Qué es IPv6. Curso de redes desde 0 | Cap 3 |

Summary

This video from the NASeros YouTube channel, hosted by @macjosan, dives into the intricacies of IP addressing, focusing on the transition from IPv4 to IPv6. It explains how IPv4's limited address space led to the necessity of NAT, and contrasts this with IPv6's virtually unlimited address pool, which eliminates the need for address translation. The host also touches on the varying global adoption rates of IPv6, with some countries more advanced due to fewer initial IPv4 allocations, and hints at the complexities of transitioning existing internet infrastructure to the new protocol.

Takeaways

• 🌐 The video discusses the transition from IPv4 to IPv6 due to the exhaustion of available public IPv4 addresses.
• 🔄 IPv4, or Internet Protocol version 4, has a limited number of public IP addresses, which has led to the need for NAT (Network Address Translation).
• 🏠 NAT allows multiple devices to share a single public IP address by translating private IP addresses to public ones, which is necessary due to the limited number of IPv4 addresses.
• 🚀 IPv6, or Internet Protocol version 6, offers an almost infinite number of public IP addresses, which eliminates the need for NAT.
• 🌍 With IPv6, every device can have its own unique public IP address, simplifying the routing process and reducing the complexity of internet traffic management.
• 📈 The adoption of IPv6 varies globally, with some countries being more advanced than others, often due to the availability of IPv4 addresses and the necessity to transition.
• 📱 In countries with fewer IPv4 addresses available, the adoption of IPv6 is more widespread as it solves the problem of IP address scarcity.
• 🛠️ The speaker mentions CG-NATt (Carrier Grade NAT), a technology that bridges the gap between IPv4 and IPv6, which will be explained in a future video.
• 🔑 Each device with an IPv6 address will have a unique, permanent public IP address, simplifying communication on the internet.
• 🔄 The transition from IPv4 to IPv6 is not straightforward due to the existing infrastructure built around IPv4, which cannot be easily or quickly replaced.
• 👍 The video encourages viewers to like, share, and visit www.naseros.com for more information on networking courses.

Q & A

What is the main topic of the video?

The main topic of the video is the explanation of IP addresses, specifically the transition from IPv4 to IPv6, the concept of NAT, and the implications of having an almost infinite number of public IP addresses with IPv6.

What is the issue with IPv4 addresses that led to the creation of NAT?

IPv4 addresses were running out because they are limited to 4.3 billion possible addresses, which is insufficient for the growing number of devices requiring unique IP addresses. NAT (Network Address Translation) was created to allow multiple devices to share a single public IP address.

What is the primary advantage of IPv6 over IPv4?

The primary advantage of IPv6 is that it provides an almost infinite number of IP addresses, which eliminates the need for NAT and allows each device to have its own unique public IP address.

How does the speaker describe the number of public IP addresses available with IPv6?

The speaker describes the number of public IP addresses available with IPv6 as 'infinite,' meaning there are so many addresses that they cannot be exhausted.

What is CG-NATt, and why does the speaker mention it as problematic?

CG-NATt stands for Carrier Grade NAT and is a system that sits between IPv4 and IPv6. The speaker mentions it as problematic because it is causing many issues and is a poor solution to the problem of IP address exhaustion.

Why is the adoption of IPv6 more advanced in some countries than in others?

The adoption of IPv6 is more advanced in countries that were later to incorporate the internet because they have fewer IPv4 addresses available, making the transition to IPv6 more necessary and beneficial.

What is the current state of IPv6 adoption in Spain according to the video?

According to the video, the adoption of IPv6 in Spain is very delayed, with only about 4% of the population using it, and at the domestic level, almost no one uses it.

Why do some internet service providers (ISPs) have a limited number of IPv4 addresses to assign to their customers?

Some ISPs have a limited number of IPv4 addresses because the total number of possible IPv4 addresses is finite, and as the number of devices requiring IP addresses grows, the available pool of addresses shrinks.

How does the speaker explain the uniqueness of public IP addresses in IPv6?

The speaker explains that with IPv6, each device would have its own unique public IP address, which is a long string of numbers and letters, ensuring that every device has a globally unique identifier.

What would be the process for a device using IPv6 to communicate with an external server like Google?

The device would create a packet with the destination IP address (Google's public IP) and its own source IP address (its unique IPv6 address). The router would then send this packet to Google, which would respond with a new packet containing the requested information, addressed back to the device's unique IPv6 address.

Why is it not feasible to switch the entire internet to IPv6 immediately?

Switching the entire internet to IPv6 immediately is not feasible because it would require shutting down and reconfiguring all switches, routers, and other network equipment globally, which would cause a complete internet outage and is practically impossible.