Memahami Proses Routing | Administrasi Infrastruktur Jaringan | TKJ

Summary

This video script discusses the concept and function of routers in networking. It explains that routers are devices that connect multiple networks, enabling IP forwarding and using routing protocols. The script differentiates between dedicated routers and PC routers, and uses an analogy of a courier service to illustrate how routers direct data packets across networks. It also covers the importance of routers in connecting computers with different network IDs and IP addresses, highlighting the need for routing protocols to facilitate communication between them.

Takeaways

• 🌐 A router is a networking device that connects two or more networks, performing IP forwarding and using routing protocols.
• 🔍 Routers are essential when networks have different IP addresses, host IDs, or subnet masks, as switches or hubs alone cannot connect them.
• 🚚 The concept of routing is similar to a courier service, directing data packets from one network to another via routers.
• 💡 There are two types of routers: dedicated routers, which are purpose-built for routing, and PC routers, which are computers configured to route traffic.
• 🖥️ PC routers require at least two network cards to function as a router.
• 🔄 Even if computers are on the same network class but have different network IDs, they cannot communicate directly without a router.
• 🌐 To enable communication between computers on different networks, a router equipped with routing protocols is required.
• 📈 The routing process involves complex algorithms to determine the best path for data packets to travel from one network to another.
• 🌉 Routers can connect networks with different IP classes, allowing for communication between them.
• 🔧 The script provides a detailed example of how routers enable communication between computers on different subnets within a network.
• 📚 The video script is an educational resource explaining the basics of routers and routing, suitable for those new to networking concepts.

Q & A

What is a router and what is its primary function?

A router is a networking device that connects two or more networks. Its primary function is to route data packets between networks, enabling communication between devices on different networks.

What is the difference between a dedicated router and a PC router?

A dedicated router is a device specifically designed and manufactured to function as a router, often found in products from companies like Linksys or Cisco. A PC router, on the other hand, is a regular computer that is configured to act as a router, typically requiring at least two network cards.

Why is a router necessary when connecting multiple networks?

A router is necessary because it can interpret different IP addresses and direct data packets accordingly. Without a router, devices on different networks cannot communicate directly with each other, especially if they have different IP addresses or subnet masks.

Can you explain the concept of routing with an example?

Routing is the process of directing data packets from one network to another using a router. An example is like a courier service: if you order a package from Bandung, it doesn't go directly to your home but goes through checkpoints such as the seller's location, the courier's agency, and possibly a central warehouse before reaching you.

What is the role of IP forwarding in routing?

IP forwarding is a crucial function in routing. It allows a router to receive an IP datagram and transmit it to another network. This is essential for routing as it enables the router to send data packets to their destination across different networks.

How does a router determine the best path for data packets?

A router determines the best path for data packets using routing protocols and algorithms. These protocols help the router to understand the network topology and choose the most efficient route for the data to reach its destination.

What is the purpose of a subnet mask in relation to routers?

A subnet mask is used in conjunction with an IP address to identify the network and host portions of the address. Routers use subnet masks to determine whether the destination IP address is on a local network or a remote network, which in turn decides whether to route the packet internally or externally.

Why can't two computers with different network IDs communicate directly without a router?

Two computers with different network IDs cannot communicate directly because they are on separate networks. A router is needed to translate and forward the data packets between these networks, as it understands how to direct traffic between different network segments.

What is the significance of having multiple network cards in a PC router?

In a PC router, having multiple network cards allows the computer to connect to multiple networks simultaneously. This is essential for routing because it enables the PC to receive data from one network and forward it to another, facilitating communication between different networks.

Can you give an example of how a router connects different networks with different IP classes?

Yes, a router can connect networks with different IP classes, such as a Class B network (172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255) and a Class C network (192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255). The router would use routing protocols to direct traffic between these networks, ensuring that data packets are sent to the correct destination regardless of the IP class.

How does a router handle data packets when the destination IP address is on the same network?

When a router receives a data packet with a destination IP address on the same network, it does not route the packet to another network. Instead, it forwards the packet directly to the destination device on the local network.

Outlines

00:00

🌐 Introduction to Routing and Routers

The script begins with a greeting in multiple languages and times of day, then dives into the topic of routing. It explains that a router is a networking device that connects two or more networks, with its primary function being to forward data packets. The speaker clarifies the difference between a router and other networking devices like switches and the importance of IP forwarding and routing protocols. The concept of routing is likened to a courier service, where the router directs data packets from one network to another, similar to how a package is delivered from a seller to a buyer, passing through various checkpoints.

05:01

🔗 Understanding Network Connectivity and Routers

The second paragraph discusses the limitations of switches and hubs in connecting multiple networks and the necessity of routers. It uses an example of three computers connected in a network to illustrate that even if they are on the same class B network, they might not be able to communicate if their network IDs are different. The speaker explains that a router is required to enable communication between these computers, and it must be equipped with routing protocols. The example also highlights how different IP addresses and network IDs can exist within the same class, and how a router facilitates communication across these differences.

10:03

🛠️ Router Configuration and Network Communication

The final paragraph elaborates on how routers work in more complex network setups. It describes the process of connecting multiple computers to a switch, which then connects to a router, creating a pathway for data to travel through. The speaker uses a visual example to explain how different networks with unique IP classes and network IDs can be interconnected through a router. The paragraph emphasizes the router's role in determining the best path for data to travel from one computer to another, considering various networks and potential routes. It also touches on the algorithms and configurations that routers use to manage this process, promising a deeper dive in future videos.

Keywords

💡Router

A router is a networking device used to connect two or more different networks. It plays a key role in forwarding data between networks by determining the best path for data transmission. In the video, the router is emphasized as essential for enabling communication between networks with different IP addresses or network IDs, which cannot be done with just a switch or hub.

💡Routing

Routing is the process of selecting a path for data packets to travel across networks. In the video, routing is compared to a courier service that delivers packages by passing through various checkpoints, showing how routers direct data between different networks. This ensures that data reaches the intended destination efficiently.

💡IP Address

An IP address is a unique identifier assigned to each device connected to a network, allowing them to communicate. The video explains how different networks may have different IP addresses, and routers help bridge the communication between these networks by managing the routing of data.

💡Network ID

The Network ID is a portion of an IP address that identifies the network a device belongs to. In the video, it is explained that devices with the same network ID can communicate directly, while those with different network IDs require a router to establish communication between them.

💡Host ID

The Host ID is the part of the IP address that identifies the specific device within a network. The video highlights that devices can have the same network ID but different Host IDs, and routers are used to allow devices with different network IDs and Host IDs to communicate effectively.

💡Switch

A switch is a networking device that connects devices within the same network by forwarding data based on MAC addresses. In the video, it is mentioned that while switches allow communication within a single network, routers are necessary to connect multiple networks with different IP address schemes.

💡Subnet Mask

A subnet mask is used to divide an IP address into the network and host portions. In the video, it is used to explain why computers with the same subnet mask but different network IDs cannot communicate without a router. This demonstrates the role of routers in managing subnet differences between networks.

💡Routing Protocol

A routing protocol is a set of rules used by routers to determine the best path for forwarding data between networks. The video touches on how routers are configured with routing protocols to enable communication between different networks efficiently, ensuring data reaches the correct destination.

💡Dedicated Router

A dedicated router is a hardware device specifically designed for routing tasks. The video distinguishes it from PC routers by highlighting that dedicated routers are commercially available products like those from brands such as Linksys or Cisco, designed purely to route data between networks.

💡PC Router

A PC router refers to a regular computer that has been configured to perform routing tasks. The video explains how a PC router must have at least two network cards to act as a router, and it contrasts this with dedicated routers, emphasizing the flexibility of using a standard computer for routing in smaller or customized network setups.

Highlights

Introduction to the concept of routing and routers.

Definition of a router as a networking device to connect multiple networks.

Explanation of IP forwarding and routing protocols.

The necessity of routers when connecting multiple networks with different IP addresses.

Differentiation between dedicated routers and PC routers.

The requirement of at least two network cards for a PC to function as a router.

Example of a network setup with computers A, B, and C, and the role of IP addresses and subnet masks.

Illustration of how computers within the same network class can communicate.

Explanation of why Computer C cannot communicate with Computers A and B due to different network IDs.

The role of a router in enabling communication between computers with different network IDs.

Introduction to routing protocols and their configuration.

Conceptualization of routing as directing data packets from one network to another, similar to a courier service.

Description of how routers determine the path for data packets to reach their destination.

Practical example of how routers connect different networks with different IP classes.

Explanation of how routers work at a fundamental level to connect networks.

Discussion on the complexity of large-scale network routing and the role of switches and hubs.

Conclusion and summary of the key points about routing and routers.

Transcripts

halo assalamualaikum semuanya selamat

pagi selamat siang selamat sore atau

selamat malam kali ini kita akan

ngomongin rooting ya rutr rooting rute

dan lain sebagainya lah kita akan

ngomongin itu oke langsung saja ke

materinya ini ada di maple administrasi

infrastruktur jaringan

[Musik]

hai oke sebelum kita ngomongin rooting

kita flashback dulu ada yang masih ingat

apa itu router ya jadi router juga

merupakan sebuah sebuah perangkat

jaringan selain ada switch kemudian ada

hp ada apalagi ada kabel jaringan rj-45

dan lain sebagainya ada satu perangkat

yang namanya router ya puter merupakan

peralatan yang bertugas atau difungsikan

untuk menghubungkan dua jaringan atau

lebih kemudian tugas rute adalah

memformat data ya jadi dengan dengan

mengaktifkan fungsi ip forward

menggunakan routing protocol oke

merupakan peralatan yang bertugas atau

difungsikan menghubungkan dua jaringan

atau lebih

hai memangnya kalau ada jaringan

berjumlah dua atau lebih itu tidak bisa

dibuat dihubungkan menggunakan switch

atau hub saja

hai kok perlu ada rute sih

hai maksud dari dua jaringan atau lebih

di sini ya bisa saja ip-nya berbeda atau

misalkan ip-nya sama santet maksudnya

sama tapi hos-id dan neta idenya berbeda

tentu saja itu tidak cukup menggunakan

switch atau hub saja kita perlu

perangkat tambahan yaitu router ya oke

kita lanjut aja nah konsepnya seperti

ini konsep rooting rooting adalah suatu

proses meurut kan paket data dari

network satu ke network lain dengan

menggunakan router mirip sama fungsi

kurir kalau di jasa ekspedisi sih kak ya

biasanya kalau kalian suka belanja

online gitu ya itu dari misalkan beli

paket dari bandung misalkan itu eh

kemudian diantar ke rumah kalian tujuan

yaitu enggak langsung dari bandung ke

rumah kalian kan tentu harus melewati ke

check point checkpoint misal dari

bunga dari si penjual ke apa namanya

agen dulu yang agen ekspedisinya

kemudian dari agan ekspedisinya ke eh

apa gudang pusatnya dan lain sebagainya

tentu tentu ada beberapa cek poin yang

harus dilewati ada beberapa kota yang

harus dilewati enggak langsung dari

bandung dari si penjual langsung ke

rumah kalian kan enggak seperti itu nah

kurang lebih konsep dari rooting ya

seperti itu ya untuk meneruskan paket

data dari netbook satu ke network yang

lain dengan menggunakan rute nah di situ

nanti di dalamnya ada proses ya yang

penting kita pahami dulu bahwa konsep

rooting adalah suatu proses meurut kan

paket data dari network satu ke network

lainnya biar menggunakan router atau

meneruskan paket data dari netbook satu

karena blog yang lain itu adalah konsep

rooting

hai kemudian jenis-jenis router yah

jenis rute ribu dibagi dua ada dedicated

router sama pc router kalau dedicated

router itu ya sudah jelas ya jadi jadi

yang merupakan eh brother dari dibuat

dari awalnya juga sebagai router ya

misalkan ini produknya dari linksys atau

misalkan dari sisco dan lain sebagainya

itu banyak sekali bertebaran di pasaran

kemudian yang kedua adalah visi rute

kalau bisa router ini sebenarnya eh

komputer ya komputer d komputer desktop

yang difungsikan sebagai eh brother gitu

tentunya syaratnya sebuah isi bisa

difungsikan sebagai router diantaranya

yaitu adalah harus memiliki minimal dua

minimal dua buah network card atau ic ia

atau kartu jaringan itu

hai asal kalian tahu lah apa itu etnis

iya kalau nggak kalau lupa yach buka

lagi materi-materi sebelumnya kemudian

eh contoh nih ada sebuah jaringan ya a b

c ini sebuah jaringan ada komputer

aacomputer b dan komputer c semuanya

dihubungkan menggunakan ham menggunakan

ip address kelas betul sekali ini adalah

flash coba kalian perhatikan apakah

semua jaringan di sini apa sorry apakah

semua komputer disini bisa saling

terhubung akbb kecoa kecebong keadan

seterusnya coba diva diperhatikan

[Musik]

oh ya tentu saja walaupun ini adalah

sebuah jaringan yang sama eh kelasnya

sama menggunakan class b172 kemudian

subnet maksudnya sama 255 255 25.000 nih

tidak semuanya bisa terhubung coba ada

yang tau kenapa begitu

hai hai

di antara komputer adan komputer b ini

memang bisa terhubung dengan baik eh

mereka bisa saling berkomunikasi dan

ngobrol karena apa karena kalian

perhatikan ya sama-sama kelas b kemudian

net id nya hos-id dan metodenya juga

masih sama 88 di yang b ini 88.4 sorry

yang b ini 88.9 kemudian yang ini

delapan 8.10 sedangkan kalau c ya ini

berbeda network id-nya adalah 90.2 ini

walaupun sama-sama kelas b dan asam

netmasknya sama ini enggak bisa ngobrol

nggak bisa terhubung komputer c ini

dengan komputer a10.com puter p tidak

cukup dengan perangkat menggunakan hub

atau switch saja itu ya

dan lebih jelasnya mungkin di sini nah

dari ketika host pada gambar tadi house

dan a.cos a&b bisa langsung

berkomunikasi sedangkan c tidak dapat

melakukan komunikasi baik dengan ataupun

b walaupun ketiganya memiliki sablet max

yang sama kenapa eh tadi sudah

dijelaskan karena c memiliki net id yang

berbeda dengan a&b

hai kemudian ah oke tadi ya alasannya

adalah network id-nya berbeda nah gimana

sih caranya agar komputer saya tadi

dapat berkomunikasi dengan dua host yang

lain ya yaitu a dan b maka kita perlu

menggunakan router ya kita perlu

menggunakan router yang telah dilengkapi

dengan protokol routing atau rutin

protokol sebagai lagi nah ini gambarnya

komputer adan b sudah bisa terhubung

dengan baik nah komputer c ini tidak

bisa karena tadi sudah jelas ya karena

dia memiliki net id yang berbeda 90.2

sedangkan yang lainnya 88.9 8.10 nah

agar c bisa ngobrol dengan a&b ataupun

dibalik agar adande bisa saling ngobrol

dengan c juga maka kita perlu perangkat

tambahan yang namanya router nanti di

sini kita tambahkan router ya tambahkan

yang sudah dilengkapi dengan rutin

protokol baru ketiganya bisa saling

ngobrol satu sama lain seperti itu ya

nah ini contohnya apa dengan dengan

adanya router enggak enggak hanya net id

nya yang berbeda ya bahkan ip addressnya

berbeda pun entah itu eh di jaringan

sebelah sini misalkan menggunakan ip

kelas b 172 disini menggunakan ip kelas

c 199 dan disini menggunakan 131

walaupun berbeda semuanya kelas a&b c

ini bukan komputer yang maksudnya kelas

ip address ibaratkan anda kelas ab dan c

itu walaupun semuanya berbeda dengan

adanya router yang kita semuanya bisa

saling ngobrol ya tentunya sudah

dilengkapi dengan protokol routing atau

routing protocol dan harus ada yang

dikonfigurasi seperti itu

hai nah ya gambarannya kurang lebih

seperti ini ya network aa5 4-3-2-1

semuanya terhubung dengan rute semuanya

terhubung ke router menggunakan satu eh

apa namanya ya menggunakan satu pintu

atau melewati satu pintu contohnya di

sini ya lewat ipod ini a1 kita anggap

port-port satu disini jadi eh network

ai-7 memiliki misalkan network disini

jaringan a memiliki empat buah komputer

yaitu a2 a3 a4 a5 semuanya terhubung eh

kerut er itu enggak enggak apa namanya

komputer a1 kabel komputer b satu kabel

enggak enggak kayak gitu itu enggak

kayak nyambungin komputer ke switch gak

tapi semuanya nanti dihubungkan dulu

biasanya ke suits atau habis sih keempat

komputer yang dihubungkan dulu misalkan

disini ke switch ch1 nah nanti swiss

tersebut baru di

hubungkan ke router nya jadi satu pintu

itu melewati 114 nanti maksudnya ke sini

kemudian nanti nyampe aku luther ya

tinggal larinya dari router ini mau ke

jaringan yang mana di sini ada misalkan

ada network b network c dan seterusnya

seperti itu ini kalau skala kecil kalau

skala besar ya tentu lebih kompleks lagi

bentuknya nah ini salah kompleksnya

seperti ini ini router di sini ada

jaringan anet loa lepu b network network

deh anggap anggap keempat netbook ini

ke-4 jaringan ini memiliki eh apa

namanya kelas ip yang berbeda net net id

yang berbeda host id yang berbeda netmax

yang berbeda semuanya berbedalah

antarjaringan netbook antara antar

jaringan tersebut ini semuanya bisa

saling terhubung dengan adanya perangkat

router tapi ya itu tadi yang

masing-masing jaringan biasanya eh

masuknya itu hanya melewati

pintu anggap di sini ada switch atau hub

di masing-masing jaringan seperti itu

hai kurang lebih seperti itu dan eh apa

prinsip kerjanya sih dari rute atau

rooting rooting itu prosesnya sebenarnya

prinsip kerja dari router yaitu eh ini

seperti tadi menjelaskan di awal ini ada

komputer * komputer saya misalkan ya ini

adalah komputer tujuan yang mau

dihubungi misalkan ada saya di kota a

dan ini di kota b tentu dari komputer

saya ke komputer yang hendak saya

hubungi itu enggak langsung dari sini ke

sini kan nggak langsung lurus dari sini

ke sini langsung menuju ke komputer

tujuan enggak tapi harus melewati

berbagai macam jaringan yang ada di luar

sana ya nah oleh harus lewat mana dan

melalui jalur yang mana itu nanti ya

tugasnya rutter ya tentukan dari

komputer saya ke komputer yang dihubungi

juga pasti ya pasti pasti sekali sangat

mungkin sekali di sini eh

10 berbeda baik dari ip address dan lain

sebagainya ya itu nanti dengan adanya

router ya udah itu yang yang ngebantu

kita itu nanti truther yang bekerja

harus lewat mana ya padahal kan misalkan

dari komputer saya ke komputer ini

tujuan ya enggak lewat sini pun bisa

lewat muter ke sini pun bisa cuma kenapa

eh harus lewati sini ke network 1 2 3

dan seterusnya yaitu nanti eh apa ada

proses ada algoritma-algoritma yang

harus di tiang sudah dipikirkan oleh

surut terhitung nanti akan dikupas lebih

dalam lagi lah di video-video berikutnya

mungkin

hai yang penting sekarang kita tahu dulu

apa itu router rudding ya cara kerjanya

konsep kerjanya bisa kalian pahami gitu

itu saja kurang lebihnya mohon maaf

assalamualaikum warahmatullahi

wabarokatuh