TSA (Thinking Skills Assessment) Tips and Tricks
Summary
TLDR马特·威廉姆斯是牛津大学耶稣学院的访问研究员,他在视频中更新了关于思考技巧评估(TSA)的考试技巧。由于2020年新冠疫情的影响,TSA考试将不再提供纸质试卷,因此他建议考生将注释转移到其他允许的介质上。他强调了考试对智力耐力的测试,并提供了多项选择部分和论文写作的技巧。威廉姆斯通过分析2019年TSA考试的最后五个问题,分享了如何提高解题效率的策略,并提供了写作论文的关键建议。
Takeaways
- 😷 2020年由于新冠疫情,TSA考试将不再有纸质试卷,考生需适应在无纸化条件下进行考试。
- 📝 考生可以将注释转移到其他允许的书写介质上,比如纸张或小白板。
- 💡 TSA考试不仅测试智力,更考验在持续的智力压力下的表现,需要考生有良好的身心状态。
- 🥇 牛津大学招生时,TSA成绩的微小差异可能导致排名的巨大变化,因此保持最佳状态至关重要。
- 🍽️ 考生需要保证充足的休息、饮食和水分,以维持考试时的精力。
- ✅ 考试时先读题目再读其他信息,可以提高效率,避免重复阅读。
- 🔢 解决问题时,明确关键变量,忽略无关信息,有助于快速解题。
- 📉 理解题目中的逻辑结构,如'如果不是P,则不是Q',有助于清晰解题。
- 📊 通过逻辑推理而非直觉判断,可以更准确地解答选择题。
- 📝 写作部分,要紧扣题目要求,使用题目中的关键词,确保回答切题。
- 🔑 写作时,明确回答问题,逻辑清晰,避免偏题,是获得高分的关键。
Q & A
马特·威廉姆斯在牛津大学的哪个学院担任访问研究员?
-马特·威廉姆斯在牛津大学的耶稣学院担任访问研究员。
2020年TSA考试因为什么情况发生了重大变化?
-2020年TSA考试因为冠状病毒大流行而发生了重大变化,考生将不再有纸质试卷。
在没有纸质试卷的情况下,考生应该如何进行注释?
-考生可以将注释转移到其他允许的书写介质上,如一张纸或一个小白板。
TSA考试主要测试什么能力?
-TSA考试主要测试学生的智力耐力,而不仅仅是解决问题和批判性思考的能力。
在TSA考试中,为什么后面的题目感觉更难?
-后面的题目感觉更难是因为考生在考试后期会感到疲劳,但这并不意味着它们实际上比前面的题目更难。
在TSA考试的多项选择部分,马特·威廉姆斯有什么答题技巧?
-马特·威廉姆斯建议先读题目,再读其他信息,以提高效率。
马特·威廉姆斯在视频中提到了哪种类型的逻辑论证?
-马特·威廉姆斯提到了形式逻辑中的论证类型,特别是'如果不是p,那么不是q'的论证形式。
在TSA考试中,为什么考生需要照顾好自己的身体和心理状态?
-因为TSA考试是一场智力耐力的马拉松,考生需要确保在考试时身心处于最佳状态。
马特·威廉姆斯在视频中提到了哪几种类型的题目?
-马特·威廉姆斯提到了批判性思维题、解决问题题和空间推理题。
在TSA考试的论文部分,马特·威廉姆斯有什么写作技巧?
-马特·威廉姆斯建议在论文写作中识别并重复使用问题中的关键词,确保精确回答问题。
马特·威廉姆斯在视频中提到了哪些关于TSA考试的重要提示?
-马特·威廉姆斯提到了考试技巧、照顾好自己、以及如何高效答题等重要提示。
Outlines
📚 TSa考试更新与技巧分享
马特·威廉姆斯介绍了自己在牛津耶稣学院的访问研究员身份,并回应了评论者关于更新TSA(思维技巧评估)视频的请求。他提到2020年由于冠状病毒大流行,TSA考试将有显著变化,考生将不再有纸质试卷,因此需要将之前的注释技巧转移到其他允许的书写媒介上。他还强调了TSA考试对智力耐力的测试,而不仅仅是解决问题和批判性思维的能力,并分享了一些考试技巧,比如照顾好自己的身体和心理状态。最后,他提到将分析2019年TSA考试的最后五个问题,并提醒考生注意问题难度是随机分布的,并非最后的问题最难。
🔍 TSA考试逻辑问题解析
马特通过分析2019年TSA考试的第46题,展示了如何通过逻辑形式化来解决逻辑问题。他指出了正确理解问题中逻辑形式的重要性,并提醒考生注意不要混淆不同形式的逻辑论证。他通过排除法,逐步分析每个选项,最终确定了正确答案。此外,他还强调了在考试中效率的重要性,建议考生先读问题再读信息,以减少重复阅读,节省时间和精力。
📊 解决TSA数学问题的方法
马特解释了如何高效地解决TSA考试中的数学问题,以第47题为例。他建议考生首先确定需要提取的关键数据,然后忽略其他不必要的信息。他通过计算每天面团的重量变化,展示了如何逐步解决问题。他还提到,如果时间紧迫,可以通过理解问题的基本逻辑来快速确定答案,而不必完成所有的计算步骤。
🥜 TSA考试问题解决技巧
在分析第48题时,马特展示了如何通过专注于问题的关键变量来解决问题。他指出,即使面对大量数据,考生也应该清楚自己需要提取哪些数据,并忽略那些可能会分散注意力的无关信息。通过计算混合坚果袋中杏仁和花生的重量变化,他展示了如何系统地解决问题,并找到正确答案。
🎲 空间推理问题的解题策略
马特讨论了TSA考试中的空间推理问题,并分享了一些解题技巧。他建议考生首先理解问题的要求,然后根据这些要求来分析选项。他通过分析一个骰子的展开图,展示了如何确定哪些数字应该对齐,以及如何通过旋转来找到正确的答案。他还提到,如果考生有纸,可以尝试折叠来帮助理解问题,但这不是必需的。
✍️ TSA论文写作技巧
马特分享了TSA考试论文部分的写作技巧。他强调了精确回答问题的重要性,并建议考生在文章的开头就直接回答问题。他建议考生识别并重复使用问题中的关键词,以确保答案的准确性。他还建议考生将论点分解成不同的部分,并按照逻辑顺序组织文章。他通过分析2019年TSA考试的论文题目,展示了如何使用这些技巧来构建有说服力的论点。
🌐 探讨种族改变的可能性
在讨论最后一个问题时,马特探讨了在假设自动面部识别技术完全可靠的情况下,是否应该限制其使用。他建议考生应该从道德、法律和经济的角度来考虑限制,并按照逻辑顺序组织论点。他还提到了种族作为一个社会构建的概念,并探讨了在生物学和社会层面上改变种族的可能性。
💼 商业的主要目标是否应该是赚钱
马特以最后一个问题结束了他的视频,这个问题探讨了商业的主要目标是否应该是赚钱。他建议考生应该围绕'应该'这个词来构建论点,并考虑从道德和后果两个方面来分析。他提醒考生在回答问题时,要确保完全回答了问题,并避免偏离问题的主题。他还鼓励考生如果有任何后续问题,可以通过评论或电子邮件与他联系,并祝愿所有考生考试顺利。
Mindmap
Keywords
💡TSA
💡intellectual stamina
💡annotations
💡physical paper copy
💡logical terms
💡principle
💡efficiency
💡deontological
💡utilitarian
💡hook words
💡sourdough
Highlights
2020年TSA考试将因新冠疫情有所变化,考生将不再有纸质试卷。
建议将之前的注释技巧转移到其他允许的书写介质上,如纸张或小白板。
强调TSA考试测试的是智力耐力而不仅仅是智力水平。
考试前的准备应包括充足的休息、饮食和水分补充。
考试技巧包括理解题目要求后再阅读其他信息。
TSA考试的多项选择题难度是随机分布的,并非后面的题目更难。
通过逻辑形式化来理解论证,如将论证简化为逻辑公式。
在解答问题时,识别并忽略掉不必要的信息以提高效率。
解答问题时先确定关键变量,忽略其他无关变量。
在解答数学问题时,先确定所需的具体数值,然后寻找数据。
理解考官在题目中设置的陷阱,专注于核心信息。
在解答空间推理题时,先确定数字的相对位置关系。
写作部分要精确回答问题,使用问题中的关键词。
在写作中,明确论点并围绕关键词构建段落。
写作时,将概念分解并按逻辑顺序组织论点。
在写作中区分道德、法律和经济层面的论点。
理解题目中的关键词,如'should'和'could',并据此构建答案。
在写作中,确保完全回答问题,避免偏离主题。
Transcripts
hi everyone my name is matt williams i'm
the access fellow here at jesus college
at the university of oxford
i have been asked by a few commenters to
update my tsa
video the thinking skills assessment
video i'll link the old ones
up here so check those out if you
haven't seen them already but i'm very
happy to do so thank you so much for the
comments do keep them coming i'll try
and respond as quickly as i can
one update that's really important is
that this year 2020 of course there's
going to be some significant
changes as a result of the coronavirus
pandemic one of the most
impactful changes is that you will no
longer have a physical paper copy of the
tsa to work from
and that means that some of the
annotations that i suggested in previous
videos
won't work so easily so i'll explain
some of my techniques as to how you can
transfer the annotations onto another
writing medium that you will be allowed
to have either a piece of paper or a
little white board next to you
at the test center so that's one thing
to bear in mind
the other thing is just to emphasize
some of the top exam technique tips that
i provide in the other
videos and i think one of the key things
to stress is how much
the tsa test tests your intellectual
stamina it doesn't just test how smart
you are
in fact i think even more than testing
your ability to solve problems and think
critically
it tests how you can do that under a
sustained amount
of intellectual pressure it is a
marathon in other words not a sprint
and that has all sorts of implications
for how you treat
your mind in the preparation for the
test and most importantly that means
that you need to look after yourself
that when i've done admissions
using the tsa test in oxford so that's
mostly for the philosophy politics and
economics degree ppe
i've seen that the difference between
being in the top
quartile and the second quartile comes
down to a fraction of
one percent tiny tiny differences and it
really
therefore could make the difference
whether you tip over into that top
quartile or not
as to how fresh you're feeling because
if you're going through a test of
intellectual stamina you need to make
sure that your
mind and body are at their peak and so
that means you need to be very well
rested
you need to sleep and you need to eat
well and you need to drink plenty of
water
these physical and physiological
factors make substantial neurological
difference and therefore you really need
to take consideration of them
another consideration is how to work out
the most efficient way of answering the
questions certainly the multiple choice
components section one of the tests
and so i'm going to share with you some
of my tips as to how to maximize that
efficiency
so you can get through the questions
nice and quickly i'm going to go through
the
five finishing questions of the 2019
tsa section one the reason for going
through the last five questions is
because a lot of people suspect that the
finishing questions are the most
difficult
actually if you go and look at the
weighting of the questions which is all
provided on the oxford university
website you'll see that
the difficulty of questions is randomly
distributed around the paper so it's not
the case that the later questions are
more difficult than the earlier ones
but i suspect that the later questions
certainly feel harder because by that
stage
you're knackered you're just tired and
that's completely understandable
so i'll go through those last five uh
just to share some of my tips as to how
you can get through them more quickly
i'll then quickly go through section two
just to remind you some of my top essay
writing techniques
and that'll be that so i'm going to
share with you
my ipad screen okay so let's start with
question number 46.
now one of my first tips with regard to
maximizing your efficiency is always to
start by reading the prompt
the question before reading any of the
other extraneous information
because then you know the task that's
expected of you it's just a bit more
efficient
because what will often happen is that
you'll read the information then read
the question and then you'll have to
read the information again
it just cuts out that component for the
most part
so which one of the following most
closely parallels the reasoning used in
the above argument
now this little question crops up
earlier and one way to
help yourself with this is to formalize
the
form of argument that you've got here
now this is common in formal logic
and it's the sort of thing that
philosophers do it's not terribly
complicated however so i'll just show
you how to do it
so your cake will be tasty only if you
use fresh ingredients
which you can only buy at the market you
did not go to the market so your cake
will not be
tasty now this is a type of argument
along the lines of
not p therefore
three dot triangle is therefore not
q okay now why philosophers like p
and q i don't know but they do you can
use whatever letters or symbols you like
but it makes it relatively clear now the
examiners are looking for the same
type of argument if not p therefore not
q
it could be tempting to say that other
arguments where you have p
and therefore have q are the same form
of argument but according to the logic
of it
they aren't so be careful with that for
example if we look at
a you can only be happy if you are
healthy to be healthy you have to eat a
lot of vegetables you eat a lot of
vegetables
so you must be happy now that's a form
of argument along the lines of
p therefore q
and it's tempting to say that that's
basically the inverted logic of
the cake argument but that's and that is
precisely true but it's inverted logic
and therefore it's not the same form of
argument so in my first reading through
these questions i thought
it might be a but actually on thinking
about it more carefully
it's not the same form the examiner's
statement about cakes is if not
p therefore not q and a is p therefore q
okay so just be careful with that so we
can we can dismiss a
b she only went to school or to the
playground she's not in the playground
so she must have gone to
school so this is a case of not
p therefore q
which is again not the same form of
argument see
if you light a candle there is light and
if there's light i'm able to reach you
you must admit to candle because i can
read so this is the case of p
therefore q you lit a candle that i can
read
so let's not see listening to loud music
through earphones damages hearing his
hearing is fine which means that he must
not have
listened to loud music through earphones
so this is a case of
not p therefore
q and then finally good knowledge of the
car is necessary for fixing it
without fixing the car we will not
arrive at the wedding in time we will
surely be late
we do not have good knowledge of the car
so not
p therefore not
q and so e is the answer because it is
the only one
that is the same form of argument as the
original argument okay so hopefully that
makes sense
i can see how confusion easily emerges
because i was easily confused by this
but if you formalize it if you think in
logical terms
i think it makes things a lot clearer
okay so that's question
46 let's go to question 47 and question
47
is a critical thinking question and
again start by reading the question
don't uh waste your time by reading all
of this
and then read the question and then read
it all again because
that's part of what will contribute to
your fatigue and you want to be as
efficient as possible
okay so which one of the following
illustrates the principle used in the
above argument so we're looking for the
principle
okay so we can write down
principle on our piece of paper
and once we've found the principle we
don't necessarily need to read anything
else
so be fairly confident once you distill
the essence of what's being said
you can kind of move on because the
examiners will put in a lot of
fluff a lot of filler in order again to
just waste your time and to make you
feel fatigued so once you've worked out
the principle you can probably move on
so let's read it costs of health care in
the uk are
shared through taxation but some of
those who can afford to pay for a higher
standard of care choose to do so
some think it is immoral for rich people
to receive better health care simply
because they can afford to pay
pay for it but the whole point of money
is to enable those who have it to
improve the quality of
life of themselves and their families
the whole point now there's not much
more of a giveaway than that that this
is the essence of the argument the
principle
so the principle i would say is that
money
enables now again you can't write on
your
exam this year because of
covid but you can write principal equals
money enabled
now we could reach to the end if we want
uh but you know if you're getting
towards the end of the paper and you're
running out of time
you may just simply want to move on to
reading the five options but let's just
read to the end quickly
um if money did not offer such
advantages it would not motivate people
to develop
their skills or to work harder in order
to earn more since people are morally
entitled to use their money to buy
advantages for themselves and their
loved ones
there can be no objection to private
medicine
so which of the following illustrates
the principle used
so we're looking for the principle that
money is enabling all right
so a people who have been born rich
should not waste their inherited wealth
in gambling self-indulgence and
extravagant living
no that's not the principle b it is a
good thing for people from rich
countries to take foreign holidays
because the income generated below value
but no
see people who are born talented are
under a moral obligation to develop
their talents
no so you don't really need to read the
whole
prompt and that could actually waste
your time if you tried
d rich people should give away some of
their wealth to benefit those less
fortunate than themselves
no the inheritance tax should be set at
a fairly low rate so that the children
of rich parents inherent enough money to
make a substantial difference to their
lives
now i'd say e is closest to the
principle that money
is enabling of choice of of empowerment
okay so e is the correct answer
all right so question 48 is a
problem-solving question meaning that
it's a more mathematical
question and again you can with these
ones even read
the question first just so that you know
what you're hunting for so that you're a
bit like a detective who knows what
murder weapon they're searching out
so in which day am i going to have the
necessary amount of sourdough so we're
looking for a specific day
okay and we're looking for an amount of
sourdough so it's useful to know what
the amounts of sourdough are
we've got a sense of the key variables
in this question quantity of sourdough
number of days okay any other variables
are therefore somewhat extraneous
so even before reading the information
we know what data we need to extract
i think that's quite a sensible way of
going through it because there is so
much data given
too much data given deliberately in
order to tie you out so if you want to
maximize the efficiency
of your of your stamina then that could
be a good way of doing it
anyway so let's go through it sourdough
an ingredient of many bread products
is a fermented mixture of flour and
water i mean that's an example that's
pure filler you don't need to read that
at all
but it's there just to sort of draw some
more of your intellectual energy
at eight am on monday morning i start
with a mixture of 50 grams of flour and
50 grams of water
each morning at 8 a.m i double the
weight of the sourdough by adding equal
weights of flour and water
i know that one gram of water content
evaporates every hour
the bread recipe that i would like to
use requires 550 grams of
flat sourdough i also want at least 50
grams of sourdough left over so that i
can continue growing for next week's
bread
so which day am i going to have the
necessary amount of sourdough
so we now know that necessarily the
necessary amount of
sourdough is 550 grams and we're trying
to work out
on what day that much is produced given
that the amount doubles
daily so let's write it again in some
quite formalist
formalized terms so that we get a clear
sense
of what's going on so on monday morning
i start with a mixture of
50 grams of flour 50 grams of water
and one gram of the water evaporates
every hour
so in a 24-hour period we lose 24 grams
meaning that we have a total amount
of 50 plus 50 was 100 minus 24 which is
76 grams so on tuesday there are 76
grams
okay and
each morning at 8 am i double the weight
of the sourdough
okay by adding equal weights of flour
and water now we don't necessarily need
to worry about the equal weights of
flour and water we just need to know
that it's doubled
in scale so it's 76 grams multiplied by
two
and we know that of that 24 grams are
going to disappear through evaporation
so 76 times 2 is 140 152
minus 24 is 12828
grams so on wednesday we've got
128 grams which is doubled
minus 24. so 128
times two is 256. minus 24.
solutions to my mental arithmetic here
is
uh 252 232
okay like that so on thursday now again
if you're really
struggling for time you've probably done
enough maths now because
you know that it's doubling
minus 24 every day so we know that the
answer can't be thursday but we know if
you double 232
and you're gonna get uh
400 over 400 and that's going to be
doubled again on friday so you know that
it's got to be friday that you're going
to get over 550 grams so
if you're getting short on time you
don't really need to do all of the
mathematics but i'll just go through it
just to be clear so 232 grams multiplied
by 2 because we're doubling weight and
then we're losing 24 grams
so that's 464
464 minus 24 is
440 so that means that on friday
we're going to double it again 440 grams
multiplied by 2 minus 24 and we know
that we don't even need to do that final
mathematics but we know that
that is greater than 550.
so the answer has to be friday okay
so let's move on to question 49 and
again i would suggest you start by
reading the question
what is the largest possible peanut
content of the nuts remaining in the bag
after i've eaten all the almonds so we
know that we need to concentrate our
fire on peanuts and almonds
again the examiners are going to throw
loads of information in your face
they're going to try and put you off
they're
going to try and distract you you only
need to focus really on peanuts and
almonds okay
so a 250 gram bag of mixed nuts
this the contents of the packet as
follows
as they are my favorite i eat all the
almonds in the packet and re-weigh it i
find that the almond content was the
minimum it could have been whilst being
consistent with labeling
what's the largest possible peanut
content of the nuts remaining in the bag
after i've eaten the almonds okay
so we need to work out the weight of the
bag after eating the almonds
so the bag starts at 250 grams
the album content was the minimum it
could have been so that's 20
so we're looking for 20 250
uh which is 50 grams okay so without the
almonds the bag weighs
200 grams okay now we know that the
peanut content of the nuts remaining bag
was the largest possible okay
so we've got 40 of the original bag
not the new 200 gram bag but the
original brag
is peanuts so 250 grams
40 thereof is 100 grams
so we know that 100 grams of the newly
reduced bag without the almonds
is peanuts which is half right because
the 200 gram bag uh
divided by 100 is equal to
half okay and so the answer must be c
so again just go through it
systematically
work out what data you need and also
what data is extraneous that the
examiners are trying to just throw in
your face and distract you with
and move on okay as ever these sorts of
puzzles are pretty straightforward if
you've got
all the time in the world but it's the
stress and the fatigue that tend to
drag you down at this later stage of the
exam and so it's
finding those techniques to speed up the
process to be more efficient and to stay
calm
that's what we're looking for okay now
question 50 is a spatial
reasoning question these are the sort of
questions i really hate i really
struggle with
bending these shapes in my mind
but again there are ways that you can
make your life a little bit easier so
you could read the question first but i
mean there's a little writing here it's
not a big deal
the net below can be folded to make
roman at numerical dice
which one of the following dice could
have been made as a result of the
folding the net okay so again to start
with the information that you know
you know that there has to be
an arrangement of the numbers four and
one
such that four and one are in alignment
with each other
and you know the same must be true of
three and six
so when we're trying to work out how the
other numbers will align at least we've
got
some polarity we've got and we've got a
vector if you like
okay and we know that relative to one
and uh four that there's got to be
a 90 degree turn so if we're looking for
where
two is relative to four it's got to be
switched
90 degrees in a clockwise direction and
then we know that there is another
90 degrees angle here
another one here and another one
here sorry this is really terrible
uh drawing but uh anyway hopefully you
get the point but there are
490 degree angle so if if one and four
are in in an alignment
then we know that two is going to be
90 degrees off three and six will be 180
degrees and 270 degrees
and then five will be 360 degrees so
five will be the same alignment as one
and four
okay so now when it comes to looking at
the options
well let's start with the simple array
so we know that one and four must be
aligned we know that screen six must be
aligned so look for any examples where
that could be the case
so one and three no one and four
here you can see are not in alignment so
you know that b
is wrong uh we know that a is wrong
uh c one and three not sure yet
okay d one and four are in alignment one
is above the four so that's right and we
also know that five must have gone
through a 360 degree rotation
so d must be correct okay
there you go so there are various tricks
that you can
use to try and make this easier i mean i
did say if you're given
paper you could if you really wanted to
tear it up and fold it into a dice
but uh it's not strictly necessary okay
let's go through section two so what are
my key tips for this is the essay and
this again is from the 2019 paper
now as i've written in my previous
videos on the tsa essay they go into a
lot more detail
the first thing is you need to know what
you need to say in order to answer the
question precisely
one of the things that examiners really
dislike is when students don't
actually answer the question and the
best way to ensure that you're answering
the question is to
literally reuse the question wording
when framing your response
and that will also help you identify
what i call the hook words of the
question which is the parts of the
question
which you need to address in order to
satisfactorily answer the questions
so let's start with the first question
should children strike to demand action
on a major issue such as climate change
now if i was asked that in person if i
was to respond precisely without
deviation at all
from the question i would have to say
yes children should strike to demand
action on a major issue such as climate
change or no they shouldn't or whatever
response they want to give the word
should is clearly doing a lot of the
spade work it's one of the first words
that comes out and that's not
surprising because it's one of the
primary verbs okay
and so should is one of is the hook word
here
you need if you're to answer this
question properly you need to explain to
someone what it means
to should do something should it strike
and so should is going to form
the backbone of your argument and so you
want an introduction where you answer
the question very clearly and we're
going to say
do answer the question in the
introduction do not mess around
indeed you should answer the question in
your opening line imagine you're
in a conversation with someone you ask
them a question and they don't answer
the question until
30 minutes have elapsed it's going to be
quite frustrating
answer the question in the opening line
okay
and then structure your argument around
the word should so you need to break
your
paragraphs down into considering
different aspects of
should now a classic dichotomy would be
should in a deontological sense
and should in an instrumental or
utilitarian sense
and what that means is that should you
do something because it's just right to
do it it's intrinsically a good thing to
do it doesn't really matter what the
consequences are
versus should you do something because
it will lead to better outcomes
so should children strike they should
strike because striking
is a good thing it's an intrinsically
good thing because it shows their
protest it shows their anger their sense
of desperation
it doesn't really matter what the
consequences are and should because it
will actually
move things forward it'll progress the
debate it'll make people realize how
much needs to be done
so that you can you can talk about
should in both of those dimensions and
it you can pretty much always define
should in those two terms
and of course you can you can link them
together that
the the reason that children should
express themselves they should strike
is because it will help make a
difference and even if it doesn't have
direct
utility even if it doesn't make a direct
difference it can contribute to wider
debate that might
make a difference so it's not like we're
trying to completely separate out
the deontological and the utilitarian
but
it can be quite a useful way of taking
steps through the essay which will make
sense
okay so that's my key piece of advice
for the essays is identify the hook word
and for goodness sake use it use it and
use it and use it
don't use synonyms don't deviate from
the question wording
because then you're not answering the
question the key
the key thing to remember for yourself
in the essay is
you must answer the question the whole
question and nothing but the question
okay because otherwise if you deviate at
all you're just giving the examiners
the opportunity to mark you down and you
don't want that okay so question number
two
assume that automated face recognition
technology is completely reliable
what restrictions if any should there be
on its use so again if someone asked you
that face to face
you would have to start by saying well
the restrictions that there should be
are blah so the key words the hook words
are
restrictions and should okay
so again you could you could think about
should
and break that up but i think sort of
restrictions is perhaps more
obviously what we need to be talking
about
and so you need to deconstruct the
notion of restriction
so that you can define it deconstruct
means that imagine restriction as a
concept as a building you're going to
take the bits of the building off to see
how it's put together
so you could think of restrictions in
terms of
legal moral
economic maybe now
when you've worked out how to
deconstruct a concept work out what
logical sequence they could go in now i
would suggest that
moral is probably the most important
because that's
the the broadest so if you imagine a
funnel we're going for the broadest to
them to the narrowest
moral probably comes first than legal
then economic
i would suggest very simply put it also
means that the law is derivative of
morality and economics
derivative of law so you've got a
logical sequence if we go
moral restrictions legal restrictions
economic restrictions and having that
sort of logical progression of points
really helps your readers because they
can understand they can follow the story
if you jump around from point to point
as if you're hopping over stepping
stones it's very confusing
so at all costs try and avoid that okay
so okay we can talk about those sorts of
restrictions
uh could somebody choose to change their
race so
again if someone's asking you about face
to face the key word is could
it's not should it could if you talk
about should you'll get
a bad mark okay the examiners are very
precise to the degree
to the point of being pedantic and you
need to be pedantic as well
so could this is potentiality and could
here is the
um is the hook word so could in the
sense of
is it i suppose you could talk about
biologically feasible
but then you could also talk about
sociological
in other words it's what extent is race
a construct
of sociology that differences in skin
color
are so irrelevant that they're as
irrelevant as differences in eye color
or hair color
so someone could change their race
insofar as they could
change the very conversation about race
and they could even sort of transcend
race
uh if if you like so once you've
deconstructed could you can
deconstruct your argument you can come
up with a more
segmented argument and you can work out
a logical construction
i think it's fairly reasonable to start
with the biological and then go on to
the sociological because of course
anything about human society is
derivative to some extent from our
biology
so could somebody choose to change their
race you could argue
uh they could in biological terms
and they could in sociological terms or
they could knock on both senses it's up
to you to decide what argument you'd
like
okay finally number four should the main
objective of a business be to make money
yes it should be no it shouldn't be okay
remember if someone's asked you it
directly
you know what the hook word is it's got
to be should
oops and again you could go for that
split between
the intrinsic morality the deontology to
use a bit of
jargon and the consequences of it it's a
classic sort of distinction in should
it's up to up to you how to work that
out but somehow you need to deconstruct
should and then go through your
deconstruction in a way that makes
logical sense
hopefully that's clear if you do have
any follow-up questions do please either
put a comment in or send me an email at
matthew.williams at jesus.ox.ac.uk
bottom line is that it's in our interest
for you to perform as well as possible
so
i'm genuinely rooting for you and i wish
you all the best
and yeah i hope to meet you one day
thanks so much
bye
you
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