Learn ANYTHING quickly (using the latest science) with this life changing book

Python Programmer
31 Dec 202308:24

Summary

TLDREste libro revoluciona el aprendizaje, enseñando técnicas fundamentales para excelar en cualquier campo. Aborda la memoria de trabajo y a largo plazo, y cómo mover información de una a la otra. Discute también la procrastinación, los modos de concentración, y los caminos del aprendizaje. A pesar de ser fácil de entender en ocasiones puede ser demasiado simplista. Comparado con otro libro antiguo, cubre terrenos nuevos y, si te interesa el aprendizaje en general, ambos son valiosos. Técnicas como la práctica de recuperación, la práctica espaciada e intercalación de temas mejoran la retención y comprensión.

Takeaways

  • 📚 El libro trata sobre la importancia fundamental de la habilidad de aprender y cómo mejorarla.
  • 🧠 Capítulo 1: Diferencia entre la memoria working (memoria a corto plazo) y la memoria a largo plazo, y cómo trascender de la primera a la segunda.
  • 🐙 Metáfora de la memoria working: un pulpo con cuatro tentáculos que solo puede sostener cuatro cosas a la vez.
  • 🚗🥾 Capítulo 2: Comparación entre conductores de carreras (buena memoria working) y excursionistas (memoria working limitada), y estrategias para compensar una memoria working débil.
  • 🧠 Capítulo 3: Explicación de cómo funciona el cerebro en términos de transferencia de información de la memoria working a la memoria a largo plazo, y el papel del hipocampo.
  • 💤 Capítulo 4: Discute la procrastinación, los dos métodos de concentración (focalizado y difuso) y cómo optimizar el aprendizaje.
  • 🛤️ Los caminos del aprendizaje: el camino declarativo (aprender intencionalmente) y el camino procedural (aprender actividades que no puedes explicar).
  • 📈 Técnicas de aprendizaje: práctica de recuperación, práctica espaciada y entrelazado de temas para un aprendizaje más efectivo.
  • 🏃 Ejercicio y sueño:的重要因素 para el aprendizaje y la consolidación de la información en la memoria.
  • 🌐 Comparación con otro libro sobre aprendizaje: ambos basados en la ciencia, pero este libro aborda más a fondo el funcionamiento del cerebro.
  • 📚 Valor del libro: bien vale la pena adquirir ambos libros si está interesado en el aprendizaje en general, ya que cubren aspectos complementarios.
  • 🎓砖石.org: Una plataforma interactiva para aprender matemáticas, ciencia de datos y ciencias de la computación, que ayuda a mejorar el proceso de aprendizaje.

Q & A

  • ¿Qué aspecto fundamental aborda el libro para mejorar en cualquier habilidad?

    -El libro aborda la importancia de la habilidad de aprender, que es esencial para excelar en cualquier cosa.

  • ¿Por qué es raro que se enseñe la habilidad de aprender a pesar de su importancia?

    -No se explica claramente en el guión por qué se omite la enseñanza de esta habilidad, pero sugiere que es algo que generalmente se asume y no se centra explícitamente en la educación formal.

  • ¿Cuál es la diferencia entre la memoria de trabajo y la memoria a largo plazo?

    -La memoria de trabajo es como la RAM de una computadora, es la memoria que se utiliza mientras se está pensando, mientras que la memoria a largo plazo es donde se almacenan la información a largo plazo.

  • ¿Cómo se puede engañar a uno mismo creyendo haber aprendido algo cuando en realidad no lo ha hecho?

    -La memoria de trabajo puede dar la ilusión de aprendizaje, engañando a una persona a pensar que ha aprendido algo cuando en realidad no ha logrado pasar esa información a la memoria a largo plazo.

  • ¿Qué analogía se utiliza para explicar las limitaciones de la memoria de trabajo?

    -Se utiliza la analogía de un pulpo con cuatro tentáculos, que solo pueden sostener cuatro cosas a la vez, para ilustrar las limitaciones de la memoria de trabajo.

  • ¿Cómo puede una persona con una memoria de trabajo limitada mejorar su capacidad de aprendizaje?

    -Una persona con una memoria de trabajo limitada puede utilizar estrategias que activan su memoria a largo plazo para compensar la limitación de la memoria de trabajo.

  • ¿Qué papel juega el hipocampo en la transferencia de información de la memoria de trabajo a la memoria a largo plazo?

    -El hipocampo desempeña un papel importante en la transferencia de información de la memoria de trabajo a la memoria a largo plazo, aunque el guión no entra en detalles específicos sobre este proceso.

  • ¿Qué tema importante se discute en el capítulo 4 del libro?

    -El capítulo 4 discute la procrastinación, cómo evitarla y cómo superarla, así como los dos métodos de concentración del cerebro: enfocado y difuso.

  • ¿Cuál es la técnica de aprendizaje más efectiva conocida por la ciencia?

    -La práctica de recuperación es la técnica de aprendizaje más efectiva conocida por la ciencia, ya que se aprende más cuando se intenta recuperar información de la memoria.

  • ¿Qué es el aprendizaje intercalado y por qué es efectivo?

    -El aprendizaje intercalado consiste en mezclar diferentes temas en lugar de estudiar un solo tema en bloques. Es efectivo porque obliga al cerebro a pensar profundamente sobre cómo responder a un problema específico, lo que ayuda a ver las sutilezas y las similitudes entre diferentes temas dentro de una materia.

  • ¿Qué dos consejos adicionales se ofrecen para ayudar en el aprendizaje?

    -El ejercicio y el sueño son dos formas de ayudar en el aprendizaje, ya que ambos contribuyen a la función y la salud del cerebro.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Transformación Personal a través del Aprendizaje

Este párrafo aborda el impacto transformador que puede tener un libro en la vida de una persona, destacando la importancia fundamental del aprendizaje en el éxito de cualquier campo. El libro en cuestión enseña cómo aprender, una habilidad que, aunque es esencial, rara vez se enseña formalmente. El video proporciona un resumen del contenido del libro, incluyendo las técnicas de aprendizaje que se pueden aplicar para mejorar significativamente el proceso de aprendizaje. Además, se hace una comparación con otro libro sobre el mismo tema, destacando las similitudes y diferencias entre ambos.

05:01

🧠 Comprensión Cerebral y Estrategias de Aprendizaje

En este párrafo se profundiza en el funcionamiento del cerebro y su relación con el aprendizaje. Se explica la diferencia entre la memoria de trabajo y la memoria a largo plazo, y se presentan estrategias para mover información de una a la otra. Se discuten los límites de la memoria de trabajo y se ofrecen analogías para facilitar su comprensión. Además, se exploran temas como la procrastinación, los modos de concentración, y los caminos del aprendizaje declarativo y procedural. Se mencionan también las ventajas de un estilo de aprendizaje basado en la evidencia científica y se ofrecen técnicas prácticas de aprendizaje que pueden aplicarse inmediatamente.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Aprendizaje

El aprendizaje es el proceso de adquirir nuevo conocimientos, habilidades o comportamientos. En el video, se enfatiza la importancia de aprender cómo aprender, ya que es una habilidad fundamental para excelar en cualquier área. El video describe el aprendizaje como una habilidad poco comúnmente enseñada que, una vez dominada, puede mejorar significativamente la capacidad de retener información y aplicarla.

💡Memoria de trabajo

La memoria de trabajo es una forma de memoria asociada a la atención y la capacidad para retener y manipular información durante la toma de decisiones. En el video, se compara la memoria de trabajo con la RAM de una computadora y se discute cómo puede dar la ilusión de haber aprendido algo cuando en realidad no se ha transferido a la memoria a largo plazo.

💡Memoria a largo plazo

La memoria a largo plazo es la capacidad que tienen los seres humanos para retener información y conocimientos por períodos prolongados de tiempo. En el video, se sugiere que, a diferencia de la memoria de trabajo, la memoria a largo plazo es en esencia infinita y se puede mejorar utilizando estrategias apropiadas.

💡Procrastinación

La procrastinación es la tendencia a posponer tareas o decisiones hasta más tarde. En el video, se discute cómo evitar la procrastinación y cómo las dos formas de concentración del cerebro (concentrada y difusa) pueden ayudar a optimizar el aprendizaje y superar esta mala práctica.

💡Recuperación

La recuperación es el acto de intentar recordar y extraer información de la memoria. En el contexto del video, la práctica de recuperación se describe como la técnica de aprendizaje más efectiva conocida por la ciencia, ya que al forzar la recuperación de información, se mejora tanto la memoria como la comprensión.

💡Practicas espaciadas

Las prácticas espaciadas implican estudiar un tema en múltiples sesiones separadas por periodos de tiempo. Según el video, este método es más efectivo que estudiar por largos períodos de tiempo en una sola ocasión, ya que permite que el cerebro consolide y retenga mejor la información a lo largo del tiempo.

💡Aprendizaje intercalado

El aprendizaje intercalado es la técnica de mezclar diferentes temas o áreas de estudio en una sola sesión, en lugar de enfocarse en un solo tema. El video menciona que este método requiere que el estudiante clasifique y comprenda mejor los problemas, lo que ayuda a ver las similitudes y diferencias entre temas relacionados.

💡Ejercicio

El video sugiere que el ejercicio es una herramienta útil para mejorar el aprendizaje, aunque no se detalla específicamente cómo. Se entiende que el ejercicio físico puede aumentar la claridad mental y la capacidad de concentración, aspectos claves para el proceso de aprendizaje.

💡Sueño

El sueño es esencial para la consolidación de la memoria y el aprendizaje. En el video, se destaca la importancia del sueño en el proceso de transferir información de la memoria de trabajo a la memoria a largo plazo, sugiriendo que una buena cantidad y calidad de sueño es crucial para el aprendizaje efectivo.

💡Brilliant.org

Brilliant.org es una plataforma educativa en línea mencionada en el video que ofrece lecciones interactivas en matemáticas, ciencia de datos y ciencias de la computación. Esta herramienta ayuda a los estudiantes a aprender de manera interactiva y desafía su comprensión para que puedan dominar los conceptos de manera efectiva.

💡Cerebro

El cerebro es el órgano encargado de procesar y coordinar la mayoría de las funciones del cuerpo, incluyendo el aprendizaje y la memoria. En el video, se discuten brevemente cómo funciona el cerebro, con especial atención en la neocorteza y el hipocampo, y cómo estos contribuyen al proceso de aprendizaje y retención de información.

Highlights

The book teaches essential learning skills, a fundamental yet often untaught ability.

It addresses the common issue of forgetting information soon after studying, a problem often faced by learners.

The book explains the difference between working memory and long-term memory, and how to effectively transfer information from the former to the latter.

Working memory is likened to a computer's RAM, with limitations, compared to the near limitless capacity of long-term memory.

The illusion of learning caused by working memory is discussed, highlighting the deceptive nature of short-term understanding.

Chapter 2 delves deeper into working memory, its effects on learning, and the different learning styles of individuals.

Chapter 3 clarifies the brain's mechanisms for moving information from working to long-term memory, including the role of the hippocampus.

The importance of sleep in the learning process is emphasized, as it aids in memory consolidation.

Chapter 4 tackles procrastination, offering strategies for overcoming it and enhancing concentration through focused and diffuse modes.

Two learning pathways are introduced: the declarative pathway for intentional learning and the procedural pathway for skill acquisition.

The book's content is based on scientific evidence and presented in an accessible style, making it suitable for a wide audience.

There is some overlap with another popular learning book, but this one provides more insight into brain function and unique learning techniques.

Retrieval practice is highlighted as the most effective learning technique, encouraging active testing of one's knowledge.

Spaced practice is recommended, suggesting that spreading study sessions over time is more beneficial than cramming.

Interleaving, or mixing up topics during study, is presented as an effective method to deepen understanding and problem-solving skills.

Exercise and sleep are advised as aids to learning, in addition to the book's discussed techniques.

Brilliant.org is recommended for interactive learning of math, data science, and computer science, promoting engagement and critical thinking.

Transcripts

play00:00

this book could change your life I know

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that sounds like clickbait but it's true

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this book teaches you how to learn and

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that is such a fundamentally important

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skill to excel at anything you have to

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be able to learn but for some reason

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it's a skill that's rarely taught and I

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don't really understand why I'm going to

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share this book with you I'm going to

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give you a brief summary of what it

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contains and tell you what I like about

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it and what I don't like so much and

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then you can decide whether or not it's

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the right book for you I'll also give

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you three learning techniques from the

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book which will definitely improve your

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learning and the other thing that I want

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to do is compare this book with this

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book which if you watch the channel

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regularly you will have seen me talk

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about this is a great book on learning

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and I still like this book very much but

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how does it compare to this one well

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keep watching to find out you know when

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you cram for a test and then shortly

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afterwards forget everything that you've

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learned and don't tell me that you've

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never done that before uh chapter one is

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all about that and it explains the

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difference between working memory which

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is if you know how Compu computers work

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it's a bit like Ram it's the memory that

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you use whilst you're thinking and it

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Compares that to long-term memory and it

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explains that to learn you have to move

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information from your working memory to

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your long-term memory and it discusses

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ways of doing that it also talks about

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how working memory can give the illusion

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of learning and how it deceives you into

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thinking that you've learned something

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so you know when you're reading a

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textbook and you go through it and you

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think yeah yeah yeah I know how to do

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that you go through the worked example

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just quickly and you have a sense that

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you understand it but then when you go

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back to it perhaps the next day

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you can't remember anything about it or

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you don't know how to do it that's

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because your working memory has fooled

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you into thinking that you've learned it

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when you haven't really so chapter one

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sort of introduces that topic chapter

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one talks about the limitations of

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working memory and your working memory

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is really quite limited and it uses the

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analogy of an octopus with four

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tentacles that can only hold four things

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at once and it introduces methods that

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you can use to move information from

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your working memory to your long-term

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memory chapter 2 goes into working

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memory in a little bit more Det detail

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and it discusses the effects that

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working memory can have on your ability

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to learn and it talks about two types of

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people the race car driver who have

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pretty good working memories and then

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the hiker whose working memories aren't

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quite so good and it's true that if you

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don't have a great working memory then

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you can find it more difficult to learn

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that's the bad news but the good news is

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that your long-term memory is pretty

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much Limitless and if you don't have

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such a good working memory you can use

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strategies that will enable your

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long-term memory to kick in so I think

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this is one of the strengths of the book

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because if you have a poor working

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memory you can easily be written off as

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someone that can't learn particularly

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well but these methods will ensure that

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you can learn as well or in some cases

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even better than people who have really

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good working memories chapter 3 explains

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how your brain works obviously not

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completely but what it does do is tell

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you how information goes from the

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working memory to the long-term memory

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and that's in the neocortex and what

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role the hippocampus plays in that I

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didn't know much about these processes

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so it was useful to me it also has some

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practical use because it makes you more

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aware of things like why sleep is

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important when it comes to transferring

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information from your working memory to

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your long-term memory chapter four

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discusses a really important topic

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procrastination how to avoid it and how

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to overcome it it also talks about the

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brain's two methods of concentration

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focused and diffuse and how

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understanding those can help you to

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optimize your own learning essentially

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you work in Focus mode until you become

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frustrated with something you can't do

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anymore and then you rest so that your

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brain can make sense of what's going on

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the book also discusses two learning

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Pathways the declarative pathway and the

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procedural pathway declarative is when

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you intentionally learn something like I

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don't know studying Latin vocab and the

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procedural pathway is when you learn how

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to ride a bike usually you can explain

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the declarative process but you can't

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explain the procedural one and to learn

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something well you need to use both

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Pathways what did I like about the book

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definitely the information that it

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contains it's all based based on

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scientific evidence and it's explained

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in a very accessible style was there

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anything that I didn't like sometimes

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that accessible style moves a little bit

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too close I think to being simplistic

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but that only happens every now and then

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and I do understand that they're aiming

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this book at a very wide market so if

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you own this book make it stick is it

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worth getting this one there's quite a

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lot of overlap between these two books

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this book's far more recent it was

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published a couple of years ago and this

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one is getting on for 10 years old now

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but they're both based on science this

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one goes more into how the brain works

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but they cover a lot of the same ground

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if you're just looking for practical

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learning techniques then you only need

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one or the other but if you're

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interested in learning in general then

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you know you might as well get them both

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this book does cover ground that this

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one doesn't so here are some learning

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techniques from the book that you can

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use today number one retrieval practice

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this is the most effective learning

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technique known to science we learn more

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when we attempt to retrieve information

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from our brains so if you want to learn

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something test yourself just keep

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testing yourself and when I've mentioned

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this in the past in other videos I've

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had people in the comments saying oh but

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that's just rot learning it's not

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retrieval practice I.E testing yourself

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improves memory and understanding you

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will understand a topic better and

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remember more about it if you test

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yourself on it and also if those tests

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become more difficult and try to link it

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into information and knowledge that you

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already have how does this subject a

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link with subject B what does it mean

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for subject C ask yourself questions

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about it from lots of different angles

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spaced practice is when you have a gap

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between study sessions so if you're

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going to study something for I don't

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know 5 hours instead of doing 5 hours in

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one day you're better doing five hours

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across five days you also get the added

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bonus that when you come to the next

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session you can use retrieval practice

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to remember what you covered in the

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first session method three is inter

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leaving now that's where instead of

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studying the same topic within a subject

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in blocks you mix up the topics so for

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an example if you were studying physics

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and you were doing Newton's laws of

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motion instead of answering lots and

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lots and lots of questions on Newton's

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Laws of Motion it's more effective to

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mix it up with say Newton's Laws of

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gravitation and perhaps circular motion

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and the reason is this if you're just

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doing a lot of questions on Laws of

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Motion you don't have to think deeply

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about how you answer that particular

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question because you know it's a Laws of

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Motion question whereas if you mix it up

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up you have to recognize which method

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that you need to use because you have to

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first categorize that problem and that

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categorizing of the problem helps you to

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see the nuances and the differences and

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similarities between different topics

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within a subject so interleaving is a

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very effective method and it's been

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shown by lots of research to be far more

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effective than just doing lots of one

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thing and then lots of another thing and

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it's not just in physics it's been shown

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to be effective in lots of different

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subjects as well two other bits of

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advice EX exercise helps learning and so

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does sleep a lot of the topics I talk

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about in this video are difficult to

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learn but there's a free and easy way to

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help you grasp them brilliant.org the

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sponsor of this video brilliant is the

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learning isn't a passive process if you

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want to master a subject you have to

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that's how you learn with brilliant it

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Related Tags
Técnicas de AprendizajeMemoria a Corto y Largo PlazoEvitar la ProcrastinaciónConcentración y DifusiónCaminos del AprendizajePracticas InteractivasBrillante para AprenderMatemáticasCiencia de DatosProgramación
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