AUTOMATIC POWER FACTOR CORRECTION USING ARDUINO // Engineering / electrical / electronic / diploma

Summary

This video demonstrates an automatic power factor correction system using Arduino. It includes a step-down transformer, voltage regulator, Arduino board, LCD display, capacitor bank, relays, and a CT for an inductive load. The system can operate in lagging and composting modes, automatically correcting power factor by adjusting the capacitor bank via relays. A manual mode is also provided for demonstration and study purposes, allowing users to manually adjust the power factor by controlling the capacitors.

Takeaways

• 🔌 **Hardware Components**: The system includes a Step Down Transformer, Voltage Regulator, Arduino Board, LCD Display, Capacitor Bank, Relays, Relay Driver ICs, and an Inductive Load CT.
• 📊 **Initial Power Factor**: The power factor starts at 0.56 with an inductive load, indicating a lagging power factor.
• ⏱️ **Current Lag**: The 'I lag' is initially 3.2 msec due to the inductive load.
• 💡 **Automatic Correction**: Arduino automatically turns on two relays to correct the power factor.
• 🔄 **Power Factor Unity**: When the inductive load is off, the 'I lag' decreases near to zero, achieving a power factor of unity.
• 🔁 **Reactive Power**: When the inductive load is back, the 'I lag' returns to 3.2 msec, and the power factor drops to 0.53.
• 📈 **Manual Mode**: A manual mode is available for demonstration and study purposes, allowing for manual control of power factor correction.
• 🎛️ **Mode Switching**: The system can switch between lagging and composting modes, affecting how the current waveform is processed by the Arduino.
• 🔋 **Capacitor Bank Adjustment**: By pressing buttons, capacitors can be added or removed from the circuit to adjust the 'I lag' and improve the power factor.
• 🔄 **Dynamic Correction**: The project works in both manual and auto modes, allowing for dynamic correction of the power factor.
• 📚 **Educational Tool**: The kit serves as an educational tool to understand automatic power factor correction concepts.

Q & A

What is the purpose of the project described in the script?

The purpose of the project is to demonstrate automatic power factor correction using an Arduino.

What are the main components required for this project?

The main components include a Step Down Transformer, Voltage Regulator circuit, Arduino Board, LCD Display, Capacitor Bank, Relays for switching the capacitor bank, Relay Driver ICs, and an Inductive Load CT.

What is the initial power factor with the inductive load present?

The initial power factor with the inductive load present is 0.56.

How does the Arduino correct the power factor?

The Arduino corrects the power factor by automatically turning on two relays to switch capacitors in the bank, which adjusts the power factor.

What happens to the 'I lag' when the inductive load is turned off?

When the inductive load is turned off, 'I lag' decreases and approaches zero, resulting in a power factor of unity.

What is the role of the capacitor bank in this project?

The capacitor bank is used to provide reactive power compensation to correct the power factor by balancing the inductive reactive power.

What is the significance of the 'lagging mode' mentioned in the script?

In the 'lagging mode', the current waveform is derived solely from the inductive load, which causes the power factor to lag.

How does the 'composting mode' differ from the 'lagging mode'?

In the 'composting mode', the waveform is developed by both the capacitive and inductive loads, which helps in achieving a more balanced power factor.

What is the manual mode for in this project?

The manual mode allows for the adjustment of the power factor by manually pressing buttons to add or remove capacitors from the circuit.

What happens when one button is pressed in manual mode?

Pressing one button in manual mode results in an improved power factor of 0.33 due to the addition of one capacitor, reducing 'I lag' to 1.56 msec.

What is the effect of adding another capacitor while in manual mode?

Adding another capacitor in manual mode causes 'I' to lead by 1.9 msec, which decreases the improved power factor.

How does the LCD display contribute to the project?

The LCD display shows the current status of the power factor and 'I lag', providing real-time feedback on the system's performance.

Outlines

00:00

🔌 Automatic Power Factor Correction with Arduino

The script introduces a project titled 'AUTOMATIC POWER FACTOR CORRECTION USING ARDUINO.' It details the hardware components involved, which include a Step Down Transformer, Voltage Regulator circuit, Arduino Board, LCD Display, Capacitor Bank, Relays for switching the capacitor bank, Relay Driver ICs, and Inductive load CT. The project demonstrates how the power factor is corrected automatically by Arduino when the inductive load is present, showing the 'I lag' and power factor values. It also explains the lagging and composting modes and how the power factor is corrected in both modes. A manual mode is included for demonstration and learning purposes, allowing the user to manually adjust the power factor by pressing buttons to add capacitors to the circuit.

Keywords

💡Power Factor Correction

Power Factor Correction is the process of improving the power factor in AC electrical power systems. The power factor is a measure of how effectively electrical power is being used. In the video, this concept is central as the project aims to automatically correct the power factor using an Arduino-based system. The script mentions that the power factor is initially low (0.56) due to the inductive load, and the system is designed to correct it by adjusting the capacitor bank.

💡Arduino

Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software. It is used in this project to control the power factor correction system. The Arduino board is programmed to monitor the power factor and automatically switch the capacitor bank using relays to improve the power factor, as mentioned in the script where it says 'two relay automatically ON by Arduino'.

💡Capacitor Bank

A capacitor bank is a group of capacitors connected together to store electrical energy. In the context of the video, the capacitor bank is used to provide reactive power compensation, which helps in correcting the power factor. The script describes how the capacitor bank is switched on and off by relays controlled by the Arduino to adjust the power factor.

💡Relay

A relay is an electrically operated switch that can turn the power on or off in a circuit. In the video, relays are used to switch the capacitor bank on and off to correct the power factor. The script mentions 'Relay's are there' to control the capacitor bank, indicating their role in the automatic power factor correction process.

💡Inductive Load

An inductive load is an electrical device or system that causes a phase shift between the voltage and current waveforms, leading to a lagging power factor. In the video, the inductive load is present, causing an initial 'I lag' of 3.2 msec and a power factor of 0.56. The automatic power factor correction system is designed to counteract the effects of this inductive load.

💡Lagging Power Factor

A lagging power factor occurs when the current lags behind the voltage in an AC circuit, which is typical in systems with a lot of inductive loads. The script describes a scenario where the power factor is lagging (0.53) due to the inductive load, and the system is designed to correct this by adding capacitive reactance.

💡LCD Display

An LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) is used in the project to display the power factor and other relevant parameters. It provides a visual representation of the system's status, allowing users to see the power factor before and after correction. The script mentions the LCD display as part of the hardware setup.

💡I lag

I lag refers to the phase difference between the current and voltage waveforms in an AC circuit when the current lags behind the voltage. In the video, the term 'I lag' is used to describe the initial condition of the system before power factor correction, where the current lags by 3.2 msec, leading to a low power factor.

💡Relay Driver IC's

Relay Driver ICs are integrated circuits designed to drive relays. They are used in the project to control the relays that switch the capacitor bank. The script mentions 'Relay Driver IC's' as part of the hardware components, indicating their role in the automatic control of the power factor correction system.

💡Composting Mode

Composting mode refers to a setting in the power factor correction system where both inductive and capacitive loads are considered. In the video, the script explains that when the system is in composting mode, the waveform developed by both loads is used to correct the power factor, resulting in a more accurate correction.

💡Manual Mode

Manual mode is a setting in the power factor correction system that allows for manual adjustment of the power factor. In the video, the script describes a manual mode where the user can press buttons to adjust the power factor by adding or removing capacitors from the bank, providing a hands-on approach to power factor correction.

Highlights

Introduction to Model No.364: AUTOMATIC POWER FACTOR CORRECTION USING ARDUINO

Hardware components include Step Down Transformer, Voltage Regulator circuit, Arduino Board, LCD Display, Capacitor Bank, Relays, Relay Driver ICs, and Inductive load CT

Arduino controls the switching of the capacitor bank through Relays

Inductive load is present, resulting in 'I lag' of 3.2 msec and a Power Factor of 0.56

Two relays automatically turn ON by Arduino to correct the power factor

When inductive load is off, 'I lag' decreases, approaching zero, and Power Factor becomes unity

Power Factor decreases to 0.53 when inductive load is reintroduced

Explanation of lagging mode and how it affects the current waveform

Switching to composting mode results in a balanced waveform from both capacitive and inductive loads

Manual mode allows for demonstration and study purposes

In manual mode, pressing one button improves Power Factor to 0.33 by adjusting 'I lag'

Pressing two buttons further decreases 'I lag' to zero, achieving unity Power Factor

Adding another capacitor in manual mode leads to 'I' leading and a decrease in improved Power Factor

Project operates in both manual and auto modes, as well as lagging and composting modes

Overview of automatic power factor correction using the kit

Conclusion and thanks for the presentation

Transcripts

Hello All, This is Model No.364

"AUTOMATIC POWER FACTOR CORRECTION USING ARDUINO."

First we will see the hardware part.

Step Down Transformer,Voltage Regulator circuit,

Arduino Board, LCD Display ,Capacitor Bank,

To switching the capacitor bank Relay's are there,

Relay Driver IC's and Inductive load CT.

We see the output .

Now this is the inductive load, all ready here present.

That's why 'I lag' is 3.2 msec ,Power Factor is 0.56 ,

and for the correction of the power factor ,

two relay automatically ON by Arduino .

Whenever inductive load is out off picture ,

Then 'I lag' is decreases ,it near to zero .

That's why Power Factor is unity .

Again inductive load is coming in picture ,

Then 'I lag' is 3.2 m sec.

That's why Power Factor is decreases 0.53

This is a lagging mode ,

Means only current waveform came form the inductive load given to the Arduino .

But whenever we put the composting mode ,

Then waveform which is developed by capasitive load as well as inductive load

given to the Arduino

That's why we have to put switch in the lagging mode ,

Then Power Factor is corrected automatically.

For demo striation purpose or studying purpose we have put one facility ,

That is a manual mode .

The switch is Manual mode as well as Auto mode,

Now it is on manual mode ,

Whenever we press the one button ,

then improved Power Factor is 0.33

Because instead of 'I lag' is 3 m sec ,

now 'I lag' is 1.56

Because one capacitor is come in the picture

Whenever we will press the two buttons ,

Then 'I lag ' is again decreases .

See here , '0' m sec .

That's why Power Factor is unity ' 1 ' .

and improved Power Factor is 0.45 m sec .

But Whenever we will add another capacitor ,

Then ' I ' leads 1.9 m sec

and improved Power Factor is decreases .

Means like this ,

This project is working in the manual mode as well as auto mode ,

Lagging mode as well as Composting mode .

So we can understand the hole concept of the automatic

power factor correction with the help of this kit .

Thank You .