Penyakit Jantung Koroner (PJK) : Angina Pektoris Stabil Tidak Stabil dan Infark Miokard STEMI NSTEMI

Aura Nirwana

31 Mar 202103:12

Summary

TLDRCoronary heart disease (CHD) is a condition where the heart's function is compromised due to insufficient blood flow to the heart muscles. It can lead to conditions like angina pectoris, causing chest pain, and in severe cases, myocardial infarction or heart attack. CHD is often caused by the buildup of fat deposits (atherosclerosis) in the coronary arteries, which restricts blood flow. Symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, nausea, and fatigue. Major risk factors include smoking, high cholesterol, hypertension, and lack of physical activity. Preventive measures include regular health checkups, a healthy diet, exercise, and stress management.

Takeaways

💓 Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a heart condition caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscles.
⚠️ CHD consists of milder angina pectoris and more severe myocardial infarction (heart attack).
🔴 Angina pectoris is chest pain caused by damage to coronary arteries, often due to plaque or fat buildup (atherosclerosis).
⚡ CHD leads to ischemia, where the heart muscles don't receive enough oxygen, causing symptoms like chest pain radiating to the left shoulder.
🔍 Angina pectoris can be stable (pain during activity) or unstable (pain during rest).
⛔ If untreated, fat buildup can lead to severe blockages, resulting in myocardial infarction or a heart attack.
🩺 Heart attacks are categorized as ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) or non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).
📉 Common symptoms of CHD include palpitations, chest pain, nausea, shortness of breath, fatigue, dizziness, and headaches.
🧬 CHD risk factors include non-modifiable factors like age, gender, and genetics, and modifiable factors like smoking, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, unhealthy diet, stress, and excessive alcohol consumption.
🛡️ Preventing CHD involves regular health checkups, avoiding smoking, engaging in physical activity, eating a healthy diet, getting enough rest, and managing stress.

Q & A

What is Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)?
-Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is a condition where the heart's function is impaired due to insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle. It results from narrowed or blocked coronary arteries, often caused by fat buildup on artery walls, a process known as atherosclerosis.
What are the two forms of angina associated with CHD?
-The two forms of angina associated with CHD are stable angina, where chest pain occurs during physical activity, and unstable angina, where pain can occur both during activity and at rest.
What causes the pain in angina pectoris?
-Pain in angina pectoris is caused by the narrowing or blockage of coronary arteries, which reduces blood flow to the heart muscle (ischemia). This lack of oxygen triggers pain, usually in the chest and can radiate to the left shoulder.
What is the difference between ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) and Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)?
-STEMI is a more severe form of heart attack where there is a significant blockage of the coronary arteries, indicated by an elevation in the ST segment on an electrocardiogram (ECG). NSTEMI, while still serious, does not show this ST-segment elevation but can still cause significant heart damage.
What are some common symptoms of coronary heart disease?
-Common symptoms include chest pain (angina), palpitations, nausea and vomiting, shortness of breath, cold sweats, fatigue, dizziness, and headaches.
What are the modifiable risk factors for coronary heart disease?
-Modifiable risk factors include smoking, high cholesterol (dyslipidemia), hypertension, diabetes, lack of physical activity, being overweight, unhealthy diet, stress, and excessive alcohol consumption.
What are the non-modifiable risk factors for coronary heart disease?
-Non-modifiable risk factors include age, male gender, family history of heart disease, and genetic predisposition.
How can coronary heart disease be prevented?
-Prevention strategies include regular health check-ups, avoiding smoking, maintaining regular physical activity, eating a healthy and balanced diet, getting enough rest, and managing stress.
What is atherosclerosis, and how does it relate to coronary heart disease?
-Atherosclerosis is the gradual buildup of fat (plaque) on the walls of arteries, leading to their narrowing. This process restricts blood flow to the heart and is a major cause of coronary heart disease.
Why is coronary heart disease a significant health concern in Indonesia?
-In Indonesia, coronary heart disease is the second leading cause of death, following stroke. The high prevalence of risk factors such as smoking, unhealthy diet, and lack of physical activity contributes to its significance.

Outlines

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💔 Understanding Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)

Coronary heart disease (CHD), also known as coronary artery disease, is a condition where the heart’s muscle is compromised due to insufficient blood flow. It can manifest as angina pectoris, a mild form, or a more severe condition called myocardial infarction (heart attack). The disease occurs due to blockages in the coronary arteries, often caused by the buildup of fatty deposits, also known as atherosclerosis. Over time, the narrowing of arteries can lead to reduced oxygen supply to the heart muscle, resulting in ischemia and symptoms like chest pain radiating to the left shoulder, a condition commonly referred to as angina pectoris.

⚖️ Types of Angina Pectoris

Angina pectoris can be classified into stable and unstable types. Stable angina is triggered by physical activity and is somewhat predictable, while unstable angina can occur during rest and indicates a more dangerous blockage in the arteries. If the fat buildup continues to block the coronary arteries, it can cause severe oxygen deprivation to the heart muscle, leading to the death of heart tissue. This extreme condition is known as myocardial infarction, or heart attack. The condition can be further categorized into ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), both of which require further diagnostic tests like ECG and blood enzyme levels.

🚨 Symptoms and Risk Factors of CHD

Coronary heart disease presents several symptoms including palpitations, chest pain, nausea, vomiting, shortness of breath, cold sweats, fatigue, dizziness, and headaches. In Indonesia, CHD is the second leading cause of death after stroke. The risk factors for CHD can be grouped into those that are non-modifiable, such as age, gender (with men being more at risk), and heredity, and those that are modifiable. Modifiable risk factors include smoking, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, physical inactivity, obesity, unhealthy diet, stress, and excessive alcohol consumption.

🛡️ Prevention and Recommendations for a Healthy Heart

To prevent coronary heart disease, the Indonesian Ministry of Health recommends regular health checkups, avoiding exposure to cigarette smoke, engaging in regular physical activity, maintaining a balanced and healthy diet, getting enough rest, and managing stress. While heart disease may not always be preventable, individuals hold the responsibility of taking proactive steps to protect their heart health.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Penyakit Jantung Koroner (PJK)

Penyakit Jantung Koroner (PJK) refers to a condition where the heart's function is compromised due to a lack of sufficient blood supply to the heart muscle. This condition is highlighted as a major theme in the video, explaining how the narrowing or blockage of coronary arteries, often due to atherosclerosis, leads to reduced oxygen supply, which may cause angina pectoris or heart attacks.

💡Angina Pectoris

Angina Pectoris refers to chest pain that occurs when the heart muscle does not receive enough blood, particularly during physical exertion. The video explains it as a symptom of coronary artery disease, with a distinction between stable angina, which occurs during activity, and unstable angina, which can happen even at rest.

💡Iskemik

Iskemik refers to a condition where a part of the heart muscle is deprived of sufficient oxygen due to a restricted blood flow. The video mentions this as a critical condition in coronary heart disease, often presenting symptoms such as chest pain and leading to complications like myocardial infarction if not treated.

💡Infark Miokard

Infark Miokard, or myocardial infarction, is commonly known as a heart attack. This occurs when the heart muscle suffers from a severe lack of oxygen due to a complete blockage of the coronary arteries, leading to the death of heart cells. The video explains how this condition is often sudden and can be life-threatening.

💡Aterosklerosis

Aterosklerosis is the gradual buildup of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in and on the artery walls, leading to narrowed arteries. The video explains that this process can cause coronary arteries to become blocked over time, leading to conditions like angina pectoris and myocardial infarction.

💡Arteri Koronaria

Arteri Koronaria refers to the coronary arteries, which are responsible for supplying oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The video emphasizes the importance of these arteries and describes how their damage or blockage can severely impact heart function, potentially causing coronary heart disease.

💡ST Elevasi Miokard Infark (STEMI)

ST Elevasi Miokard Infark (STEMI) is a type of heart attack where there is a complete blockage of a coronary artery, resulting in a severe lack of oxygen to a large part of the heart muscle. The video discusses STEMI as one of the forms of myocardial infarction, highlighting its seriousness and the need for immediate medical attention.

💡Non-ST Elevasi Miokard Infark (NSTEMI)

Non-ST Elevasi Miokard Infark (NSTEMI) refers to a heart attack where the blockage in a coronary artery is partial, but still causes significant damage to the heart muscle. The video explains that distinguishing between STEMI and NSTEMI requires specific diagnostic tests such as ECG and cardiac enzyme measurements.

💡Faktor Risiko yang Tidak Dapat Dimodifikasi

Faktor Risiko yang Tidak Dapat Dimodifikasi refers to risk factors for coronary heart disease that individuals cannot change, such as age, male gender, and genetic predisposition. The video emphasizes these factors as contributors to the development of coronary artery disease but notes that they are beyond personal control.

💡Faktor Risiko yang Dapat Dimodifikasi

Faktor Risiko yang Dapat Dimodifikasi refers to lifestyle-related risk factors for coronary heart disease, such as smoking, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, and excessive alcohol consumption. The video stresses that these are controllable factors, and modifying them can significantly reduce the risk of developing heart disease.

Highlights

Hai penyakit jantung koroner atau PJK adalah gangguan fungsi jantung akibat otot jantung

Kekurangan darah B jika terdiri atas angina pectoris yang lebih ringan dan Yoga infaq yang lebih parah

Rasa nyeri yang terjadi akibat kerusakan Arteri koronaria yang memperdarahi jantung

Kerusakan ini menyebabkan Arteri koronaria menyempit atau tersumbat

Kerusakan yang terjadi bisa berupa plak sobekan pembuluh darah bekuan, darah atau yang paling sering karena timbunan lemak pada dinding Pembuluh darah yang disebut aterosklerosis

Proses penyempitan ini bertahap dan membutuhkan waktu yang lama karena adanya penyempitan Arteri koronaria sel otot jantung tidak lagi mendapatkan suplai darah yang cukup atau disebut iskemik

Ischemik ini sering menimbulkan gejala berupa nyeri dada kiri yang menjalar ke bahu kiri

Gejala ini biasa disebut angin duduk atau angina pectoris

Hai angina pectoris dapat dibagi menjadi angina pektoris stabil dan angina pektoris tidak stabil

Angina pektoris terus berlanjut dapat terjadi sumbatan sehingga sel otot jantung sangat kekurangan oksigen dan akhirnya mati

Kondisi yang lebih parah ini disebut infark miokard atau serangan jantung

Infark myocard bisa dibedakan menjadi ST elevasi myocard infark atau TNI dan non ST elevasi miokard infark atau non STEMI

Untuk membedakan diagnosis keduanya perlu dilakukan pemeriksaan penunjang EKG dan pemeriksaan lab enzim jantung

Gejala yang bisa ditimbulkan penyakit jantung koroner antara lain berdebar-debar, nyeri dada, mual dan muntah, sesak nafas, keringat dingin, letih, pusing dan sakit kepala

Penyakit jantung koroner menjadi penyebab kematian tertinggi kedua setelah penyakit stroke di Indonesia

Faktor risiko penyakit jantung koroner terdiri atas faktor risiko yang tidak dapat dimodifikasi dan dapat dimodifikasi

Faktor risiko yang dapat dimodifikasi meliputi merokok, dislipidemia, hipertensi, diabetes melitus, kurang aktivitas fisik, berat badan berlebih, diet tidak sehat, stres, dan konsumsi alkohol berlebih

Kementerian Kesehatan menyarankan untuk selalu cantik yaitu kesehatan secara berkala, enyahkan asap rokok, rajin aktivitas fisik, diet sehat dan seimbang, istirahat cukup, dan kelola Stres

Jantung ini memang tidak selamanya berdetak, tapi kita sebagai manusia semuanya memiliki tanggung jawab untuk menjaga kesehatannya