¿Qué son las TÉCNICAS DE INVESTIGACIÓN? Tipos, características y ejemplos

Summary

This video provides a comprehensive overview of research techniques, detailing both quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative research focuses on numerical data and statistical analysis, using techniques like surveys, correlational studies, causal-comparative studies, and experimental studies. In contrast, qualitative research delves into understanding human behavior and experiences through methods such as observation, ethnography, case studies, and narrative analysis. Each technique is explained with examples, highlighting their applications and differences, emphasizing the importance of selecting the right method based on the research problem and objectives.

Takeaways

• 😀 Research techniques are processes and tools used to study phenomena, enabling data collection, examination, and presentation of information to gain new knowledge.
• 😀 The choice of research technique depends on the problem to be solved and the research objectives, making this a critical step in the research process.
• 😀 Quantitative research focuses on objectivity and empirical data, often numerical, to establish causal relationships between variables.
• 😀 Quantitative research methods include surveys, correlational studies, causal-comparative studies, and experimental studies.
• 😀 Surveys collect data through questionnaires designed to measure characteristics of a population using statistical methods.
• 😀 Correlational studies determine the degree of relationship between two or more variables in a population, using statistical methods to identify positive or negative correlations.
• 😀 Causal-comparative studies explore cause-and-effect relationships, classified as retrospective (analyzing past effects) or prospective (evaluating future outcomes).
• 😀 Experimental studies involve formulating a hypothesis, controlling variables, and testing the effects on a population or sample to confirm or reject the hypothesis.
• 😀 Qualitative research aims to understand and interpret social interactions, providing detailed descriptions of people, places, and communities, especially when sensitive or social issues are involved.
• 😀 Key qualitative research techniques include observation, bibliographic research, ethnographic studies, phenomenological research, grounded theory, narrative methods, visualization techniques, and case studies.
• 😀 Observation in qualitative research can be participant (researcher involved in the group) or non-participant (researcher observes without involvement), and is critical for data collection in early stages of research.
• 😀 Bibliographic research reviews existing literature to support the investigation, avoid repeating past studies, and establish a theoretical framework for the study.
• 😀 Ethnographic studies focus on understanding cultural behaviors, beliefs, and practices within specific groups, useful for studying diverse societies or specific cultural units.
• 😀 Phenomenological studies explore human experiences, seeking to understand how individuals interpret and make sense of their challenges and realities.
• 😀 Grounded theory develops theories based on data collected during the research process, and is applied across fields like healthcare and education to address specific issues.
• 😀 Narrative methods focus on how individuals tell their stories, revealing their meanings, while visualization methods involve using diagrams or images to represent problems or concepts.
• 😀 Case studies involve in-depth examination of one individual or institution, providing a comprehensive understanding, particularly useful in psychology for complex cases requiring detailed analysis.

Q & A

What are research techniques, and why are they important?

Research techniques are processes and instruments used to study a phenomenon. They help collect, examine, and present information to achieve the main goal of any research, which is acquiring new knowledge. The choice of the right technique depends on the problem to be solved and the objectives of the study.

What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research?

Quantitative research focuses on objectivity and empirical data, generating numerical information to establish cause-and-effect relationships. Qualitative research, on the other hand, aims to understand and interpret social interactions and contexts, providing descriptions of scenarios, people, and communities.

What are the four main techniques used in quantitative research?

The four main techniques in quantitative research are surveys, correlational studies, causal-comparative studies, and experimental studies.

What is the purpose of surveys in quantitative research?

Surveys are used to collect data through questionnaires designed to measure characteristics of a population, using statistical methods for analysis.

What do correlational studies aim to determine?

Correlational studies aim to determine the degree of relationship between two or more variables within a population. These relationships can be positive or negative, depending on whether both variables increase or decrease together.

How do causal-comparative studies differ from correlational studies?

Causal-comparative studies seek to discover cause-and-effect relationships by analyzing the timing of events. They can be retrospective, analyzing past effects, or prospective, studying causes before the effects occur.

What is the role of hypothesis in experimental studies?

In experimental studies, the researcher begins with a hypothesis, which is an assertion that can be tested. The researcher controls certain variables and evaluates the effects to prove or reject the hypothesis.

What is the main objective of qualitative research?

The main objective of qualitative research is to understand and interpret social interactions, leading to descriptions of individuals, groups, or communities in their natural context.

What is the significance of observational techniques in qualitative research?

Observation is a key technique in qualitative research, used to gather information about a phenomenon or situation. It can be participant (where the researcher is part of the study) or non-participant (where the researcher observes from the outside).

What is the purpose of bibliographic research in qualitative studies?

Bibliographic research is used to explore existing literature on a topic, providing support for the research work, avoiding duplication, and establishing a theoretical framework for the study.

What is an ethnographic study, and when is it used?

An ethnographic study is used to analyze the patterns of behavior, beliefs, and life conditions of a group. It's useful for studying diverse groups or communities, especially in anthropology and sociology.

How does phenomenological research contribute to qualitative studies?

Phenomenological research focuses on analyzing daily human experiences, aiming to understand the meanings individuals assign to their challenges and problems.

What is the role of case studies in research?

Case studies involve an in-depth examination of an individual or institution. They are often used in psychology to explore complex issues in detail, providing insights through intensive analysis of specific cases.