BERAKHIRNYA MASA ORDE BARU | Sejarah Indonesia

Summary

This video discusses the fall of Indonesia's New Order government under President Soeharto, highlighting the multidimensional crisis that led to its collapse between 1997 and 1998. It begins with the monetary crisis, followed by political, economic, social, and legal crises, which eroded public trust in the government. Corruption, inequality, and economic mismanagement worsened the situation, leading to nationwide protests. Students played a key role in the movement, which culminated in Soeharto’s resignation after 32 years in power. The video outlines these events, setting the stage for Indonesia's transition to the Reformation era.

Takeaways

• 📉 Indonesia experienced a multidimensional crisis between 1997 and 1998, starting with a monetary crisis as the Rupiah fell drastically against the U.S. dollar.
• 💸 The economic crisis led to the collapse of many banks and businesses, resulting in mass layoffs and shortages of basic goods.
• 🗳️ In the political sphere, the re-election of President Soeharto in 1997 sparked widespread discontent due to corruption, nepotism, and the lack of democratic freedom.
• ⚖️ Social unrest escalated due to economic inequality, with anti-Chinese riots erupting as tensions rose against the Chinese-Indonesian community.
• ⚠️ The legal system under the New Order regime was weak and often manipulated, with corruption and lack of justice being prevalent.
• 💔 Public trust in President Soeharto diminished due to increasing corruption, collusion, and nepotism, widening the gap between the wealthy and the poor.
• 🚨 Student-led demonstrations across Indonesia, starting in Jakarta, demanded Soeharto's resignation and called for major political reforms.
• 🔫 The Trisakti tragedy, where four university students were killed during protests, became a pivotal moment in the push for reform.
• 📜 Despite reshuffling his cabinet, President Soeharto failed to appease the public or the government, and 14 ministers called for his resignation.
• 👋 On May 21, 1998, Soeharto officially resigned, marking the end of his 32-year rule and the beginning of the reform era under his successor, BJ Habibie.

Q & A

What initiated the multidimensional crisis in Indonesia during 1997-1998?

The multidimensional crisis in Indonesia was initiated by the monetary crisis, marked by a sharp decline in the value of the rupiah against the US dollar. This economic downturn triggered crises in other sectors, including politics, social stability, and law.

How did the monetary crisis affect the Indonesian banking system?

The monetary crisis caused a collapse in Indonesia's banking system, as banks could no longer support the real sector or businesses. Many banks were forced to close, exacerbating the economic turmoil.

What was the political landscape in Indonesia leading up to the end of the New Order government?

In 1997, the political landscape was unstable, with Golkar winning the general election and Soeharto being re-elected as president for the seventh time. However, there was widespread discontent due to political repression and corruption, which fueled the political crisis.

Why did the Indonesian people lose trust in President Soeharto's government?

The Indonesian people lost trust in President Soeharto's government due to widespread corruption, collusion, nepotism (KKN), and the failure to address the economic and social inequalities in the country. The New Order's inability to promote democracy and uphold justice further eroded public confidence.

What were the social impacts of the multidimensional crisis in Indonesia?

The social impacts of the crisis included widespread unemployment, increased poverty, and social unrest. Riots and looting, especially targeting ethnic Chinese communities, were rampant as the crisis worsened.

What role did students play in the demand for reform in Indonesia?

Students played a critical role in demanding reform. They organized large-scale demonstrations across the country, particularly in Jakarta and other major cities, calling for Soeharto’s resignation, the end of military involvement in politics, and the establishment of democratic reforms.

What was the significance of the Trisakti tragedy in 1998?

The Trisakti tragedy occurred during a student demonstration in Jakarta on May 12, 1998, when four students from Trisakti University were shot dead by security forces. This event galvanized nationwide protests and intensified the demand for Soeharto’s resignation.

How did President Soeharto respond to the reform demands before his resignation?

President Soeharto initially attempted to respond to reform demands by allowing the reform process to continue, reshuffling his cabinet, and promising to improve the government's performance. However, these efforts failed to placate the public or political elites.

What led to President Soeharto's decision to step down from power?

Soeharto's decision to step down was influenced by mounting pressure from students, the public, and even members of his own cabinet. A letter signed by 14 ministers urging him to resign, combined with ongoing protests, left him with no option but to step down.

When did President Soeharto officially resign, and who succeeded him?

President Soeharto officially resigned on May 21, 1998. He was succeeded by his vice president, BJ Habibie, who was immediately sworn in as the new president of Indonesia.