Naming Esters - Organic Chemistry IUPAC Naming by Leah4sci

Summary

In this educational video, Laya from Live for Sicom explains the process of naming esters in organic chemistry. She clarifies the structure of esters, differentiating them from carboxylic acids, aldehydes, and ethers. The video demonstrates how to derive ester names from carboxylic acids and alcohols, emphasizing the importance of the carbonyl group's position. Examples are provided to illustrate the naming process, including handling of substituents and multiple functional groups. The video is part of a series aiding students in organic chemistry, with resources for further learning and tutoring mentioned.

Takeaways

• 🧪 Ester molecules have an R group attached to a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to an oxygen.
• 🔍 Ester groups can be distinguished from carboxylic acids and aldehydes by their molecular structure.
• 📚 Naming esters is based on the parent carboxylic acid, with the suffix '-oic acid' replaced by '-oate'.
• 🔑 The ester's R' group (methyl group) is named as a prefix to the parent chain name.
• 🔢 The numbering of the parent chain is done to give the carbonyl carbon the lowest number.
• 🔄 In cases where the ester has substituents, they are named with prefixes like 'methyl' or 'ethyl'.
• 📈 Multiple ester groups in a molecule require the prefix 'di-', indicating two ester groups.
• 🌿 When the parent chain is a benzene ring, the ester is named as 'benzoate', retaining the parent name.
• 📚 The priority of functional groups determines the name; esters typically take precedence over aldehydes.
• 📘 The video offers additional resources for learning organic chemistry, including an ebook and online tutoring.

Q & A

What is an ester in the context of organic chemistry?

An ester is a molecule that contains an R group attached to an acyl or carbonyl group (a carbon double bonded to oxygen), which is then attached to a single oxygen, and another R group (R') that can be the same or different from the original R group.

How is an ester different from a carboxylic acid or an aldehyde?

An ester is different from a carboxylic acid, which has a C=O double bond and a single bond to OH, and an aldehyde, which has a C=O double bond and a single bond to H. An ester specifically has an R group and an acyl group attached to an oxygen.

Can you explain the process of forming an ester from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol?

To form an ester, you remove the -OH group (hydroxyl group) from the carboxylic acid and the hydrogen from the -OH group of the alcohol, then join the two molecules together.

What is the naming convention for esters?

Esters are named as if they are carboxylic acids, with the suffix '-oic acid' replaced by '-oate'. Any substituents on the ester group are indicated with prefixes.

How do you name an ester with a methyl group attached to the oxygen?

You prefix the name with 'methyl' to indicate the methyl group attached to the oxygen, and then follow the naming convention for the rest of the ester.

What is the name of an ester derived from a four-carbon parent chain and an ethyl substituent?

The ester would be named 'ethyl butanoate', following the naming convention where 'butanoic' comes from the four-carbon parent chain and 'ethyl' is the prefix for the two-carbon substituent.

How do you handle multiple ester groups in a single molecule?

When there are multiple ester groups, you add the prefix 'di-' for two esters, and the suffix '-oate' becomes '-di-oate'. The substituents are named individually with prefixes.

What is the difference between a benzyl and a phenyl substituent?

A benzyl substituent is a benzene ring with an additional CH2 group, while a phenyl substituent is just the benzene ring itself.

How is an ester with a benzene ring named?

The ester is named by retaining the parent name of the benzene ring ('benzoate') and then adding the substituent name and the ester suffix.

What is the final name of an ester with a three-carbon parent chain and two methyl substituents on the ester group?

The ester would be named 'dimethyl propanedioate', indicating two methyl substituents on a three-carbon parent chain with two ester groups.

What is the significance of the number one being understood and not included in the name of an ester?

In ester nomenclature, the number one is understood to be the position of the terminal functional group, so it is not explicitly stated in the name.

Outlines

00:00

🧪 Understanding and Naming Esters

This paragraph explains what esters are and how to name them in organic chemistry. An ester is characterized by an R group attached to an acyl or carbonyl group, which is a carbon double bonded to oxygen, and another R group (R'). The paragraph clarifies that esters should not be confused with carboxylic acids, aldehydes, or ethers. It describes the process of forming an ester from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol, emphasizing the importance of naming esters as carboxylic acid derivatives. The naming convention involves treating the ester as if it were a carboxylic acid, with the ending '-oic acid' replaced by '-oate'. Examples are given to illustrate the process, including how to handle different parent chains, substituents, and the use of prefixes like 'methyl' and 'ethyl'. The paragraph also addresses the situation where the carbonyl group is not on the longest chain, and how to handle multiple ester groups in a molecule.

05:03

📚 Advanced Ester Nomenclature

The second paragraph delves into more complex scenarios of ester nomenclature, such as when multiple functional groups are present or when there are multiple esters in a molecule. It explains that the ester group typically takes the highest priority in naming. An example is given where an aldehyde group, being of lower priority, is demoted to a substituent. The paragraph also addresses the特殊情况 of esters derived from benzene rings, explaining the retention of the parent name 'benzoate' and the distinction between 'benzyl' and 'phenyl' substituents. The video script concludes with a call to action for viewers to download an ebook, seek tutoring, and engage with the content by subscribing and sharing the video.

Keywords

💡Ester

An ester is a compound derived from an acid (usually a carboxylic acid) in which at least one hydroxyl group is replaced by an alkoxy group. In the context of the video, esters are described as molecules with an R group attached to a carbonyl group, which is a carbon double-bonded to an oxygen. The video explains how to name esters, emphasizing that they are formed from carboxylic acids and alcohols, and their nomenclature reflects this relationship.

💡R group

The R group represents the parent chain in an ester molecule. It is the part of the molecule that is not directly involved in the functional group but is crucial for determining the molecule's structure and name. The video uses R groups to illustrate how esters are named, showing that the parent chain with the carbonyl group takes priority in naming.

💡Carbonyl group

A carbonyl group is a functional group with a carbon-oxygen double bond, consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom. In the video, the carbonyl group is central to the ester structure and is used to identify the parent chain during the naming process. It is also mentioned as a point of differentiation from other functional groups like aldehydes and carboxylic acids.

💡Acyl group

An acyl group is similar to a carbonyl group but is part of a larger molecule, often derived from a carboxylic acid by the removal of the hydroxyl group. The video script refers to the acyl group as being part of the ester structure, connecting it to the carbonyl group and emphasizing its role in forming esters from carboxylic acids.

💡Carboxylic acid

A carboxylic acid is an organic compound that contains a carboxyl group (a carbon-oxygen double bond with a single bond to a hydroxyl group). The video explains that esters are derived from carboxylic acids and alcohols, and the naming of esters is closely related to the carboxylic acid from which they are formed.

💡Alcohol

An alcohol is an organic compound with one or more hydroxyl groups (-OH) attached to a carbon atom. In the video, alcohols are mentioned as reactants that combine with carboxylic acids to form esters through a condensation reaction, where the hydroxyl group of the alcohol combines with the carboxyl group of the acid.

💡Nomenclature

Nomenclature in chemistry refers to the systematic naming of chemical compounds. The video focuses on the rules for naming esters, which include identifying the parent chain, numbering carbons to give the carbonyl group the lowest number, and using prefixes for substituents. It is crucial for understanding how to name and identify different esters.

💡Substituent

A substituent is any atom or group of atoms that can be attached to a parent chain in a molecule. In the context of the video, substituents like methyl or ethyl groups are discussed as part of the ester's structure and are included in the naming process, with prefixes indicating their presence and position.

💡Functional group

A functional group is a specific group of atoms within molecules that is responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. The video describes the ester functional group and how it dictates the molecule's reactivity and its naming priority over other groups like aldehydes.

💡Parent chain

The parent chain in organic chemistry is the longest carbon chain in a molecule that contains the functional group. The video script emphasizes the importance of identifying the parent chain, which holds the carbonyl group, in the naming of esters, as it determines the base name of the ester.

💡Prefix

A prefix in chemical nomenclature is used to indicate the presence and position of substituents in a molecule. The video provides examples of how prefixes like 'methyl' or 'ethyl' are used to denote the substituents attached to the parent chain or the ester group, which is crucial for the complete naming of the ester.

Highlights

Ester is a molecule with an R group attached to an acyl or carbonyl group.

R' group in an ester can be the same or different from the original R group.

Esters should not be confused with carboxylic acids or aldehydes.

Esters can also be represented as RCOOR' or RCO2R'.

Esters are carboxylic acid derivatives and can be formed from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol.

When naming an ester, treat it as if it's a carboxylic acid.

The ester group coming off of the oxygen is treated as a prefix.

The number one is understood and does not have to be included in the ester name.

Ester substituents may sometimes be abbreviated.

When naming an ester, mark the parent chain as the one holding the carbonyl.

In cases with multiple functional groups, the ester typically takes the highest priority.

When there are more than one ester in a molecule, add the prefix 'di'.

The parent chain with three carbons and two esters implies functional groups at carbon number one and three.

The parent name is retained when naming the ester, even if it appears to be a benzene ring.

The substituent coming off the ester in a benzene ring is called a phenyl substituent.

The final name of an ester derived from a benzene ring is phenyl benzoate.

Download the ebook '10 secrets to acing organic chemistry' for more information.

For online tutoring, visit the provided link.

Subscribe to the channel for more related videos on organic chemistry.

Transcripts

laya here from live for sicom and in

this video i will show you how to name

esters an ester is a molecule that has

an R group which represents your parent

chain attached to an acyl or carbonyl

group which is a carbon double bound to

an oxygen attached to a single oxygen

and then another R group represented as

R prime our prime can be the same or

different from your original R don't

confuse an ester with a molecule that

has our C double bond o single bound o H

which is a carboxylic acid or with a

molecule that has an R C double bond o

single bound H which is an aldehyde nor

with an R single bound o bound to R

prime which is an ether an ester can

also be written as RC o o R or our co2

are an ester is a carboxylic acid

derivative that means it can be formed

from a carboxylic acid and therefore the

name will also be related if we look at

a carboxylic acid and place it next to

an alcohol which I'm writing is H o R if

we remove the OEM the carboxyl viii from

the alcohol and bring the two pieces

together we form our ester therefore

when naming an ester you name it as if

it's a carboxylic acid which has the

ending Oh a Cassidy replace a acid with

a te we'll start with a simple

comparison each parent chain has two

carbons where the carbonyl is the

highest priority for the first group we

have a first name of F and the last name

of aimed for only single bonds since

it's a carboxylic acid we get the ending

Olek acid since omec acid begins in a

vowel i draft the e inane for a final

name of ethanoic acid for my ester i

treated the same way however i have to

take into account the methyl group

coming off of the oxygen this becomes a

prefix to the entire name and so I

simply put methyl as its own word since

the parent has two carbons I get a first

name F only single bonds gives me a last

name of N and in place of a wick acid

I use the ending oh wait just like in a

carboxylic acid the number one is

understood and does not have to be

included and since oh it starts in a

vowel I drop the e inane for a final

name of methyl F a no 8

the methyl of the ester is separate from

the parent name which is a fan o eight

let's try another example

we'll start by identifying and

highlighting our parent chain and

numbering so that the carbonyl gets the

lowest number I have a total of four for

a first name of Bute only single bonds

in the parent chain for a last name of a

my only substituent comes off of the

oxygen and has two carbons for a prefix

of ethyl and the ester functional group

gives me a last name of oh wait I drop

the e and Ain for a final name of ethyl

butanoic your ester substituents may

sometimes be abbreviated in this case

the Emmy stands for methyl you may also

see et for ethyl or PR for propyl to

name this molecule we identify and

highlight the parent chain giving the

carbonyl the lowest priority 3 carbons

gives me a first name of proq only

single bonds gives me a last name of aim

I have a methyl substituent on both the

ester group and on the parent chain and

I have to name them individually the

Emmy substituent gives me a prefix of

methyl since it is not directly attached

to the parent chain while the one carbon

substituent on carbon 2 gives me the

prefix of 2 methyl since this is an

ester I get the N linked Oh 8 in putting

this name together the ester substituent

precedes the name followed by the parent

chain ordered according to the puzzle

pieces and don't forget to drop the e

since oh it begins in a vowel this gives

me a final name of methyl to methyl

propane o 8

we're naming your Esther be sure you

mark the parent chain as the one holding

the carbonyl in these two examples I

have a three carbon chain and then a two

carbon chain

however the carbonyl groups are on

opposite sides and therefore my parent

chain x' will actually be different for

the first example I have a three carbon

parent chain with a 2 carbon ester

substituent while in the second example

I have a two carbon parent chain with a

three carbon ester substituent in the

first example 3 carbons gives me a first

name of proq only single bonds gives me

a last name of aim an ethyl substituent

on the ester gives me the prefix ethyl

and the ending is oh wait for the second

example I have a first name of F a last

name of aim but a 3 carbon substituent

off the ester for a prefix propyl and of

course the ending oh wait

this gives the first molecule a final

name of ethyl propionate and the second

molecule purple ethanoate when you have

multiple functional groups the ester

typically takes highest priority in this

example the ester is higher priority and

so a number from the right for a total

of 6 carbons and a first name of hex

only single bonds gives me a last name

of aim ET on the ester gives me a prefix

of ethyl and the ester functional group

gives me a last name of oh wait since

the aldehyde is a lower priority group

it gets demoted from the functional

group ending in a L to a substituent

with a prefix Aqsa this gives me 6 ox o

for a final name of ethyl 6 ox o hexa no

8 when you have more than one ester in

your molecule you treat it the same way

but add the prefix die in this example I

have 3 carbons in my parent chain for a

first name of proq only single bonds

gives me a last name of a since both

esters have a methyl substituent i get

the prefix dimethyl and since i have two

esters i get the ending die oh wait i

don't drop the e' and aim since the

d-ind io 8 separates the two vowels

putting the name together I get dimethyl

propane die oh wait notice that I didn't

include a number for the first or the

last ester given that these are

understood to be terminal functional

groups a parent chain with three carbons

and two esters implies carbon number one

and carbon 3 both have to contain the

functional group we'll end this section

with an interesting example notice that

the parent chain appears to be a benzene

ring with a single carbon coming off of

it the carboxyl version of this molecule

is benzene with a carboxylic acid

substituents which is named benzoic acid

the parent name is retained when naming

the ester giving me a parent name of

benzoate that's because I dropped the

ick acid and replace it with oh it's the

substituent coming off the ester appears

to be a benzyl group as well however

when you have just a benzene without an

extra ch2 this is called a phenyl

substituent which gives me a final name

of phenyl benzoate join me in the next

video we'll recap naming primary

secondary and tertiary amines are you

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