IP ADRESSEN einfach erklärt (IPv4 vs IPv6)

IT & Medien einfach erklärt

19 Jul 202104:03

Summary

TLDRThe video script discusses the evolution of IP addresses in networking, focusing on the transition from IPv4 to IPv6. IPv4, consisting of four blocks of 8 bits each, can support 4.29 billion addresses but is insufficient due to the rapid growth of internet-connected devices. IPv6 expands to 128 bits, offering an almost unimaginable number of addresses, enough to assign a unique IP to every grain of rice on Earth. The script also explains the hexadecimal system used in IPv6 and the concept of subnetting, which divides IP addresses into network and host parts, simplifying the identification of devices within a network.

Takeaways

🌐 The video discusses the importance of IP addresses in networks for identification purposes.
📡 There are two main versions of IP addresses: IPv4 and IPv6, with IPv4 being the older version.
🔢 IPv4 addresses consist of four blocks, each block is 8 bits, totaling 32 bits, allowing for 2^32 or approximately 4.29 billion unique addresses.
💥 The demand for IP addresses has grown significantly, outpacing the supply of IPv4 addresses due to the proliferation of internet-capable devices.
🆕 IPv6 was developed to address the shortage of IPv4 addresses by expanding the address space from 32 bits to 128 bits, resulting in an almost unimaginable number of possible addresses.
🌟 IPv6 can theoretically provide an IP address for every grain of rice on Earth, highlighting the vastness of its address space.
🔄 The transition from IPv4 to IPv6 is not immediate but is being implemented gradually in the vast network of computers.
🏠 IP addresses are divided into network and host parts, similar to how a phone number has an area code and a local number.
🛠 A subnet mask is used to differentiate between the network and host parts of an IP address, typically using the numbers 255 or 0.
📚 The script provides an educational overview of the evolution of IP addressing from IPv4 to IPv6 and the technicalities involved in their implementation.

Q & A

What are the two different versions of IP addresses mentioned in the script?
-The two different versions of IP addresses mentioned are IPv4 and IPv6.
How is an IPv4 address structured?
-An IPv4 address is structured into four blocks, with each block consisting of 8 bits, making a total of 32 bits.
What is the maximum number of unique numbers that can be stored in one block of an IPv4 address?
-One block of an IPv4 address can store 256 unique numbers, ranging from 0 to 255.
How many unique addresses are possible with a 32-bit IPv4 address?
-With 32 bits, an IPv4 address can have 4,294,967,296 (2^32) unique addresses.
Why is the number of IPv4 addresses not sufficient for current needs?
-The number of IPv4 addresses is insufficient due to the rapid increase in the number of devices that require internet connectivity, such as PCs, smartphones, tablets, smart TVs, and gaming consoles.
What is the main difference between IPv4 and IPv6 in terms of address size?
-IPv6 expanded the 32 bits of IPv4 to a total of 128 bits, resulting in a much larger address space.
How is the number of possible addresses with IPv6 described in the script?
-The number of possible addresses with IPv6 is so vast that it is described as being able to assign an IP address to every grain of rice on Earth.
What is the significance of the change from decimal to hexadecimal in IPv6 addresses?
-The change to the hexadecimal system in IPv6 addresses further expands the possibilities and simplifies the representation of the large number of addresses.
How is the transition from IPv4 to IPv6 being implemented?
-The transition from IPv4 to IPv6 is not happening all at once but is being implemented gradually in the vast interconnected network of computers.
What is a subnet and why is it used?
-A subnet is a subdivision of a network, and it is used to organize networks into smaller, more manageable parts, allowing for easier identification and management of devices within a network.
What is a network mask and how is it used?
-A network mask is used to differentiate between the network and host parts of an IP address. It typically uses the numbers 255 or 0 to indicate which parts of the IP address belong to the network and which to the host.

Outlines

00:00

🌐 IP Addressing Explained

The paragraph discusses the necessity of IP addresses in networks for identification purposes. It introduces two main versions of IP addresses: IPv4 and IPv6. IPv4 consists of four blocks, each containing eight bits, totaling 32 bits, allowing for 2^32 or approximately 4.29 billion unique addresses. However, due to the rapid increase in the number of devices requiring internet connectivity, from PCs to smart TVs and gaming consoles, IPv4's address capacity is insufficient. To address this, IPv6 was developed, expanding from 32 bits to 128 bits, enabling an almost unimaginable number of unique addresses. The transition from IPv4 to IPv6 is not immediate but is being implemented gradually. The paragraph also explains the concept of subnetting, where IP addresses are divided into network and host parts, using a subnet mask to differentiate between the two.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡IP Address

An IP address is a unique numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. In the context of the video, IP addresses are crucial for identifying devices in a network. The video discusses two versions of IP addresses: IPv4 and IPv6, highlighting the limitations of IPv4 and the vast capacity of IPv6.

💡IPv4

IPv4, or Internet Protocol version 4, is the fourth version of the Internet Protocol. It is a 32-bit system that allows for approximately 4.29 billion unique addresses. The video explains that IPv4 uses four blocks of numbers, each ranging from 0 to 255, and that the increasing number of devices requiring IP addresses has made the IPv4 address space insufficient.

💡IPv6

IPv6, or Internet Protocol version 6, is the latest version of the Internet Protocol. It expands the address space from 32 bits in IPv4 to 128 bits, allowing for an almost unimaginable number of unique addresses. The video uses the metaphor of being able to assign an IP address to every grain of rice on Earth to illustrate the vastness of IPv6's address capacity.

💡Network Mask

A network mask is a tool used in IP addressing to divide an IP address into network and host parts. It is essential for determining which portion of an IP address identifies the network and which identifies the host within that network. In the video, the network mask is described as a tool that helps decode the different parts of an IP address, using numbers 255 or 0 to indicate the network and host sections.

💡Hexadecimal System

The hexadecimal system is a base-16 number system that extends beyond the decimal system (base-10) by using sixteen distinct symbols. In the video, the transition from IPv4 to IPv6 involves a shift from the decimal system to the hexadecimal system, which allows for a significant expansion of the address space and the ability to represent a much larger number of unique addresses.

💡Network

In the context of the video, a network refers to a subdivision of the internet where multiple computers are connected. It is part of the IP addressing scheme, where the network portion of an IP address identifies the specific network to which a device belongs. The video likens networks to an area code in a telephone number, which is necessary to route data to the correct location.

💡Host

A host, in networking, refers to a single device on a network. The host portion of an IP address specifies the particular device within a network. The video explains that, similar to a telephone number where the area code is followed by the specific number, the host ID in an IP address allows for the identification of individual devices within a network.

💡Address Space

The address space refers to the total number of unique IP addresses that can be assigned within a network. The video discusses the limitations of IPv4's address space and how the transition to IPv6 dramatically increases the address space, making it theoretically possible to assign a unique IP address to every device on Earth.

💡Decapsulation

Decapsulation is the process of separating the different parts of an IP address using a network mask. The video describes how a network mask is used to practically 'decode' the individual parts of an IP address, which is essential for routing data to the correct network and host.

💡Router

Although not explicitly mentioned in the script, routers are implied as devices that manage the routing of data based on IP addresses. Routers use network masks to determine how to direct data packets to the correct network and host, playing a crucial role in the functioning of IP networks.

💡Smart Devices

Smart devices refer to any electronic device that can connect to the internet and perform advanced functions. The video script mentions the increase in the number of smart devices such as PCs, smartphones, tablets, smart TVs, and gaming consoles, which has contributed to the need for more IP addresses, highlighting the importance of the transition to IPv6.

Highlights

IP addresses are essential for identification in networks.

There are two common versions of IP addresses: IPv4 and IPv6.

IPv4 consists of four blocks, each of which is 8 bits, totaling 32 bits.

IPv4 addresses can store 256 different numbers per block, ranging from 0 to 255.

IPv4 can support up to 4.29 billion unique addresses.

The demand for IP addresses has grown significantly, outstripping the capacity of IPv4.

IPv6 was developed to address the shortage of IP addresses.

IPv6 expands from 32 bits in IPv4 to 128 bits, offering a vastly larger address space.

IPv6 can theoretically assign an IP address to every grain of rice on Earth.

IPv6 addresses consist of eight blocks, with each block being 16 bits.

IPv6 uses the hexadecimal system instead of the decimal system used in IPv4.

Transitioning to IPv6 is a gradual process due to the complexity of the existing network infrastructure.

IP addresses are divided into network and host parts to simplify routing and identification.

Network masks are used to distinguish between the network and host parts of an IP address.

Network masks use numbers 255 or 0 to indicate which parts of the IP address are network and host.

In the example given, the first two blocks are the network and the last two are the host ID.