咩係女權?女性主義背景簡介 [婦女新知]
Summary
TLDRIn this episode of 'Happy Kongner's Women's New Knowledge', host Kezai introduces the International Women's Day and its historical significance, dating back to the early struggles for women's rights. The script addresses the evolution of feminism, debunks misconceptions, and encourages a deeper understanding of gender issues. It humorously navigates through societal perceptions and the journey towards equality, inviting viewers to engage in the conversation on social media.
Takeaways
- 🎙️ The script introduces a new YouTube show 'Women's New Knowledge' by Happy Kongner, emphasizing the importance of female voices in media.
- 📅 The show acknowledges International Women's Day, highlighting its historical significance since the early 20th century and its establishment by the United Nations in 1975.
- 🔊 It discusses the ongoing relevance and controversy of feminism, noting that despite progress, there are still significant disparities and debates around women's rights.
- 💬 The script encourages open dialogue about gender issues and feminism, urging viewers not to stereotype or hastily judge those with different perspectives.
- 👥 It clarifies that the show is not gender-specific, aiming to educate all genders about gender issues and advocating for cooperation between different genders.
- 🏛 The script delves into historical perspectives on gender roles, mentioning the theories of Bachofen about matriarchal societies and the dominance of patriarchal systems throughout history.
- 🤔 It questions why matriarchal societies are rare despite the importance of the mother figure, hinting at the influence of physical strength and societal structures on gender roles.
- 🏡 The script explains the concept of patrilineal societies where inheritance and social status are passed down through the male line, leading to a concentration of wealth and power among men.
- 👨👩👧👦 It describes how patriarchy is not just about male dominance but also about the ideology that shapes societal norms and expectations around gender roles.
- 💼 The script touches on the historical division of labor, with men as the breadwinners and women confined to domestic roles, reinforcing gender stereotypes.
- 💡 It credits the Enlightenment thinkers for challenging traditional gender norms and inspiring women to reconsider their status, setting the stage for the emergence of feminism.
Q & A
What is the main theme of the new program 'Women's New Knowledge' on Happy Kongner's YouTube channel?
-The main theme of the program is to discuss women's rights and gender issues, providing a platform for female voices in a male-dominated hosting environment.
Why is the International Women's Day celebrated on March 8th?
-International Women's Day is celebrated on March 8th to commemorate the historical struggles for women's labor rights and voting rights, and it was officially recognized by the United Nations in 1975.
What does the host suggest about the perception of feminism in the current era?
-The host suggests that while feminism is no longer a taboo subject, it remains controversial due to differing views on women's social inequalities, even among those who share the same political stance.
How does the script address the potential misunderstandings about feminism?
-The script acknowledges potential misunderstandings and aims to clarify them by explaining the history and background of feminism, encouraging viewers to learn more before forming opinions.
What is the historical context provided for the evolution of gender roles in society?
-The script discusses the transition from matrilineal societies to patriarchal ones, influenced by factors such as economic development, social structure, and physical differences between men and women.
What is the significance of the term 'matrilocal residence' mentioned in the script?
-Matrilocal residence refers to a social structure where individuals live with or near their mother's family, which was common in early matrilineal societies.
How does the script differentiate between matrilineal and matriarchal societies?
-While matrilineal societies trace descent and inheritance through the female line, matriarchal societies are characterized by women holding positions of authority and power, which is less common.
What role does physical strength play in the development of patriarchal societies according to the script?
-The script suggests that men's physical strength, with more muscle and power, led to their dominance in roles requiring physical labor, such as hunting, which in turn influenced social and political power structures.
How does the script describe the impact of the Enlightenment thinkers on women's awareness?
-The script credits Enlightenment thinkers like Rousseau, Montesquieu, and Voltaire with challenging traditional gender roles and inspiring women to reconsider their status in society.
What is the script's view on the role of women in the public and private spheres during the development of industrial societies?
-The script indicates that as manufacturing developed and work became separated from home, men were seen as the breadwinners in the public sphere, while women were expected to stay at home and fulfill domestic roles.
What advice does the host provide for viewers who may have questions or opinions about gender issues?
-The host encourages viewers to share their questions and opinions in the comments section and to follow Happy Kongner on social media platforms for more discussions and updates on gender issues.
Outlines
🌟 Introduction to Women's Rights on International Women's Day
The script opens with a warm welcome to a new episode of 'Happy Kongner' featuring a female host, a rarity on this YouTube channel dominated by male hosts. The host celebrates International Women's Day, acknowledging the historical struggle for women's rights, including labor rights and suffrage, which led to the United Nations recognizing March 8th as International Women's Day in 1975. The episode aims to discuss women's rights, a topic that, despite being less taboo, remains highly controversial due to ongoing gender inequality. The host invites viewers to understand the nuances of feminism before engaging in discussions with friends, and emphasizes that the show is not gender-specific, advocating for mutual understanding and cooperation between genders.
📚 Historical Context of Patriarchy and Women's Awakening
This paragraph delves into the historical context of gender dynamics, exploring the theory of matriarchy as proposed by Bachofen, which suggests that early societies revered women due to their childbearing abilities and religious beliefs. However, the script challenges this theory, presenting evidence that patriarchy has been the dominant social structure throughout most of human history. It discusses the shift from matrilineal societies to patrilineal ones with the development of stable marital relationships and the establishment of property rights. The paragraph also touches on the physical differences between men and women, which historically placed men in roles requiring physical strength, such as hunting, and consequently led to their dominance in societal leadership. The script concludes by highlighting the Enlightenment thinkers like Rousseau, Montesquieu, and Voltaire, who contributed to the awakening of women's consciousness and the questioning of traditional gender roles.
👋 Conclusion and Invitation for Further Engagement
The final paragraph serves as a conclusion to the episode, inviting viewers to continue the conversation on gender issues in future episodes. The host encourages viewers to share their questions and opinions on gender topics, and to follow 'Happy Kongner' on social media platforms for updates and interactions with the creators. The script ends with a call to action for viewers to subscribe, share, and like the video, expressing gratitude for the audience's support and interest in the topic of gender equality and women's rights.
Mindmap
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Keywords
💡Feminism
💡International Women's Day
💡Patriarchy
💡Gender Roles
💡Matrilineal Society
💡Enlightenment
💡Social Contract
💡Breadwinner
💡Gender Equality
💡Meme
💡Stereotype
Highlights
Introducing a new show on Happy Kongner's YouTube channel called 'New Knowledge for Women,' hosted by a female presenter.
Celebrating International Women's Day, a day recognized by many countries since the United Nations began celebrating it in 1975.
Discussing the historical struggle for women's labor rights and voting rights initiated by women from Western countries over a century ago.
Highlighting the controversial and sensitive nature of women's rights topics, even though they are widely discussed in modern times.
Emphasizing the importance of understanding feminism from its historical background to dispel common misconceptions.
Addressing derogatory comments towards women and urging for a respectful and informed discussion about gender issues.
Stressing that the program aims to educate on gender issues and the women's and men's rights movements, without targeting any specific gender.
Comparing male-dominated societies and feminist movements to understand their evolution and impacts on gender roles.
Referencing Bachofen's theory on matriarchy, which posits that ancient societies revered women for their reproductive abilities.
Discussing the replacement of matriarchal societies by patriarchal ones with the development of stable marriage and property ownership.
Acknowledging the existence of matrilineal societies, like Taiwan's Amis tribe, where inheritance is matrilineal but public affairs are male-dominated.
Exploring the physiological differences between men and women that historically contributed to male dominance in labor and leadership roles.
Noting historical instances of female rulers, such as Queen Mary and Empress Dowager Cixi, but recognizing the general male dominance in politics.
Explaining how the Enlightenment thinkers like Rousseau, Montesquieu, and Voltaire influenced societal views on equality and women's roles.
Highlighting the limited and gender-biased perspectives of Enlightenment thinkers on women's education and social roles.
Detailing the rise of feminism as women began to question their societal roles and fight for equal rights following Enlightenment ideals.
Encouraging viewers to explore gender issues further and participate in discussions through comments and social media interaction.
Promoting the hosts' new Instagram account for more engagement with viewers and updates on gender-related content.
Transcripts
大家好,我係柯仔。
我係分身。
歡迎收睇Happy Kongner嘅新節目《婦女新知》。
喺呢個充滿男性主持人嘅YouTube Channel,
終於可以聽到女主持嘅聲喇~
Happy Kongner仝人 恭祝各位㩒咗入黎呢條片嘅弟兄姊妹 婦女節快樂呀。
等我先講下今日有咩特別啦。
喺我地爭取為Happy Kongner加入女性聲音嘅 一個世紀之前,
一班來自西方國家嘅婦女,
就已經開始爭取女性勞工權益、女性投票權等等。
直至1975年,聯合國就開始慶祝三八婦女節喇。
而三月八號呢一日,就正式成為 各國認可嘅國際婦女節。
今日,作為一個咁特別嘅日子, 我哋專登去講關於女權呢個話題,
女權呢樣野喺呢個年代已經唔再係敏感嘅題目, 但依然爭議性十足。
係因為有關女性喺社會上面對嘅各種不平等現象,
喺絕大部分國家都已經可以大膽提出,大膽發聲。
而話佢具爭議性,係因為即使你認為 同你啲朋友有同一個政治立場,
你哋對女權呢樣野嘅睇法都有機會唔同架。
喺你急住同朋友開始討論之前, 不妨睇咗今集嘅內容先。
今集我哋就會講講女性主義嘅誕生 同埋一啲背景先,
因為一條片實在講唔晒太多嘅內容, 希望大家可以跟住我哋
由頭開始了解女性主義到底所謂何物啦。 呢個時候實會有少數人跳出黎話:
「吓?你哋即係吹奏女權L啦? 女人係雞係公廁!@#$!@(#*%」
嗱嗱嗱如果你係咁諗,只可以講,
貶低女性對大家都無好處㗎, 亦都好難一句說話就將一種性別嘅人定型,
諒你都唔敢喺你阿媽面前咁樣話佢啦~
所以去定義其他性別嘅人之前, 你又有無好好咁了解佢哋呢?
所以呢一個欄目並無針對任何性別, 因為無論你係咩性別,
都應該對性別議題同埋女權/ 男權運動有多啲認識。
就好似某個黨以前會講嘅 「團結起來,爭取更大的勝利」,
所以唔同性別之間,都應該好好合作嘅。
我就明啦,有時睇到某啲 自稱女權主義者嘅言論同行為,
的確係會好令人費解、抗拒甚至反感。
但女性主義係咪就同被害妄想畫上咗等號呢?
係咪女權份子就一定會係好激進好難頂嘅呢?
可能唔少㩒入黎睇嘅人,腦入面都不自覺地浮現出
「杯水想強姦我呀!」呢張meme,
只可以話張圖對女權L嘅刻劃實在係太深入民心啦。
我知道廣東話真係博大精深,當我地用 「乜乜L」嚟形容社會上某一類人嘅時候,
通常果類人對於佢地稱號前嘅果兩個字, 都會有住一種異常戇膠嘅狂熱,
以至其他人未必能夠理解嘅狀態。
就好似我本人咁, 就經常會得到「正義L」同「認真L」
呢個咁有原則性嘅稱號。
好彩我個人就凡事都無乜所謂,
只要唔衝破我底線就無問題, 咁講我應該就咩L都唔係,
最多算係個忍者囉,如果唔係點頂得順 身邊又mean又長氣嗰條友呢。
得喇得喇,呢啲留返你哋開感情台先慢慢講啦。
今次我哋嘅合作呢, 係希望可以透過講解人類歷史同社會因素,
話畀大家聽唔同年代背景, 大家口中嘅女權L到底係點,
從而慢慢消除一啲大眾對女性主義嘅誤解。
事不宜遲,我哋就由一啲歷史背景講起啦。
喺人類社會最原始嘅時代, 兩性之間嘅關係係點㗎呢?
我就其實聽講過,有個人類學家叫 Bachofen巴霍芬,
佢就有一套母權論述,主要係話以前嘅人因為宗教 所以將女性生育睇成一種神聖嘅存在,
同時又講咗啲關於埃及啊雅典啊呢啲地方嘅神話,
嚟證明史前已經有母權制。
亦有說法就話原始人出世之後淨係知邊個係阿媽,
唔會知阿爸係邊個㗎, 呢個其實係群婚制下雜亂性交嘅結果,
我第一個諗法除咗貴圈真亂之外呢, 我就覺得可能因為原始人無乜嘢做啦,
啲阿媽又無得煲劇同埋上baby乜嘢dom,
所以就可以好專心咁湊仔同餵奶喇,因此早期人類社會 普遍採用從妻而居(matrilocal residence)模式,
發展為母系氏族社會(matrilineal society), 即係跟阿媽性、同阿媽嘅家族住埋一齊咁。
隨着產業發展,婚姻關係穩定,先畀父系氏族取代。
但有好多研究都推翻咗上面嘅說法喎。
相反,有壓倒性嘅證據顯示,直到現代之前,
喺人類歷史上面,父系制始終係主流同常態。
但係女人作為一個阿媽嘅形象同角色 其實一直都好重要吖?
就算係啲粗口都好鍾意提起人哋媽媽喎, 點解會無母權社會出現嘅?
的確,有啲地方係女性 當道嘅母系社會,
好似臺灣嘅阿美族咁。 阿美族嘅男人結婚之後要搬去老婆屋企住,
土地繼承權亦都歸女人所有。
但係,其實阿美族部落入面嘅公共事務 都係由男人話事,
女人係無議事權架。
所以極其量我地可以話佢係一個母系氏族社會,
係唔會話佢地係母權社會囉。
喺普遍父系氏族嘅情況之下, 男人喺社會入面就顯得更加有影響力。
其實我地喺人類構造方面都可以睇到一啲端倪, 因為健全男女嘅體能可以相差好遠。
男性天生有更多肌肉同力量, 所以有時會出現以下嘅情況:
「BB~我今日返工好攰啊, 個袋又好重,幫我拎一陣吖~」
不要一槍打死我。
所以當要生產力嘅時候, 負責外出狩獵嘅男性自然掌握權力,
就好似以前嘅部落長、族長咁嘅職位, 都係男性嘅天下。
其實歷史上都有出現過啲女性掌權嘅情況,
有瑪麗皇后啊,慈禧啊呢啲人出現。
但始終男人都係公共政治事務嘅主導, 以前男人從政嘅機會又真係大好多嘅。
咁母權就咁難搵啦,咁父權又係有幾普及啊?
首先,要理解父權呢樣嘢,就要由父系社會講返起。
父系社會入面,男性嘅財產權 同社會地位都會高過女性。
然後普遍都會係「從夫居」,
即係「嫁出去嘅女,潑出去嘅水」呀。
咁大家跟老公住,跟老豆姓, 亦即係仔女就成為父系氏族嘅成員啦,
成為老豆財產嘅繼承者, 咁嗰陣開始咪有啲人可以靠父幹囉?
亦即係開始貧者愈貧富者愈富啦。
咁樣社會慢慢產生咗貧富懸殊,
之後就有階級社會嘅出現啦。
所以父系制度呢樣嘢 真係令男性地位提高到另一層次,
男性依靠著呢啲經濟上嘅優勢, 統治咗社會嘅生產同埋生活嘅大小事。
父權之所以會出現,就係因為父系社會嘅誕生。
咁父權當然就係著重「權力」呢兩隻字啦, 當個社會將好多嘅資源同權力畀男人嗰陣,
父權思想就會產生同埋繼續傳播落去。 所以父權體制就係將呢種權力,
發展出完善嘅制度,令父系社會嘅運作 同埋男性嘅地位可以KEEP住咁優越。
即係男人可以依照自己嘅慾望 同意願去諗嘢同埋支配其他人啦,
尤其是對住屋企嗰件添。 所以慢慢呢啲思想就可以形成一種意識形態 ,
可以對一啲倫理道德啊, 性別角色之類嘅概念去進行定義,
而且久而久之啲人就會不求甚解, 自動接收咗呢啲約定俗成嘅規則。
點解以前嘅女人可以咁忍讓, 自願畀男人操控住所有嘢呢?
哇,我覺得呢樣嘢可以話係有雞先 定有蛋先嘅問題,
到底係有壓迫但無反抗,定無反抗先有壓迫呢?
但普遍人會認同天性令男女有別, 然後自然地令男性拎到主導權,
又因為有權,就令呢種性別角色慢慢加強。
由於人出世嘅時候都已經有男女嘅性徵,所以 以前嘅社會就會區分咗男女有唔同嘅性格特質。
咁都不外乎係男人就一定 好堅強啦、好理性同埋好識做領袖咁;
唔似得女人,會 好依賴、好感性好服從咁樣嘅軟弱性格。
當然而家我哋就知道,人嘅性格特質, 同性別好似無咩直接關係啦。
所以總括嚟講呢,父權社會就即係 男人佢哋主導咗社會唔同嘅領域,
甚至乎控制埋大家嘅思想, 同你講要確保自己要有以上嘅性別特質
先至合乎社會標準, 同時佢哋喺一個充滿男人嘅學校度上堂、
充滿男人嘅職場返工, 所以慢慢就建立咗一個依靠男人出外打拼
去令經濟發展嘅局面喇。
好似 以前嘅人本身耕田, 塊田同屋企基本上就喺隔離啦,
但之後製造業喺大城市興起,變相工作同家庭分開咗。
所以男人就被認為係breadwinner「賺取面包嘅人」,
而女人就要留喺屋企做家庭主婦, 同埋要成為男人嘅玩物,
好好咁慰藉呢啲外出勞動嘅男伴。 所以大家就會聽過好似
「男主外女主內」、「男尊女卑」、 「男人係一家之主」呢一啲性別定形嘅講法喇。
咁有咗一啲性別角色之後, 我知道有個契機令到女性開始覺醒。
我諗就要多謝返盧梭、孟德斯鳩、 伏爾泰等等嘅思想家,
係佢哋帶領社會走向啟蒙時代。
當時盧梭提出 「人人生而平等」「天賦人權」等嘅論述,
令大眾嘩然,因為當時嚟講,
嗰啲理所當然嘅性別歧視就一夜之間 變得唔再理所當然,
更令活喺社會底層嘅女性重新思考人生。
如果大家知道咩係social contract社會契約嘅話, 相信都會聽過盧梭呢個大名喇。
其實當時嘅佢都只係一個思想家, 而就算佢有提出過平權之類嘅講法,
都無人會稱佢為女權主義者, 因為佢嘅女性觀依然都係好男性中心嘅,
即係佢睇嘢嘅觀點都依然係從一個 父權社會嘅男性角度出發。
例如雖然佢知道兩性都應該有平等嘅受教育權, 但佢認為應該按女性「應有」嘅特點去教育佢哋,
即係要培養出多才多藝溫柔體貼嘅呢啲賢妻良母, 令我諗起以前有啲學校都仲會分女仔上烹飪堂針織堂,
男仔做木工咁。
盧梭甚至更加話「男人就係因為慾望依賴女人, 但女人唔只係慾望上,
而係佢哋本身就需要依賴男人,無男人無法生存」。
咁有呢啲思想家一言驚醒咁多人之後, 女性主義者都係時候出現啦。
今集我哋就講到有一少部份嘅女人終於醒覺啦,
女性主義跟住落黎會點樣發展落去呢?
我哋下一條片會同大家探討一下幾位唔同年代 有份推動女性地位嘅人物,由佢地嘅辛酸史講起。
今集嘅《婦女新知》就講住咁多先啦,我哋希望 嚟緊會同大家繼續分享多啲有關女權同男權嘅資訊。
大家如果對性別議題有啲咩特別嘅疑問或者意見, 歡迎喺下面留個言一齊傾下。
仲有仲有,大家可以follow埋happykongner嘅 IG同FB,留意住我哋同埋其他創作者嘅動態,
我哋兩個都為咗happy kongner開咗一個IG 希望可以同觀眾有多啲交流同互動,
請多多支持!
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