How to Choose the Best Aperture

Sean Dalton
17 Jul 202009:27

Summary

TLDR本视频由旅行摄影师Sean主讲,深入探讨了光圈这一摄影基础概念。Sean解释了光圈如何控制进光量,并重点讨论了光圈对景深的影响,通过实际拍摄不同光圈值的照片,展示了从极大光圈(f/1.4)到极小光圈(f/16)的视觉差异。他还分享了在选择光圈时应考虑的曝光和景深因素,并给出了拍摄人像和风景时的光圈建议。视频内容丰富实用,旨在帮助摄影爱好者通过理解光圈来提升拍摄技巧。

Takeaways

  • 📷 光圈是摄影中最基本的设置之一,与快门速度和ISO一起构成了相机的三个主要设置。
  • 🌞 光圈本质上是镜头中的一个小孔,通过开合来控制进入相机的光线量。
  • 🔢 光圈用数字表示(也称为f-stop),数字越小,光圈孔径越大,允许进入的光线越多。
  • 🎨 光圈的创意效果在于控制图像的景深,即图像中清晰区域的范围。
  • 🍃 使用较大的光圈(如f/1.4, f/1.8, f/2.8)可以创造出浅景深效果,使背景更加模糊。
  • 🏞 使用较小的光圈(如f/8, f/11, f/16)可以获得更深的景深,使整个画面更加清晰。
  • 📸 在选择光圈时,需要考虑曝光和创意效果,根据拍摄环境和主题选择合适的光圈值。
  • 🤔 拍摄人像时,通常选择中等光圈值(如f/2.8)以保持足够的景深,避免过度模糊。
  • 🏔 拍摄风景时,如果场景中没有前景或中景,即使使用大光圈(如f/1.4)也能获得清晰的照片。
  • 📐 理解不同光圈设置对场景的影响,最好的方法是实际拍摄并比较不同光圈下的照片。
  • ☕️ 拍摄时应根据光线条件和所需的景深效果灵活调整光圈,以获得理想的曝光和创意效果。
  • 📚 随着拍摄经验的增加,摄影师会更好地理解不同光圈设置下景深的变化,以及如何运用它们来创造艺术效果。

Q & A

  • 光圈是什么?

    -光圈是摄影中最基本的三个相机设置之一,它本质上是镜头中的一个小孔,通过打开这个小孔来让光线进入相机。光圈的大小决定了进入相机的光线量,光圈越大(数值越小),进入的光线越多;光圈越小(数值越大),进入的光线越少。

  • 光圈如何影响照片的曝光?

    -光圈直接影响照片的曝光量。光圈越大,进入相机的光线越多,照片会更亮;光圈越小,进入相机的光线越少,照片会更暗。因此,在暗环境中拍摄时,使用较大的光圈可以帮助相机获得足够的光线,而在光线充足的情况下,可以使用较小的光圈来控制曝光。

  • 光圈与景深有什么关系?

    -光圈大小直接影响照片的景深,即图像中清晰区域的范围。使用大光圈(小f数值)时,景深较浅,背景和前景会出现模糊,这样可以更好地突出主体;使用小光圈(大f数值)时,景深较深,图像中的大部分内容都会变得清晰。

  • 如何选择合适的光圈来拍摄?

    -选择合适的光圈需要考虑两个主要因素:曝光和景深。首先,根据拍摄环境的光线条件调整光圈大小以确保正确曝光。其次,根据想要的创意效果选择光圈,如果想要背景模糊,突出主体,可以选择大光圈;如果想要图像整体清晰,则选择小光圈。

  • 为什么光圈优先模式受到推荐?

    -光圈优先模式允许摄影师直接控制光圈大小,而相机自动调整快门速度以获得正确的曝光。这种模式可以帮助摄影师更好地控制景深和创意效果,同时简化了拍摄过程,不需要过多关注曝光的复杂计算。

  • 在拍摄人像时,为什么通常选择使用较大的光圈?

    -在拍摄人像时,使用较大的光圈可以创造出浅景深效果,这样可以将主体与背景分离,使背景模糊,从而更好地突出人物。但是,过大的光圈可能会导致景深过浅,使得人物的某些部分(如鼻子)失焦,因此摄影师通常会选择一个适中的大光圈,如f/2.8,以确保人物整体清晰。

  • 在拍摄风景时,是否总是需要使用最小的光圈?

    -并非总是如此。使用最小的光圈可以获取最深的景深,确保前景、中景和背景都清晰。但这适用于前景、中景和背景之间距离较大的情况。如果拍摄的风景照片中没有前景或中景,背景也相对接近,那么即使使用较大的光圈(如f/1.4),也可以获得清晰的照片,而不需要过深的景深。

  • 拍摄食物时,为什么不应该使用过大的光圈?

    -拍摄食物时使用过大的光圈会导致景深过浅,可能只有食物的一小部分(如一块食物的角落)在焦点上,而其他部分则会变得模糊。为了确保整个食物的细节都能清晰展现,应该选择较小的光圈,以获得更深的景深。

  • 拍摄时如何根据光圈调整曝光?

    -在暗环境中拍摄时,应该使用较大的光圈来允许更多的光线进入相机,以确保曝光充足。在光线充足的情况下,可以适当减小光圈来控制曝光量。此外,摄影师还需要根据拍摄的具体场景和所需的景深效果来灵活调整光圈大小。

  • 光圈大小对背景模糊(即散景或‘bokeh’)有什么影响?

    -使用大光圈时,景深较浅,背景会更加模糊,散景效果更明显,这有助于突出主体。相反,使用小光圈时,背景会更加清晰,散景效果减少。因此,通过调整光圈大小,摄影师可以控制背景的模糊程度和散景效果。

  • 在拍摄过程中,如何理解并运用景深?

    -景深是指在照片中看起来清晰的区域范围。理解景深的关键在于认识到光圈大小、镜头焦距、拍摄距离等因素如何影响景深。通过实践和经验积累,摄影师可以学会如何根据所需的创意效果来选择合适的光圈大小,控制景深,从而在照片中获得理想的清晰区域和模糊区域。

Outlines

00:00

📸 摄影基础:了解光圈

本段落介绍了光圈作为摄影中最基本的概念之一,解释了光圈是什么、它的作用以及如何选择合适的光圈。光圈是相机设置中的三个主要部分之一,与快门速度和ISO一起控制曝光。光圈实际上就是镜头中的一个小孔,通过改变孔的大小来控制进光量。此外,还讨论了光圈对照片创意效果的影响,尤其是对景深的控制。通过改变光圈大小,可以改变照片中焦点的范围,从而实现不同的艺术效果。

05:02

🌾 实践教学:不同光圈下的拍摄效果

在这一段中,视频制作者通过实际拍摄不同光圈下的照片,展示了它们对景深的具体影响。通过比较从f/1.4到f/16的一系列照片,观众可以直观地看到光圈大小如何影响图像的焦点范围和背景模糊程度。此外,还提供了关于如何根据拍摄环境和创作意图选择合适的光圈的实用建议,例如在暗环境中使用较大的光圈以获取更多光线,以及如何根据拍摄主题和场景选择合适的光圈来控制景深。

Mindmap

Keywords

💡光圈

光圈是摄影中最基本的三个相机设置之一,它通过镜头中的小孔大小来控制进入相机的光线量。光圈的大小用f-stop表示,数值越小,孔径越大,进光量越多;数值越大,孔径越小,进光量越少。在视频中,Sean通过不同光圈值的实例,展示了它们如何影响照片的曝光和创意效果,尤其是景深的控制。

💡景深

景深是指在照片中看起来清晰的范围或距离。通过改变光圈大小,可以控制景深的深浅。浅景深可以使主体突出,背景模糊,而深景深则能让前景、中景和背景都保持清晰。视频中,Sean解释了如何通过选择不同的光圈值来创造不同的景深效果。

💡曝光

曝光是指相机捕捉光线并记录图像的过程。光圈、快门速度和ISO是控制曝光的三个主要相机设置。光圈的大小直接影响曝光量,即进入相机的光线多少。在光线较暗的环境中,使用较大的光圈(较小的f-stop数值)可以帮助相机获得足够的光线,从而得到良好的曝光效果。

💡光圈优先模式

光圈优先模式是一种相机设置模式,在这种模式下,摄影师可以自行设置光圈大小,而相机会自动调整快门速度以获得正确的曝光。这种模式适合那些想要控制景深但又不想手动调整快门速度的摄影师。Sean在视频中提到,他喜欢使用光圈优先模式,因为它可以让摄影师专注于创作的艺术方面。

💡快门速度

快门速度是指相机快门打开和关闭的时间长度,它决定了传感器暴露在光线下的时间。快门速度的长短会影响照片的曝光和动态效果。虽然视频中主要讨论的是光圈,但快门速度同样是控制曝光的重要参数之一。

💡ISO

ISO是指相机传感器对光线的敏感度。ISO值越高,传感器对光线的反应越敏感,可以在较暗的环境中拍摄;但同时,高ISO也会导致照片中出现更多的噪点,影响图像质量。与光圈和快门速度一起,ISO是控制曝光的三个主要因素之一。

💡创意效果

创意效果是指通过摄影技术的应用,如改变光圈大小,来实现特定的视觉表现,增强照片的艺术性和表现力。在视频中,Sean强调了光圈不仅仅是控制曝光的工具,更是实现创意效果的重要手段,尤其是通过控制景深来突出主体或创造特定的氛围。

💡旅行摄影

旅行摄影是指在旅行过程中记录所见所闻的摄影形式,它不仅记录了地点和事件,还表达了摄影师对于旅行中文化、风景和人物的个人感受和理解。Sean作为一名旅行摄影师,在视频中分享了他在巴厘岛的旅行摄影经验,以及如何通过控制光圈来提升照片的质量和表现力。

💡肖像摄影

肖像摄影是专注于捕捉人物面部特征和表情的摄影类型,通常要求突出主体并对背景进行一定程度的模糊处理,以达到突出人物的效果。在视频中,Sean提到在进行肖像摄影时,他倾向于使用f 2.8这样的中等光圈值,以确保人物的面部特征清晰,同时让背景有一定的模糊效果。

💡风景摄影

风景摄影是捕捉自然景观、城市风光等宽阔场景的摄影类型,它通常要求在照片中展现广阔的空间感和细节。在视频中,Sean讨论了风景摄影中光圈的选择,指出如果场景中有前景、中景和背景,使用小光圈(如f 16)可以确保整个场景的清晰度;而如果场景较为简单,即使使用大光圈(如f 1.4)也能拍出清晰的风景照片。

Highlights

光圈是摄影中最基本的元素之一。

光圈是相机上的三个主要设置之一,包括快门速度、光圈和ISO。

光圈本质上是镜头中的一个小孔,用于允许光线进入。

光圈用数字表示,也称为F-stop,如f 1.4、f 1.8、f 5.6、f 22等。数字越大,孔越小;数字越小,孔越大。

光圈对曝光的影响很简单:大光圈允许更多光线进入相机,小光圈则相反。

光圈的创意效果在于控制图像的景深,即图像中清晰区域的范围。

使用大光圈(如f 1.4、f 1.8、f 2.8)可以实现浅景深效果,使图像中只有一小部分区域聚焦。

使用小光圈(如f 8、f11、f16、f22)可以在整个画面中获得更均匀的聚焦效果。

在拍摄时,应根据所需的景深和曝光条件选择合适的光圈。

拍摄人像时,推荐使用如f 2.8的大光圈,以实现背景虚化效果。

拍摄风景时,如果场景包含前景、中景和背景,应使用小光圈以确保整个画面的聚焦。

不同的镜头支持不同的最小光圈,有些镜头支持到f 22,有些到f 16。

拍摄时应考虑光线条件,避免在暗环境中使用小光圈,以确保足够的曝光。

通过实践和经验,摄影师可以更好地理解和掌握不同光圈下的景深效果。

选择光圈时,应考虑画面中希望聚焦的部分,以及光圈所带来的景深。

不同光圈设置的实践拍摄和比较,是理解光圈如何影响画面的最佳方式。

拍摄食物时不宜使用大光圈,以免过度模糊;拍摄人像时避免使用过小的光圈,以免失去背景虚化效果。

Transcripts

play00:04

[Music]

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hey guys what's up and welcome back to

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the channel so we are here in bali

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indonesia

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i swear it was sunny about 10 minutes

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ago and then the clouds have rolled in

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and it doesn't look great but i still

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want to take some time to talk today

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about aperture aperture is one of the

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most fundamental pieces of photography

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and i've been trying to get back to some

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of the more fundamentals here on the

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youtube channel so today in this video

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we're going to be talking about aperture

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what it is what it does

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and also how you guys can choose the

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best aperture where you're out shooting

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for those of you that are new here

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what's up my name is sean i'm a travel

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photographer and i produce weekly videos

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that teach you how to become a better

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photographer so if you're new here

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what's up we're happy to have you here

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and if you guys are interested in

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becoming

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better photographers feel free to

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subscribe also if you guys haven't

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downloaded it yet i'm giving away a free

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orange and teal preset pack the link to

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that is in the description

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okay with that out of the way let's talk

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about aperture what is

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aperture aperture is one of the three

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main settings on your camera right there

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shutter speed

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aperture and iso an aperture is

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essentially a little iris in your lens

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it's the little hole in your lens that

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opens up to let in light

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the smaller that hole is the less light

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is going to enter the camera

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the larger that hole is the more light

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is going to enter the camera so

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that's pretty self-explanatory right uh

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aperture is denoted by

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a number so also known as an f-stop that

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might be f 1.4

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f 1.8 f 5.6 f

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22 and essentially the bigger the number

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the smaller the hole is going to be

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the smaller the number the wider the

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hole is going to be so for example like

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f 1.4 is going to be

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wide open there's a lot of light is

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going to be able to enter the camera

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whereas like f 22

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is going to be a really small hole and

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not a lot of light is going to enter the

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camera

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so from an exposure perspective from a

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perspective of how much light is

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entering the camera

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aperture is pretty darn easy to

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understand it's pretty simple but what

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makes aperture so interesting and what

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makes it so important to photography

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yes it's the exposure side but more

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importantly it's the creative side

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the artistic effect that aperture brings

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to our photos

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and that's what i want to focus on in

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this video today so the creative effect

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of

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aperture is its ability to control the

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depth of field in our image

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if you don't know what that means the

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depth of field essentially is the range

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of distance

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that is in focus within your image if

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that doesn't make any sense to you you

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can always understand it as

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how much blur is there going to be

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behind your main subject essentially

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it's just

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how much of your frame is in focus and

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how much of your frame

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is blurry or what we might call bokeh we

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can achieve

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a shallower depth of field where only a

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very small part of the image is in focus

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by using a

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wider aperture so a smaller number

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aperture like f 1.4

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f 1.8 f 2.8 um and even f 4 in certain

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situations

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and then if you want to get more uniform

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frame throughout your focus you would

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use a

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a smaller aperture or a larger number

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like uh f8 f11 f16 or f22

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those are good if you really want to

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have a super deep depth of field in your

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image so i can sit out here and talk

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about this all day long but that's not

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why i came out here i came out here to

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show you guys

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what these different apertures look like

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because i think that's the best way to

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really understand aperture

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is just take a bunch of photos of all

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the different apertures and compare them

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so i actually did take some photos

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before everything got really

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ugly out here but i'm still going to

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take some more so you guys can see and

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i'll just show you

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the better looking photos because they

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just look terrible right now because

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it's just super gray

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and not interesting at all so let's head

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over to this cool little subject over

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here i'm going to show you guys

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what all these different apertures look

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like

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okay so we are here we are in a rice

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paddy because

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bali is full of these beautiful rice

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terraces rice paddies

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and this one is hasn't been harvested

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yet so it's really pretty

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and there's this little um shrine i

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guess you would call it

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i'm not sure exactly what you'd call it

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but they have some little prayer things

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here

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for the gods bali is hindu so there's a

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lot of gods

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and they like to honor them with these

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things so it's really cool really pretty

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out here

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um so i'm gonna take some photos of this

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thing i think it's a good example to

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show you guys all the different

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apertures

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um and now this is a sony a6400 with a

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35 millimeter f 1.4

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lens on it so it has a really nice wide

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maximum aperture of f 1.4

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i'm going to shoot all the way from f

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1.4 all the way to f 16 which is the

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s the smallest aperture that this camera

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is capable of

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some lenses will do f 22 some lenses

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will do f 16

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this one does f 16. also to note i'm

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going to be shooting an aperture

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priority

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i don't want to spend too much time

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focusing on the exposure side of

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aperture i think it's pretty simple

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i'm going to be shooting an aperture

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priority and if you guys have seen my

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other videos

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you know how much i love aperture

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priority you can check this video out up

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here and that's going to explain to you

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why i always recommend shooting an

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aperture priority

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and why i actually think manual mode is

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kind of a waste of time so i'm actually

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going to step back here because

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i don't need to be that close i'm just

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gonna take a bunch of different photos

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we'll start off here

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with f 1.4

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all right we'll go to f2 oh we'll go to

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f 2.8

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might be more of a difference there

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all right all right we'll go to that

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this is

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f4 here

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and we're doing f 5.6

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[Music]

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we'll do f 8.

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all right do f11

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and we'll do f16 so we got them all

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so when we look at all these images next

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to each other it's really easy for us to

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see the difference between apertures

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that are

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really wide like f 1.4 and apertures

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that are really small like

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f22 and i think this exercise is a

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really good way

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to see how aperture is going to affect

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your scene

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so you can see that apertures like f16

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there's a lot more depth of field in

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your image there's going to be a lot

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more focus throughout your frame so not

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only was our subject here in focus

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but more of the background was in focus

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as well we could see

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more of the houses in the back we could

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see more detail on the grass behind the

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main subject

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whereas at f 1.4 a lot of the grass was

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out of focus

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the houses were much more out of focus

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and we just had a much

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shallower depth of field so when it

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comes to choosing your aperture where

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you guys are out shooting

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there's two considerations you should

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make the first of those being exposure

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considerations

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if you're shooting an aperture priority

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you don't need to pay attention to

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exposure

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so much because the camera is going to

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be doing most of the work but just don't

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shoot with an aperture like

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f 22 when you're in a dark room there's

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just not going to be enough light

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getting into the camera

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so if you're shooting in a dark and

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darker environment try to use a wider

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aperture

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to make sure that the camera has enough

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light to take a good exposure

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after you guys have locked in your

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exposure the second consideration is

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just gonna be

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what do you want your depth of field to

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be and this is really gonna come with

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experience the more you guys will shoot

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the more you're gonna know what kind of

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depth of field you're gonna want

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in your images and the more you're gonna

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understand your lenses and the

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capability

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that your camera has at all those

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different apertures for example i always

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like to shoot my portraits at something

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like f 2.8 even though my lenses go all

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the way down to f

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1.4 and the reason for that is because

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if i'm shooting at something like f 1.4

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the depth of field is so so shallow at

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that aperture

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that maybe the eye is in focus but then

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the nose is out of focus

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so shooting at f 1.4 just wouldn't be

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practical in those situations and on the

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flip side of that

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if i'm shooting a landscape i think a

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lot of people always think oh if you're

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shooting a landscape you should be

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shooting

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with a really really small aperture

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and that is the case if you're going to

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have a foreground a mid-ground

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and a background because the distance

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between the first subject that's in

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focus

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and the background is really really far

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so you're gonna have to use a really

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small aperture

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but if you're shooting a landscape and

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there's no foreground

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there's minimal mid ground and there's

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just a background the depth of field

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doesn't need to be deep because there is

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no deep depth of field in the shot in

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and of itself so you can shoot

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and get a really sharp photo at f 1.4 so

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when you're choosing your aperture

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just pay attention to how much of the

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frame that you really want in focus

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and be aware of the depth of field that

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your aperture is going to give you so

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don't try to shoot food with an aperture

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of f 1.4

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because it's just going to be way too

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blurry on the contrary

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don't shoot portraits at f 22 because

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everything is going to be in crazy focus

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and you're not going to be isolating

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your subject from the background and

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that just doesn't look very good

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but that is about it guys i hope this

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was helpful for you i hope looking at

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all those different images was helpful

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for you

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i know that when i was learning

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photography i like to see the

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differences between

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all the different apertures all the

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different shutter speeds etc so if you

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guys like this video please let me know

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in the comments down below

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and also i'd love to hear from you oh do

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you like to shoot wide open are you

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often shooting at

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1.4 1.8 2.0 or or do you like

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more sharpness throughout your frame do

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you like to shoot at smaller apertures

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like

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uh f8 or f11 or f16 let me know in the

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comments down below i would love to hear

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those

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and also if you guys are new here once

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again please subscribe i'm dropping

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videos every single friday

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all of which are going to help you

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become a better photographer so we'd

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love to have you as part of the family

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but it is miserable out here it's gonna

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rain so we're gonna get the hell out of

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here

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we're gonna get some coffee or something

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just get out of this rice field so we're

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not trapped here

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um but i'll see you guys next week so

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once again i hope you enjoyed the video

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and i'll see you again next friday

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