Qué son los dilemas éticos o morales

Summary

El Dr. Omar Aureo Valdivia nos invita a reflexionar sobre los dilemas éticos y morales, explicando su naturaleza y las decisiones difíciles que implican. Presenta diversos tipos de dilemas, como el hipotético, real, cerrado, abierto, completo e incompleto, cada uno con características específicas. A través de ejemplos detallados, destaca cómo la toma de decisiones en estos dilemas conlleva siempre el sacrificio de algún valor o principio. El video busca fomentar el análisis crítico y ético en la vida cotidiana y profesional de las personas, subrayando la importancia de enfrentar dilemas con responsabilidad moral.

Takeaways

• 📘 Los dilemas éticos y morales implican una elección entre dos opciones igualmente buenas o malas, lo que obliga a sacrificar algún principio o valor.
• 🧠 Los dilemas requieren que el protagonista tome decisiones difíciles, en las que ninguna alternativa es completamente aceptable o preferible.
• 📚 Los dilemas son parte de la vida cotidiana y reflejan la complejidad de las relaciones sociales en una comunidad o sociedad.
• ⚖️ En los dilemas éticos, se debe elegir una opción, y siempre implica sacrificar algún valor moral, lo que crea un conflicto interno.
• 🔍 Existen seis tipos de dilemas éticos o morales: hipotético, real, cerrado, abierto, completo e incompleto, cada uno con características particulares.
• 🧐 Los dilemas hipotéticos se usan para experimentar con decisiones en situaciones improbables, pero que requieren una elección moral.
• 🏥 El dilema real se basa en situaciones cercanas a la persona y puede ocurrir en la vida real, como en un concurso laboral con decisiones éticamente difíciles.
• 📝 Los dilemas cerrados ya han sido resueltos por otros, y el enfoque es emitir juicios sobre la decisión tomada y sus consecuencias éticas.
• 🤔 Los dilemas abiertos aún no han sido resueltos, por lo que requieren sugerencias sobre cuál sería la mejor decisión desde un punto de vista moral.
• 📊 Los dilemas completos proporcionan toda la información necesaria para evaluar las consecuencias de una decisión ética, mientras que los incompletos no revelan todas las implicaciones, exigiendo una mayor capacidad de análisis.

Q & A

¿Qué es un dilema ético o moral según el diccionario de la Real Academia Española?

Un dilema ético o moral es una situación en la que se debe elegir entre dos opciones que son igualmente buenas o malas. Además, es un argumento compuesto por dos proposiciones contrarias, de tal manera que al negar o aceptar una de ellas, se llega a una conclusión. También implica una duda o conflicto entre principios o valores.

¿Cuál es la principal dificultad al enfrentar un dilema ético?

La principal dificultad es que ninguna de las opciones disponibles es totalmente aceptable o preferible. Siempre implica sacrificar algún principio o valor, por lo que el protagonista del dilema se ve forzado a tomar una decisión difícil.

¿Qué tres situaciones deben ocurrir para que exista un dilema ético?

Para que exista un dilema ético deben ocurrir una de estas tres situaciones: 1) Elegir entre dos o más opciones relacionadas con principios éticos o valores; 2) Estar obligado a actuar porque abstenerse va en contra de algún valor ético; 3) Cualquier acción implica inevitablemente sacrificar algún principio o valor.

¿Cuál es la diferencia entre un dilema hipotético y un dilema real?

Un dilema hipotético se refiere a una situación improbable en la vida real, usada para experimentos o para conocer cómo otros resolverían un dilema. En cambio, un dilema real ocurre en la vida cotidiana o puede suceder pronto en la vida de la persona a quien se le plantea.

¿Qué es un dilema cerrado o de análisis?

Un dilema cerrado o de análisis es aquel en el que el protagonista ya ha tomado una decisión. La tarea consiste en emitir juicios o evaluaciones sobre esa decisión, determinando si fue correcta y qué consecuencias tuvo en relación con los principios éticos involucrados.

¿En qué consiste un dilema abierto o de solución?

En un dilema abierto o de solución, el protagonista aún no ha tomado una decisión, y se le pide a la persona que sugiera cuál sería la mejor alternativa para resolver el conflicto desde una perspectiva ética y moral.

¿Cómo se define un dilema completo?

Un dilema completo es aquel en el que la persona está informada sobre todas las consecuencias relacionadas con cada opción. La persona debe seleccionar la alternativa correcta y evaluar las consecuencias de esa decisión desde un punto de vista ético y moral.

¿Qué caracteriza a un dilema incompleto?

Un dilema incompleto se caracteriza porque la persona no está informada sobre las consecuencias de las decisiones que puede tomar. La solución depende de la capacidad de la persona para imaginar las ventajas y desventajas, y luego emitir un juicio evaluativo sobre las posibles consecuencias.

¿Por qué los dilemas éticos son parte de la vida diaria?

Los dilemas éticos son parte de la vida diaria porque nuestras decisiones y acciones suelen estar vinculadas a principios morales y valores. Estos dilemas reflejan las complejas relaciones sociales dentro de una comunidad y nos obligan a tomar decisiones que inevitablemente sacrifican algunos de esos principios o valores.

¿Cómo afectan los dilemas éticos a los códigos morales?

Los dilemas éticos desafían los códigos morales, ya que al enfrentar un dilema, las reglas de convivencia establecidas pueden verse comprometidas. Los dilemas generan un estado de estrés en el cual el código moral se enfrenta a una situación crucial que puede violar algunos de sus principios.

Outlines

00:00

🧑‍🏫 Introducción a los dilemas éticos y morales

El Dr. Omar Aureo Valdivia introduce el concepto de dilemas éticos y morales, explicando que estos implican situaciones donde es necesario elegir entre dos opciones igualmente buenas o malas. También señala la dificultad inherente a la toma de decisiones en estos contextos y la inevitable necesidad de sacrificar algún principio o valor. Se menciona el origen etimológico del término 'dilema', explicando que proviene del griego y fue traducido al latín, y cómo las traducciones han influido en la confusión entre ética y moral.

05:02

🤔 La complejidad de los dilemas éticos y morales

Se exploran las características de los dilemas éticos y morales, los cuales requieren decisiones difíciles que implican el sacrificio de principios o valores. La persona involucrada en un dilema siempre debe tomar una decisión, y ninguna de las opciones disponibles es completamente aceptable. Los dilemas éticos crean conflictos que no tienen una solución sencilla, obligando al protagonista a elegir una opción a pesar de las consecuencias.

10:06

💼 Ejemplos de dilemas éticos: El dilema real y el dilema hipotético

Se presentan ejemplos de dilemas reales e hipotéticos para ilustrar cómo funcionan estos dilemas en la vida cotidiana. En un dilema hipotético, el doctor debe elegir a cuál de dos pacientes salvar con un único respirador. En un dilema real, el presidente de una comisión debe decidir entre ceder a la presión de su superior o elegir al candidato más calificado en un concurso de méritos. Ambos ejemplos destacan la dificultad de tomar decisiones que implican sacrificar principios.

15:09

✈️ Ejemplo de dilema cerrado: El piloto y su amante

Este párrafo presenta un dilema cerrado en el que un piloto, tras salvar a los pasajeros de un accidente, debe decidir si admite que su amante, quien murió en el accidente, estaba en un lugar prohibido dentro del avión. Aunque la sociedad lo considera un héroe, la tripulación sabe la verdad. El dilema ya está resuelto, pero se pide que se evalúe la decisión del piloto desde un punto de vista ético.

20:12

🏅 Dilema abierto: El atleta y la promesa a su madre

Se presenta un dilema abierto en el que un atleta debe decidir entre seguir representando a su país en una competencia importante o aceptar una oferta de otro país que le garantizaría solvencia económica y cumplir una promesa hecha a su madre. El dilema plantea la cuestión de qué valores se deben sacrificar y cuáles se deben priorizar al tomar una decisión.

Keywords

💡Dilema ético

Un dilema ético se refiere a una situación en la que una persona debe elegir entre dos o más alternativas, cada una de las cuales implica sacrificar algún principio o valor ético. En el video, el Dr. Valdivia explica que al enfrentarse a un dilema ético, siempre se sacrifica alguna moral o valor, lo que genera una decisión difícil y compleja. Por ejemplo, menciona la situación del médico que debe decidir a qué paciente conectar a un respirador.

💡Valores éticos

Los valores éticos son principios que guían el comportamiento humano, como la justicia, la honestidad y la lealtad. En el video, se mencionan como los elementos que se ven comprometidos en los dilemas éticos, donde la persona tiene que decidir qué valor preservar y cuál sacrificar, como en el caso del presidente de la comisión que debe elegir entre la ética y la confianza del gerente.

💡Principios morales

Los principios morales son las reglas o normas de comportamiento aceptadas por una sociedad, que definen lo que es correcto o incorrecto. El video destaca cómo en un dilema ético, los principios morales siempre se ponen a prueba, y se debe decidir cuál de ellos se sacrificará, como en el ejemplo del piloto que decide ocultar un error para proteger su reputación.

💡Decisión difícil

La decisión difícil es un concepto recurrente en el video, ya que se refiere a la obligación de elegir entre opciones que implican la renuncia a algún valor ético o moral. Cada dilema presenta una decisión compleja en la que ninguna alternativa es completamente aceptable, como en el caso del atleta que debe decidir entre representar a su país o solucionar sus problemas económicos.

💡Sacrificio

El sacrificio es una parte inevitable de los dilemas éticos, donde siempre se debe renunciar a algo importante, ya sea un valor o principio. En el video, se explica que la esencia de los dilemas éticos es elegir una opción a expensas de otra, como cuando el estudiante universitario tiene que decidir si pagar a alguien para que haga su tesis o correr el riesgo de retrasar su graduación.

💡Conflicto situacional

El conflicto situacional es una situación en la que actuar de una manera u otra implica un dilema ético, donde cualquier decisión afectará negativamente algún principio moral. Este concepto aparece cuando el Dr. Valdivia explica que las decisiones en los dilemas éticos siempre están rodeadas de contextos que presentan desafíos difíciles de resolver.

💡Dilema hipotético

Un dilema hipotético es una situación poco probable que se usa para analizar cómo las personas tomarían decisiones éticas en circunstancias ficticias. El video ofrece el ejemplo de un médico que debe decidir a quién salvar durante la pandemia de COVID-19, una situación diseñada para explorar los valores de los espectadores aunque no necesariamente refleje la realidad.

💡Dilema real

El dilema real se refiere a una situación que puede ocurrir en la vida cotidiana de una persona. A diferencia del dilema hipotético, el dilema real implica hechos concretos y posibles consecuencias. Un ejemplo del video es el concurso de mérito en una empresa, donde se debe elegir entre dos candidatos con diferentes competencias y limitaciones.

💡Dilema abierto

El dilema abierto es un tipo de dilema en el que la persona aún no ha tomado una decisión, y se pide una sugerencia sobre qué hacer. En el video, el ejemplo del atleta que debe decidir si continuar representando a su país o unirse a otro por una oferta monetaria significativa ilustra este tipo de dilema.

💡Dilema cerrado

El dilema cerrado ya ha sido resuelto por el protagonista, y el objetivo es evaluar la decisión tomada. Se invita a emitir juicios sobre si la decisión fue ética o no. Un ejemplo en el video es el del piloto que ocultó que su amante estaba en un lugar prohibido en el avión, salvando a los pasajeros pero sacrificando la vida de su pareja, lo que pone a prueba los valores éticos del espectador al evaluar la decisión.

Highlights

Introduces the concept of ethical and moral dilemmas and emphasizes the difficulty of decision-making in such situations.

Explains the origin of the word 'dilemma' from Greek, through Latin, and into Spanish, meaning 'premise.'

Differentiates between ethics and morality, indicating the confusion caused by translation processes.

An ethical dilemma requires choosing between two equally good or bad options, and it always involves sacrificing some principle or value.

Defines an ethical dilemma as a situational conflict that forces a decision in which no alternative is fully acceptable or preferable.

Outlines that in an ethical dilemma, acting or refraining always leads to a sacrifice of some principle or value.

Highlights three key elements of an ethical dilemma: choices related to ethical principles, the obligation to act, and the sacrifice of principles.

Emphasizes that ethical dilemmas challenge beliefs and convictions, reflecting the complexity of human relationships within society.

Lists six types of ethical or moral dilemmas: hypothetical, real, closed (analysis), open (solution), complete, and incomplete.

Provides an example of a hypothetical dilemma involving the decision to save one of two patients using a single respirator during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Describes a real dilemma where a commission president must choose between following the manager's pressure or selecting the most competent candidate for a position.

Illustrates a closed dilemma by describing a pilot’s decision to hide the true reason for a crew member's death during a crash.

Offers an open dilemma example involving an athlete who must choose between representing his country or accepting money to represent another country.

Defines the complete dilemma, where all consequences of the decision are known and must be evaluated, providing an example of a student deciding whether to cheat on a thesis.

Concludes by discussing the incomplete dilemma, where consequences are not fully known, and the decision-maker must weigh the pros and cons of various actions, using the example of returning lost money.

Transcripts

Best regards, I am Dr. Omar Aureo Valdivia. I welcome you to

a new encounter with knowledge today to discuss ethical and moral dilemmas

to explain what they are and what they consist of. It is very difficult for most people, if

not all of them. but I prefer to grant the margin of doubt and relativity to the things that

happen in our lives, I have not had to face at some point some

ethical or moral dilemma, for this reason I propose to share ideas that can make us reflect

on this type of dilemmas, what does the dictionary of the Royal Academy of the

Spanish Language tell us about the term dilemma? In the first place, it states that it comes from the Greek dilemma that

was translated into Latin and became dilemma, which means premise. Remember that in a

previous video in which I referred to the difference between ethics and morality, or rather

to their relationship. I explained that the current confusion comes from the procedure that was used

to Translating this term into the Spanish language does not happen the same here, the

usual way was used, that is, translating from Greek to Latin and from Latin to the Spanish language also represents a

situation in which it is necessary to choose between two options that are equally good or bad, there will always

be In this dilemma, when we face an ethical or moral dilemma, the dictionary

adds that it is an argument made up of two strongly contrary propositions in such

a way that, denied or granted to either of them, a certain

conclusion is shown and finally it also says that It consists of a doubt or a dilemma, this is how the

essence of the term dilemma is posed in the dictionary of the Royal Academy of the Spanish Language.

Once we know what the Royal Academy of the Spanish Language has proposed, let's go

to what we can say. in relation to ethical or moral dilemmas

it is a decision-making between two moral ethical imperatives none or of

which it is acceptable or preferable, that is to say that in order to solve the conflict

that the person is facing, the protagonist of the dilemma will always have to make a decision

and none of the alternatives that are offered are totally acceptable or preferable

. It also consists of a situational conflict of difficult solution in which acting in one

way or another implies sacrificing principles or values, they will always have to do it, it is inevitable

that the protagonist of the dilemma does not sacrifice any principle or any value, the person has

moral reasons to execute each of the options, but must decide for one of them

you will never be able to decide on the options for all those that appear in the dilemma you will always have

the difficult task the difficult and complex task of choosing one of those options or alternatives all

the options can be carried out but there is some impediment to its execution that is I ratify here

what I have just mentioned in none of the cases the person involved in the di motto You will be able to choose

all the alternatives or all the options You will always be forced to decide on one of them

For an ethical dilemma to take place One of these three situations

must occur You must choose between two or more options related to ethical principles or values

​​You are obliged to act because refraining goes against some good ethical principle or value

, not only refraining cannot be the solution, but regardless

of this, when you act, you also inevitably sacrifice some principle or value, the options

require actions against principles or values ​​and you must Selecting which one is sacrificed and which

one benefits Here is also one of the contradictions that the

person involved in the conflict has to face in the ethical dilemma, as I already told you,

some principle or some value is always going to be sacrificed. The decision then consists of determining which of those

principles or values ​​are sacrificed and which of them can benefit from the decision When

faced with an ethical dilemma, the person can always make decision 1 and act; they can also make decision

2 and act, but they will never be able to make both decisions and act; they will always be

forced to decide one of the alternatives that are presented to solve the problem. I insist on

that regardless of the alternative solution that he selects, he will also inevitably have to

sacrifice some principle or some ethical value. The key question for the protagonist of the dilemma

will then be which of the decisions he makes can be less harmful, which of those decisions

makes a greater contribution from the exercise of Let us remember that there are more than one possible alternative,

but that the decision made by the person involved in the conflict will always generate the violation of

some principle or some ethical value. Ethical or moral dilemmas, as we have been mentioning

, force us to reflect on the reasons for carrying out some action also indicate

that we reflect on things and the way that each one has of contemplating the world

are not alien to human beings, quite the contrary, they are part of normal life and the

complex social relationships that are established within the framework of a community an entire society and reflect that

type of relationship in all its diversity and in all its dimension they put convictions and

beliefs to the test lead to a stressful paradoxical state it is inevitable that there is a dilemma before a dilemma we do

not feel affected by the stress in which the moral code faces a crucial situation those

rules of coexistence established by moral codes to try to harmonize the relationship between

human beings within the framework of society are very affected, I would say that they are very challenged to

find the solution to an ethical or moral dilemma, they are present in the daily acts of

life for Imperceptible as it always seems, our lives are linked to facing

ethical dilemmas and do not present the challenge of finding the solution that we consider most appropriate.

In the specialized literature we can find the proposal of six types of ethical or

moral dilemmas the hypothetical dilemma the real dilemma the closed or analysis dilemma the open

solution dilemma the complete dilemma and the incomplete dilemma Let's see below what each of

these dilemmas consists of and what are the characteristics that allow us to differentiate one from the other

, the hypothetical dilemma and that ideal to carry out experiments if we want to know how

other human beings can propose the solution of some dilemma refers

to a situation that is very unlikely to exist in real life does not represent

impossible events but if circumstances in which the decision is imperative does not

require that the person to whom the dilemma is presented is the protagonist of it Rather

, they can be asked what the protagonist should be, what the protagonist must do

specifically, in order to propose the solution that he considers most appropriate. I have been insisting

that the solution of the dilemma always implies the selection of an alternative that inevitably

leads to the sacrifice of some principle or ethical value, however, in the examples

that I find, it is about making a decision that it is appropriate or not, but not all the examples

make it clear that the solution determines that some principle or some value is violated

if what I have just said inevitably has to happen, the solution alternatives

have to lead to that crossroads in many examples it is about only to make the

correct or incorrect decision and when the correct decision is made, then

some value or some principle is not sacrificed. Let's see then the example of the hypothetical dilemma that I elaborated for you.

Two people are hospitalized as a consequence of the Kobe 19 pandemic with a degree

similarly dangerous to life, to save them they need to be connected to an artificial respirator,

however, the attending physician only counts one of these devices as one of these devices, one of the

patients is over 70 years of age and the other is under 30, the first has had an exemplary life

in every way but he is living his last years his family begs the doctor

to save him the second he has maintained an irregular ethical conduct but he has a life ahead of him his

family asks him the same when he runs remember that in this type of dilemma the person does not

necessarily have to be the protagonist but can suggest or indicate what would be the most

appropriate solution according to his criterion which decision should be made by the doctor to save the older person or the younger person

the real dilemma can be as complicated and stressful as the hypothetical one, it refers to

a situation close to the person being asked about an upcoming event or because it could happen

in their real life, it is not necessary in this case for the person to whom the question is

asked the dilemma is the protagonist, you can consult what the person involved should do

with the following example. I intend to illustrate how a real dilemma can appear,

a company published a contest of merit and opposition to occupy a position that

until then has not been possible cover because there are not many professionals with this

profile, two contenders are presented, the first of them exhibits an impressive resume

and also demonstrates in the exercises that he is highly competent, however it is also

known even though it does not appear on the resume, as is logical that has a limitation is a person

addicted to alcohol which can harm their moral performance within the group

the second person does not have a A resume that expresses itself and does not shine in the exercises

provided for in the contest. The exit manager appoints

a very trustworthy person as president of the commission in charge of evaluating the process and selecting the winner

and suddenly asks him to declare the winner to the second person, that is, to the less competent person

for a personal interest, it is also known that the group of workers of the company

is aware of the situation, that is, that they are aware of the strengths and weaknesses of both

contestants and that they have also been informed about the request that made him power the

demand that made the president of the commission manager now according to his criteria that

the president of the commission should make give in to the pressure of the manager and declare the winner

the least competent harm the company then from the productive point of view

and the person who deserved to win but be consistent with the trust of the manager that

would be one of the options is the second consists of declaring the contestant who deserved it the winner

harming the company ethically and morally and ignoring trust what decision should be made

is the question that remains in the air for each of you to make your own assessment

of the dilemma closed or closed analysis does not consist in resolving the situation but in issuing judgments

criteria evaluations the dilemma has already been resolved by another person by the protagonist

to whom it has been presented then it is a matter of evaluating the protagonist's decision to make

judgments to find out what is thought about That decision is always the right one if it was not the right

one and what consequences can the decision adopted by the protagonist of the dilemma have in relation

to values ​​and ethical principles, which ones are favored and which ones are harmed

as an example of the closed dilemma or analysis I represent the following: the pilot of an aircraft

is a professionally competent person and is also When the lover of

a member of his crew starts a flight, he invites her to travel with him in the cabin

to maintain the flirtation. This invitation is sanctioned and prohibited in the code of ethics

that they both signed. The plane crashes suddenly and thanks to the expertise of

the pilot the passengers saved their lives but the lover who was not in the indicated place

of course the pilot's family died in the safe place and society considers him

a hero for having saved the passengers the pilot then has two options to declare

that the The death of the deceased person was inevitable and to hide that he was traveling in a

prohibited place and to discredit himself in front of his colleagues because the crew is aware of what has

happened the other option is to admit the mistake and disappoint his family in this case he chose the

first of the two options, that is, he declared that the death of the deceased person was inevitable and

therefore he runs the risk of discrediting himself before his co-workers. As the attitude of the pilot

in the open or solution dilemma is valued, the protagonist has not yet made the decision to reach the

solution proposal, so it is required that the person involved be suggested the decision that must be

taken to solve the conflict to which is faced from the point of view

ethical and moral my example of an open dilemma or a solution has to do with a

high-performance athlete who is very loved in his country and represents him in an important competition

with the possibility of winning the gold medal that everyone and his family expect they have economic limitations

because their income is not sufficient, which has prevented them from fulfilling a promise that

they will make to their mother during the competition, someone proposes that they resign from their delegation and

that they join another to that of an unknown country, in exchange they offer a significant sum of money

that can guarantee economic solvency and the fulfillment of that pledged promise

what is the suggestion for this athlete what do you think he should continue representing

his country and not solve the family and personal economic limitations of breaking the promise to

his In return, the mother must resign from her delegation and represent a foreign country whose idiosyncrasy is

unaware of solving its economic limitations. cas and fulfill the promise to his mother with which of

these options sacrifices the greatest number of values ​​and principles that is what

the complete dilemma on his part is about requires that the person be informed about all

the consequences related to the decision that he can

also take It implies that they select the option that they consider correct and that once they

do so, they assess the consequences that it will have from the ethical and moral point of view. Let's

see an example of the complete dilemma. In this case, it is a university student

who is in the last level or the last year of his degree and that he has not been able to finish his

degree work his family waits anxiously and with high expectations that the student graduates

a person proposes to do the thesis in exchange for a sum of money that the student has

one of your classmates know about this proposal if you accept it you can graduate on schedule

and please your family but you risk discrediting yourself in front of your classmate o and for him

to tell the rest of the group if he does not accept it, he will have to wait a year to have another opportunity to

extend the family situation and to select the members of his family which is the

correct option that the student must make accept the proposal run the risk of discrediting

your peers reject this proposal wait for the new opportunity postpone the solution of the

family situation and then disappoint the members of your family these are the highest

alternatives the variants that you can put into practice which of them would then be the correct one

the incomplete dilemma is different, it is opposite to the one we saw previously, the person is not informed

about the consequences of the decision they make to find the solution, and this depends

on the ability shown by the person to imagine advantages and disadvantages and then come

to issue An evaluative judgment is a type of dilemma that is also very complex and requires not only

skills but mental agility to find a solution that constitutes an acceptable variant

and here is the example of a complete dilemma a person borrows money from a friend and

promises to pay it back within a year by then the

friend does not have enough he needs it to pay for medical treatment for his mother, victim of a sudden illness,

the debtor finds, while walking through the neighborhood accompanied by his son, a

sealed envelope containing the amount of money he owes and something else, in the envelope he also finds

identity documents that belong to a neighbor you have two options return the envelope to your neighbor

or take the money and return it to the friend what consequence would each of these options have

each of these alternatives remember that this type of dilemma is related to not disclosing

the consequences that may have and then it is about assessing, saying, analyzing,

issuing criteria about the consequences that it can bring he alternative solutions

so far the elements that I have wanted to share with you about ethical or moral dilemmas

I hope that these reflections that these proposals are of some use for

the personal and professional training of each one of you I say goodbye with a

brotherly hug and with the conviction that at some point we will meet again