grade three there is the

use of the mother tongue many of those

who come from the old school would

assert that why is that so you know we

should learn english in the early as

possible because english is the

the universal language and why do you

have to go to the mother tongue when in

one classroom there are possibly several

mother tongues spoken by

by by the children some children are

actually having the mother tongue of

english

tagalog some would have visaya and so on

and the teacher is just there the

teacher may not be able to speak all

those uh madrid languages you know

that's going to be

an area of debate but you know the logic

behind the use of the mother tongue from

kinder to grade 3 in the k-12 curriculum

is because

they want to develop the thinking first

before the language

because the language of the thinking is

the mother tongue and therefore a young

child who is thinking in filipino

will have to develop that thinking in

filipino before the child actually

shifts from filipino to english and that

goes not only to writing or reading but

that starts with thinking that's why

there is that use of the mother tongue

of course the constitution prescribes

that we can use filipino english as

medium of instruction in the classroom

okay now

all right as we continue the heart of

teaching in pedagogy should be

meaningful and remember this it can only

be meaningful learning can only be

meaningful if it is contextualized

repeat that it's contextualized and when

you say contextualized that means it's

has useful application in the life of a

child in their lives they're able to

apply what they know they're able to

relate

into what they know okay and that's why

it should be meaningful and by

meaningful it means it is contextualized

by contextualized it means it is

applicable in the life of the child okay

and of course the developmental

milestones

okay of the preschooler to the schooler

to adolescents this should all be

you know very very easy for you because

you have to understand it as a teacher

from from the

from the toddler that you may have in

the preschool you know to the early

schooler age you know

and later on the trust versus mistrust

the autonomy versus shame and doubt they

know the the initiative versus guilt the

industry versus inferiority the identity

versus role confusion and so on you have

to be very familiar with that the

colbert's theory you know the

the all of those all all of those

elements you can learn more about that

in the review but don't forget to at

least study the four the freud from the

oral to the anal you know to the to the

other person to the phallic and latency

and so on you have to remember those

ericsson psychosocial theory kolberg's

moral development theory and of course

piaget psja's cognitive theory and

related to that will be the discussion

about the iq the formula of the iq

the the elements of the eq that's

introduced by goldman

okay

and of course the uh adversity quotient

the aq

and the spirituality quotient or the sq

all of this will have to be uh detailed

to you in the review

okay now that's to be developmentally

appropriate now

related to this if you want to be

developmentally and appropriate and

meaningful don't miss the concept you

have to

always bear in mind the concept of

differentiated

differentiated

instruction

okay therefore your instruction has to

be differentiated all right

uh imagine at the classroom that i

described earlier with the use of the

mother tongue uh that's why it's called

the mother tongue-based multilingual

education because you know there's there

are differences

in in how they actually think and in how

they use the mother tongue

in the way they communicate and the way

they learn okay

now

another concept you have to be familiar

with with the

content knowledge and pedagogy is that

it has to be purposeful it has to be

purposeful and therefore the thinking of

the child should be your priority

metacognitive ability

of the child should be developed and

that's why a teacher who does not

understand how to think about thinking

or lacks the critical thinking or lacks

the creative thinking is probably a

teacher who will not be effective in

developing this to a child why because

you cannot teach something you do not

have and i want that very very clear

if you have to teach and if you want to

be proposive in the way you're teaching

content and you're using pedagogy as the

heart of what you do in the classroom

you have to remember that you have to

focus on the higher order thinking

skills

you have to develop

critical thinking you have to develop

creativity okay and that's a favor you

will do the child because you know

memorization and just comprehension are

lower

order thinking skills but you want to go

higher

okay you want to go higher than that

okay you want them to be able to

analyze

you of course apply first then analyze

okay then synthesize and evaluate you

want them to go higher you want the

children to be able to create okay not

only to memorize after all what's the

point of memorizing things when google

makes it very accessible and available

for all of us

now when you speak of the theories and

practice of teaching you have to

understand all the teaching theories

okay you have to be very very familiar

with all the theories of teaching and

learning which will come handy to you

when you review and of course the

practice

how do you practice that you would

notice that the theories makes teaching

a science

and the practice makes teaching an art

therefore teaching becomes both a

science and an art if you will be asked

in the board exam why what makes

teaching

science the answer is because it is

backed up by theories now what developed

theories

what developed theories are actually the

practice

okay and the the practice became

researched

and the research becomes theories and

the theories now guide practice and

that's the three sources of knowledge

in teaching making it a science i repeat

that the practice of teaching is

subjected to research and research now

creates the theories and the theories

now guide

the practice and that's where the

evolving science of teaching

come in and the art of teaching is uh

you know done

in its practice because the art of

teaching is something that develops over

time and that's why from the beginning

teacher to a proficient teacher to a

highly proficient teacher to a

distinguished teacher it takes time

because the practice of teaching evolves

over time and when you speak of research

of course

the review will also provide you with a

lot of information about the

the process of research you know the

discipline of research from the

conceptual phase to the design phase to

the empirical phase

okay to the application and of course to

the analysis rather and the

dissemination i repeat that that's the

process of research the first one is the

conceptualization phase when you

conceptualize identify the problem look

into look into the knowledge that are

already available related literature

that gives you depth into

the knowledge or that you don't know if

you're not just repeating the research

that not that information is already

made available

so you define the problem so that you

know exactly what you what you're

looking for then the design will talk

about how you will sample what

instruments you will use what type of

research are you using that's the design

phase then of course you've got the data

empirical data that then once the data

and information are available you you

analyze them and then you summarize

everything so that you can disseminate

these are the processes of theories i

mean of research then you would have the

quantitative versus qualitative

researches you have to be very familiar

with that what is an action research you

know what what are all of these this

will all be tackled during the review

process okay

so

to summarize the first domain of the

ppst is content knowledge and pedagogy

it's what's right here what is your

what's the what's the level of your

content knowledge and are you ready to

teach and in this you

realize that the curriculum is not a

standalone per subject curricula but

it's actually interconnected within and

across this is where we talked about the

spiral vertical and horizontal

integration

the use of communication as an art of

exchanging meanings between the sender

and

and the receiver and the flow of

information decoding and encoding in a

continuous process

there and the teaching strategies

related to the practice of the theories

and the art of teaching of course and

the technology where you talk about uh

you know the difference between

digitized then digitalize and digital

transformation all of these

you know the

the matrix okay where you enter that's

there's entry there's adoption there's

adaptation there's infusion there's

transformation okay you want to

understand that you also want you need

to understand the feedback model whereas

there's technology

uh knowledge there is pedagogical

knowledge and there is the

content knowledge the proficient use of

the mother tongue being the the language

of thinking filipino and english

being there we talked about that in gen

ed and the heart of teaching being

meaningful if it is contextualized or if

it is something that a child can use in

his life and uh you know developmentally

appropriate putting into consideration

the development theories that i

mentioned earlier

if the teacher knows how to use the you

know the art the heart of teaching

meaningfully and developmentally

appropriate then there she she will be

uh

using differentiated instruction or

differentiated teaching and it has to be

purposeful if you want it purposeful you

have to look forward to what the child

would be after that experience with your

learning journey

and this is where you teach the child

how to think metacognitively

this is where you want the child to be

to be ready for critical thinking you

want the child to to think in the higher

order you're not limiting it to

memorization and you're not limiting it

only to the comprehension

but you want application

okay you want analysis you want

synthesis you want evaluation you want

the child to be able to create

and therefore we talked about the

application of the theories and the

practice citing that you know the

theories make teaching the

science and the practice makes teaching

an art and such theory comes this is

derived from research which subjects

practice into this discipline of of

a research process leading to theories

that would guide practice it has to be

grounded in research and that's why

there is also a use of the concept of

evidence-based teaching evidence-based

teaching

is when you use the research evidence

with your

expertise but having in mind your

students as the beneficiary of the

research you read about or the research

you perform and learn about

and the expertise achieved over the

years of studying and of teaching

and then with the end in mind that the

child is able to learn

so thank you so much for watching this

important

domain number one of the ppst

content knowledge and pedagogy you watch

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