Penyakit Jantung Koroner (PJK) : Angina Pektoris Stabil Tidak Stabil dan Infark Miokard STEMI NSTEMI

Summary

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a condition where the heart's function is compromised due to insufficient blood flow to the heart muscles. It can lead to conditions like angina pectoris, causing chest pain, and in severe cases, myocardial infarction or heart attack. CHD is often caused by the buildup of fat deposits (atherosclerosis) in the coronary arteries, which restricts blood flow. Symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, nausea, and fatigue. Major risk factors include smoking, high cholesterol, hypertension, and lack of physical activity. Preventive measures include regular health checkups, a healthy diet, exercise, and stress management.

Takeaways

• 💓 Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a heart condition caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscles.
• ⚠️ CHD consists of milder angina pectoris and more severe myocardial infarction (heart attack).
• 🔴 Angina pectoris is chest pain caused by damage to coronary arteries, often due to plaque or fat buildup (atherosclerosis).
• ⚡ CHD leads to ischemia, where the heart muscles don't receive enough oxygen, causing symptoms like chest pain radiating to the left shoulder.
• 🔍 Angina pectoris can be stable (pain during activity) or unstable (pain during rest).
• ⛔ If untreated, fat buildup can lead to severe blockages, resulting in myocardial infarction or a heart attack.
• 🩺 Heart attacks are categorized as ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) or non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).
• 📉 Common symptoms of CHD include palpitations, chest pain, nausea, shortness of breath, fatigue, dizziness, and headaches.
• 🧬 CHD risk factors include non-modifiable factors like age, gender, and genetics, and modifiable factors like smoking, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, unhealthy diet, stress, and excessive alcohol consumption.
• 🛡️ Preventing CHD involves regular health checkups, avoiding smoking, engaging in physical activity, eating a healthy diet, getting enough rest, and managing stress.

Q & A

What is Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)?

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is a condition where the heart's function is impaired due to insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle. It results from narrowed or blocked coronary arteries, often caused by fat buildup on artery walls, a process known as atherosclerosis.

What are the two forms of angina associated with CHD?

The two forms of angina associated with CHD are stable angina, where chest pain occurs during physical activity, and unstable angina, where pain can occur both during activity and at rest.

What causes the pain in angina pectoris?

Pain in angina pectoris is caused by the narrowing or blockage of coronary arteries, which reduces blood flow to the heart muscle (ischemia). This lack of oxygen triggers pain, usually in the chest and can radiate to the left shoulder.

What is the difference between ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) and Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)?

STEMI is a more severe form of heart attack where there is a significant blockage of the coronary arteries, indicated by an elevation in the ST segment on an electrocardiogram (ECG). NSTEMI, while still serious, does not show this ST-segment elevation but can still cause significant heart damage.

What are some common symptoms of coronary heart disease?

Common symptoms include chest pain (angina), palpitations, nausea and vomiting, shortness of breath, cold sweats, fatigue, dizziness, and headaches.

What are the modifiable risk factors for coronary heart disease?

Modifiable risk factors include smoking, high cholesterol (dyslipidemia), hypertension, diabetes, lack of physical activity, being overweight, unhealthy diet, stress, and excessive alcohol consumption.

What are the non-modifiable risk factors for coronary heart disease?

Non-modifiable risk factors include age, male gender, family history of heart disease, and genetic predisposition.

How can coronary heart disease be prevented?

Prevention strategies include regular health check-ups, avoiding smoking, maintaining regular physical activity, eating a healthy and balanced diet, getting enough rest, and managing stress.

What is atherosclerosis, and how does it relate to coronary heart disease?

Atherosclerosis is the gradual buildup of fat (plaque) on the walls of arteries, leading to their narrowing. This process restricts blood flow to the heart and is a major cause of coronary heart disease.

Why is coronary heart disease a significant health concern in Indonesia?

In Indonesia, coronary heart disease is the second leading cause of death, following stroke. The high prevalence of risk factors such as smoking, unhealthy diet, and lack of physical activity contributes to its significance.