P7 Sistem Penunjang Keputusan - SPK

Summary

The video covers the Decision Support System (DSS), discussing four main topics: definition, components, methods, and implementation. It explores decision-making levels in management, structured and unstructured decision types, and various DSS models like optimization, simulation, heuristic, and predictive models. Additionally, it highlights methods such as SAW, TOPSIS, AHP, and MOORA, used for solving multi-criteria decision problems. The video concludes by emphasizing how DSS supports decision-makers in solving semi-structured problems using specific methods and models. Examples of research and references for further learning are also provided.

Takeaways

• 💡 Decision Support Systems (DSS) are computer-based systems that assist in the decision-making process by providing information and alternatives.
• 📊 DSS can be categorized into four main topics: definition, components, methods, and implementation.
• 🔍 The decision-making process involves choosing actions from a set of alternatives to solve problems or conflicts.
• 📈 Decisions can be classified into strategic, administrative/tactical, and operational based on the level of importance.
• 📋 DSS models are divided into seven types: optimization, analytical formulas, simulation, heuristic, predictive, and others.
• 🔑 Techniques for solving decision problems include decision tables, decision trees, and various mathematical models.
• 📚 The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a method for evaluating and making multi-criteria decisions by integrating subjectivity and objectivity.
• 📊 AHP involves steps such as defining the problem, identifying criteria, forming a hierarchy, performing pairwise comparisons, determining weights, and scoring alternatives.
• 📈 The Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is a method for selecting the best alternative based on its similarity to the ideal solution.
• 📊 Multi-Attribute Decision Making (MADM) involves evaluating alternatives based on multiple criteria, often using methods like AHP, TOPSIS, and others.
• 🔑 The MOORA method is a flexible decision-making technique that can handle criteria with conflicting goals and separate subjective and objective aspects of evaluation.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the video?

The video discusses Decision Support Systems (DSS), specifically focusing on the definition, components, methods, and implementation of DSS.

What is decision-making according to the video?

Decision-making is a management activity where a choice or action is selected from a set of pre-determined alternatives to solve a problem or conflict.

What are the three types of decision-making levels in management?

The three types of decision-making levels are operational decisions (lower management), tactical or administrative decisions (middle management), and strategic decisions (top management).

How are structured and unstructured decisions different?

Structured decisions are based on known problems and rely on established techniques, while unstructured decisions involve new, unfamiliar problems that may require unique or innovative solutions.

What is a Decision Support System (DSS)?

A DSS is a computer-based system that uses data and models to solve structured problems, particularly in helping decision-makers address semi-structured issues by providing information or alternative solutions.

What are the key types of models used in DSS?

The key models in DSS include optimization models, simulation models, heuristic models, predictive models, and financial models for scenario analysis.

What is the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method?

The SAW method is a multi-criteria decision-making technique that calculates a weighted sum of performance ratings across all alternatives for every criterion. It helps in ranking and selecting the best alternative.

What is the TOPSIS method in decision-making?

TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) is a decision-making technique that ranks alternatives based on their closeness to the ideal solution, minimizing the distance from the positive ideal and maximizing the distance from the negative ideal.

What role does the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) play in DSS?

AHP helps evaluate multiple alternatives based on different criteria. It uses a hierarchical structure to break down complex decision-making processes and incorporates both subjective and objective assessments to identify the most important factors.

How does the Multi-Objective Optimization by Ratio Analysis (MOORA) method work?

MOORA is used in DSS to handle multi-criteria decision-making. It helps separate subjective evaluations from objective criteria, making it easier to optimize conflicting criteria, such as maximizing benefits while minimizing costs.