Pengantar Penelitian Eksperimen

Summary

The video presentation discusses experimental research within the realm of quantitative studies, highlighting the differences between experimental and survey research. It explains key characteristics of experimental research, such as manipulation, randomization, and control, and introduces concepts like independent, dependent, extraneous, and confounding variables. The presenter emphasizes the importance of ethical considerations in conducting experiments, including informed consent and the use of deception. By illustrating with examples from various fields, the presentation aims to clarify how experimental design can effectively measure cause-and-effect relationships, providing essential insights for researchers.

Takeaways

• 😀 Experimental research aims to determine the effect of a specific treatment on a group compared to another group with a different treatment.
• 📊 Experimental research is a type of quantitative research that differs from survey research by focusing on cause-and-effect relationships.
• 🔍 Key characteristics of experimental research include manipulation, random assignment, and control of variables.
• 🔄 Manipulation in experimental research refers to the intentional intervention by the researcher to observe its effects.
• 🎯 The independent variable is manipulated by the researcher, while the dependent variable is measured to assess the outcome.
• ⚖️ Extraneous variables are factors controlled by the researcher to prevent them from influencing the results, ensuring internal validity.
• 🚫 Confounding variables occur when extraneous variables are not adequately controlled, potentially skewing the results.
• 🔗 True experiments involve random assignment of participants to groups, while quasi-experiments do not, as participants are pre-assigned.
• 📝 Ethical considerations in experimental research include obtaining informed consent and ensuring the safety and well-being of participants.
• 📈 Measurement of dependent variables can utilize various methods, including self-reports, behavioral observations, and physiological measures.

Q & A

What is the primary purpose of experimental research?

The primary purpose of experimental research is to determine the effects of a specific treatment or manipulation on a group, compared to another group that receives a different treatment.

How does experimental research differ from survey research?

Experimental research involves the manipulation of variables to observe outcomes, while survey research focuses on describing trends or opinions without manipulation, typically using questionnaires.

What are the three main characteristics of experimental research?

The three main characteristics are manipulation, randomization (where participants have an equal chance of being assigned to any group), and control (to isolate effects and avoid interference from extraneous variables).

What is a true experiment?

A true experiment is a study in which participants are randomly assigned to groups, allowing for strong causal inferences regarding the effects of the manipulation.

What distinguishes a quasi-experiment from a true experiment?

A quasi-experiment differs from a true experiment in that it does not use random assignment, often due to practical constraints, making it less rigorous in establishing causal relationships.

Define independent and dependent variables in the context of experimental research.

The independent variable is the manipulated variable that is expected to cause an effect, while the dependent variable is the measured outcome that is affected by changes in the independent variable.

What are extraneous variables, and why are they important in experimental research?

Extraneous variables are factors that could potentially influence the dependent variable but are not the focus of the study. They are important to control to ensure that the results reflect the true effect of the independent variable.

What role do ethics play in experimental research?

Ethics in experimental research involve protecting participants from harm, ensuring informed consent, and conducting debriefing, especially when deception is used, to maintain the integrity of the research process.

What types of measurements can be used for dependent variables in experiments?

Measurements for dependent variables can include self-reports (like surveys or questionnaires), behavioral observations, and physiological measures (such as heart rate or brain activity).

Why is manipulation check important in experimental research?

Manipulation check is important to verify whether the manipulation applied to participants was effective and aligns with what was intended, ensuring the validity of the experimental results.