PEMBUATAN OBAT DARI MIKROORGANISME-PEMBUATAN ANTIBIOTIK PENISILIN

Summary

In this video, Azra Vino Rachman from Muhammadiyah Riau University discusses the process of producing antibiotics from microorganisms, focusing on penicillin. The history of penicillin's discovery by Sir Alexander Fleming in 1928 is highlighted, emphasizing its antagonistic properties against harmful bacteria. The video outlines several stages in penicillin production, including the regeneration of *Penicillium chrysogenum*, bacterial activation, fermentation, and testing antibiotic activity. Each step is detailed with specific conditions, such as temperature and agitation rates, showcasing the meticulous approach required in antibiotic production. The final assessment of antibiotic effectiveness is illustrated through the measurement of inhibition zones.

Takeaways

• 😀 Antibiotics are substances produced by microorganisms that inhibit the growth of other microorganisms.
• 🧪 Penicillin was discovered by Sir Alexander Fleming in 1928 through an accidental observation of mold inhibiting bacterial growth.
• 🔬 The mold species *Penicillium notatum* and *Penicillium chrysogenum* are responsible for penicillin production.
• 🌡️ The production of penicillin involves several stages, starting with the regeneration of the mold in a sterile medium.
• 🕒 The mold is incubated at 30°C for seven days to allow for growth before further processes.
• 💡 Test bacteria are also regenerated in a sterile medium at 37°C for 48 hours to prepare for antibiotic activity testing.
• 🚀 Activation of the mold involves suspending it in sterile water and incubating it with shaking at 120 rpm for 20 hours.
• 🔄 The fermentation stage lasts for 240 hours at 28°C, where samples are taken every 24 hours for analysis.
• ⚖️ The determination of dry cell weight is crucial for assessing the effectiveness of the antibiotic production process.
• 📏 Antibiotic activity is tested by measuring the clear zones around samples in agar, with larger zones indicating greater effectiveness.

Q & A

What is the main focus of Azra Vino Rachman's presentation?

The main focus is on the process of antibiotic production from microorganisms, specifically highlighting penicillin.

What defines antibiotics?

Antibiotics are substances produced by microorganisms that inhibit the growth of or kill other microorganisms.

Who discovered penicillin, and when?

Penicillin was discovered by Sir Alexander Fleming in 1928.

How did Sir Alexander Fleming discover penicillin?

He accidentally observed that mold growing in a petri dish had killed the surrounding bacteria, which led to the identification of penicillin's antibacterial properties.

What are the initial steps in the production of penicillin?

The initial steps involve the regeneration of Penicillium chrysogenum and the regeneration of test bacteria.

What conditions are used to incubate the Penicillium culture?

The Penicillium culture is incubated at 30°C for seven days on a sterilized agar medium.

What is the significance of the fermentation stage in penicillin production?

The fermentation stage allows for the growth of the activated culture in a specific medium, which is crucial for penicillin production.

How is the dry weight of the culture determined?

The dry weight is determined by centrifuging the samples, washing them, and drying the residue in an oven at 70°C until a constant weight is achieved.

What method is used to test the activity of the antibiotic?

The antibiotic activity is tested by mixing the antibiotic suspension with agar, pouring it into petri dishes, and measuring the diameter of the clear zone formed around the antibiotic wells after incubation.

What does a larger clear zone around the antibiotic indicate?

A larger clear zone indicates higher antibiotic activity, meaning the antibiotic is more effective at inhibiting bacterial growth.