Preparing for the 2024 Total Solar Eclipse, Pt. 4 (Star Tracker Tips incl. Daytime Polar Alignment)

Summary

In this video, Nico Carver discusses preparing for the April 8th, 2024 total solar eclipse, focusing on the use of a star tracker to keep the sun centered in the frame for the duration of the event. He explains the advantages of using a tracker, such as capturing rare phenomena like earthshine and longer exposures without blurring. Nico also covers the importance of practicing with the equipment, polar alignment techniques, and handling battery life. Additionally, he touches on the possibility of photographing the comet 12P/Pons-Brooks during the eclipse, providing tips on how to incorporate it into the shot using Stellarium for planning.

Takeaways

• 🌟 The video is part of a series preparing for photographing the April 8th, 2024 total solar eclipse, focusing on using a tracker or star tracker for capturing the event.
• 🔭 A star tracker helps keep the sun centered in the field of view throughout the eclipse, eliminating the need for manual repositioning due to Earth's rotation.
• 📸 Long exposures are possible with a tracker, capturing rare phenomena like earthshine during totality without blurring from the Earth's rotation.
• 💡 Earthshine is the reflection of light off the Earth and back onto the lunar surface, which requires long exposure to capture, potentially at the expense of overexposing the corona.
• 🌠 The total solar eclipse on April 8th, 2024 offers a chance to photograph a potentially bright comet, 12P/Pon-Brooks, which will be about 25° away from the eclipsed Sun.
• 🎥 Using a smartphone app for daytime polar alignment is recommended for accurate tracking of the sun, provided that the phone's case with a magnet is removed to avoid interference.
• 🔧 It's crucial to ensure that the tracker remains stable and undisturbed once polar alignment is achieved to maintain accurate tracking during the eclipse.
• 🌞 For using a go-to mount like the Star Adventure GTI, it's necessary to bypass the sun safety feature and manually find the sun with a solar finder before enabling solar tracking.
• 🚫 The GTI's auto Meridian flip feature should be managed carefully to avoid disrupting the tracking during totality; options include flipping before or after totality depending on the location.
• 📷 Shooting in RAW format and processing with Adobe Camera Raw and Photoshop provides more flexibility in adjusting exposure, which is beneficial for fine-tuning the eclipse photos.
• 🔋 It's essential to bring spare batteries for any digital equipment used during the eclipse to avoid power loss during the event.

Q & A

What is the main topic of Nico's video series?

The main topic of Nico's video series is preparing for photographing the April 8th, 2024 total solar eclipse.

What is the significance of using a tracker for photographing the eclipse?

A tracker, also known as a star tracker, is significant for keeping the sun centered in the field of view throughout the eclipse, compensating for the Earth's rotation, and allowing for longer exposures without blurring due to the Earth's movement.

What phenomenon can be captured with longer exposures using a tracker during the eclipse?

With longer exposures, one can capture rarer phenomena such as earthshine, which is the bit of light reflected off the Earth and back onto the lunar surface during totality.

How does Nico suggest calibrating the phone's compass for daytime polar alignment?

Nico suggests calibrating the phone's compass by moving the phone in a figure 8 pattern through the air with the compass app open.

What is the purpose of the 'observe Sun' feature on the GTI and how is it bypassed?

The 'observe Sun' feature on the GTI is a sun safety feature that requires users to confirm they have a proper solar filter on before pointing the telescope at the sun. It can be bypassed in the settings under advanced features by turning on 'observe Sun' and answering a math question for confirmation.

What is the issue with the GTI's auto Meridian flip during totality?

The auto Meridian flip on the GTI could potentially move the telescope to the other side during totality, which could result in missing most of the event. Nico suggests either flipping before totality or planning to slew to the other side after totality based on the location.

What is the significance of the comet 12P/Pons-Brooks in relation to the 2024 total solar eclipse?

The comet 12P/Pons-Brooks, which has a 70-year orbital period, will be about 25° away from the eclipsed Sun during the 2024 total solar eclipse. This presents a unique opportunity to potentially capture the comet, the eclipse, and other celestial bodies like Jupiter and Venus in the same frame.

How does Nico suggest using Stellarium to plan for photographing the comet during the eclipse?

Nico suggests using Stellarium to visualize the sky during the eclipse, adding the comet to Stellarium's database, and experimenting with different lenses to find a field of view that includes both the eclipse and the comet.

What advantages does shooting in Raw offer for photographing the eclipse?

Shooting in Raw offers more flexibility in post-processing, allowing for adjustments to exposure if the images are slightly overexposed or underexposed. This provides more latitude to achieve the perfect exposure with the particular lens, solar filter, and camera setup used for the eclipse.

What is the importance of having spare batteries for using a tracker during the eclipse?

Having spare batteries is crucial to avoid losing power during the eclipse, which could disrupt the tracking process and potentially result in missing important moments of the event.

How does Nico suggest handling exposure settings for photographing the eclipse?

Nico suggests using the same exposure calculator as in the previous video, adjusting the shutter speed as needed based on the specific lens, solar filter, and camera used, and starting with fresh batteries to ensure a stable power supply during the event.

Outlines

00:00

🌟 Introducing the Star Tracker for Solar Eclipse Photography

The paragraph introduces the concept of using a star tracker, also known as a solar tracker, for photographing the total solar eclipse on April 8th, 2024. The speaker, Nico, explains that the tracker will help keep the sun centered in the field of view throughout the eclipse. He emphasizes the advantages of using a tracker, such as not needing to manually reposition the sun in the frame and the ability to capture longer exposures without blurring due to Earth's rotation. This allows for the capture of rare phenomena like earthshine. Nico also mentions the possibility of photographing a bright comet during the eclipse and the use of HDR techniques to combine earthshine photos with others. He advises viewers to practice with their equipment and to ensure they have spare batteries for their devices.

05:02

📌 Polar Alignment and Daytime Calibration

In this paragraph, Nico discusses the importance of polar alignment for accurate solar tracking. He suggests using a polar scope for the most accurate alignment and provides an alternative method using a smartphone app for daytime polar alignment. Nico explains the process of calibrating the phone's compass and attaching it securely to the tracker. He also covers the steps to find the sun with the tracker, center it, and activate solar tracking. Additionally, Nico addresses the specifics of using a go-to mount like the Star Adventure GTI, including bypassing sun safety features and handling the auto Meridian flip during the eclipse. He advises being prepared for the sun's meridian crossing and having a plan to avoid issues during totality.

10:08

🚀 Preparing for the Comet Photo Opportunity

Nico concludes the video script by discussing the possibility of capturing the comet 12P/Pons-Brooks during the total solar eclipse. He provides details on the comet's orbital period and its visibility during the eclipse. The speaker explains the unpredictability of comets and the challenge of photographing them. He suggests using Stellarium to plan the shot, including adding the comet to Stellarium's database and visualizing the field of view for the photograph. Nico shares his plan to capture a wide-angle shot that includes the eclipse, the comet, and other celestial bodies like Venus and Jupiter. He ends with a note on his personal website, where he might feature a successful image, and acknowledges the video's sponsor, Squarespace, for its ease of use in creating a portfolio website.

Keywords

💡Total Solar Eclipse

A total solar eclipse is an astronomical phenomenon where the moon completely covers the sun, casting a shadow on Earth. This event is central to the video's theme, as the speaker, Nico, is preparing to photograph the total solar eclipse on April 8th, 2024. The video discusses various techniques and equipment necessary for capturing this rare event effectively.

💡Star Tracker

A star tracker is a device used in astrophotography to follow the movement of celestial bodies, ensuring that they remain centered in the field of view during long exposure photography. In the context of the video, Nico emphasizes the importance of using a star tracker to keep the sun centered in the frame throughout the eclipse, which would otherwise be challenging due to the Earth's rotation.

💡Polar Alignment

Polar alignment is the process of aligning a telescope or star tracker with the Earth's axis of rotation, which is essential for accurate tracking of celestial objects. In the video, Nico explains the importance of polar alignment for the proper functioning of the star tracker during the solar eclipse and provides methods for both daytime and nighttime polar alignment.

💡Earthshine

Earthshine is the phenomenon where sunlight reflects off the Earth's surface and back onto the moon, making a faint glow visible on the unlit part of the moon during a lunar eclipse. In the video, Nico mentions capturing earthshine during the total solar eclipse as a unique aspect of the event, which requires long exposures that a star tracker can facilitate.

💡HDR (High Dynamic Range)

High Dynamic Range (HDR) photography is a technique that combines multiple images with different exposure levels to create a final image with a greater range of light and detail. Nico discusses using HDR techniques to combine earthshine photos with images of the solar corona, allowing for a more balanced and detailed final photograph of the total solar eclipse.

💡Comet 12P/Pons-Brooks

Comet 12P/Pons-Brooks is a periodic comet with an orbital period of 70 years, which makes it visible every few generations. The video highlights the unique opportunity to photograph this comet during the total solar eclipse in 2024, as it will be positioned approximately 25° away from the eclipsed sun. This provides a once-in-a-lifetime chance to capture both events in the same frame.

💡Stellarium

Stellarium is a free astronomy software that allows users to simulate the night sky, view celestial objects, and plan astronomical events. In the video, Nico uses Stellarium to plan the composition of his photograph, ensuring that he can capture the total solar eclipse, earthshine, and the comet 12P/Pons-Brooks in the same frame.

💡Squarespace

Squarespace is a website building platform that offers templates, design customization, and e-commerce features, making it easy for individuals and businesses to create and manage professional-looking websites. In the video, Nico mentions using Squarespace for his personal portfolio, highlighting its ease of use and the ability to create a responsive design that works well on both mobile devices and desktops.

💡Photography Equipment

The term 'photography equipment' refers to the tools and devices used to capture photographs, which in the context of the video includes DSLR or mirrorless cameras, lenses, solar filters, and star trackers. Nico emphasizes the importance of selecting the right equipment and being familiar with its operation to successfully photograph the total solar eclipse.

💡Exposure Settings

Exposure settings on a camera determine the amount of light that reaches the sensor and include adjustments for shutter speed, aperture, and ISO. In the video, Nico talks about calculating exposure lengths for photographing the solar eclipse and the importance of practicing with these settings to achieve the desired outcome, especially when using a star tracker.

Highlights

The video is part of a series on preparing for photographing the April 8th, 2024 total solar eclipse.

This video introduces the use of a tracker, also known as a star tracker, for solar eclipse photography.

Trackers have a built-in solar tracking rate which keeps the sun centered in the field of view throughout the eclipse.

Using a tracker allows for longer exposures without blurring due to Earth's rotation, capturing rare phenomena like earthshine.

Earthshine is the reflection of light off the Earth onto the lunar surface, requiring long exposure to capture.

High Dynamic Range (HDR) techniques can be used to combine earthshine photos with corona photos.

During totality, tracking can help capture visible stars and the chance to photograph a bright comet.

The video emphasizes the importance of practicing with the tracker before the eclipse.

Shooting in RAW format provides more flexibility in post-processing for exposure adjustments.

The necessity of having spare batteries and proper battery management for digital equipment during the eclipse is discussed.

Polar alignment of the tracker is crucial for accurate solar tracking, with both nighttime and daytime methods explained.

The video provides a detailed guide on using a smartphone for daytime polar alignment.

The process of finding and centering the sun with the tracker is outlined, including the use of a solar filter for safety.

The Star Adventure GTI tracker and its sun safety feature are introduced, with instructions on how to bypass it for solar photography.

The video discusses the auto Meridian flip feature of the GTI and how to plan for it during totality.

The possibility of capturing the 12P/Pons-Brooks comet during the total solar eclipse is explored.

Stellarium software is used to visualize the positioning of the comet relative to the eclipse and plan the shot.

The video concludes with a mention of the sponsor, Squarespace, and its benefits for creating a personal portfolio website.

Transcripts

This video is sponsored by Squarespace. Hey  welcome back, I'm Nico and this is part four  

in my series on preparing for photographing the  April 8th 2024 total solar eclipse. This video is  

going to build on the last part, part three, but  we're going to add an additional wrinkle here,  

which is a tracker also known as a star tracker.  Although uh in this case of course we're going to  

be tracking our local star, the sun. And it does,  most trackers have, some kind of um built-in solar  

tracking rate which this one does, and another one  I'll show you in a second. You either you have one  

or maybe you can buy one quickly you really need  to start practicing now with this. And there are a  

few advantages to using a tracker over just having  the camera and lens on a tripod. Basically this  

is going to keep the sun roughly centered in your  field of view for the whole eclipse. If you're not  

tracking then you have to manually keep moving  the sun back into your camera's screen here uh  

because it's the Sun is going to of course keep  moving moving due to the Earth's rotation so we  

just have to keep reentering it the exception to  that is if you're using a very wide angle lens  

where the whole Eclipse event fits into the field  of view um but assuming you want a more zoomed in  

view with a telephoto lens like this one uh that's  the big advantage to a star tracker is not having  

to manually keep the sun centered uh because  this device does it for you a smaller Advantage  

but it may be important to you is you can take  much longer exposures with a Tracker without  

any blurring from the Earth's rotation and this  allows for the capture of some rarer phenomenon  

during totality like earthshine and earthshine  is the little bit of light reflected off the  

Earth and back onto the lunar surface and uh to  capture it you're going to need a long exposure  

so long that you'll completely blow out the corona  as you can see here but I think it's pretty cool  

even uh though it's noisy due to the being so  little light actually uh hitting the moon from  

the reflected light on off from the earth uh an  advanced topic I'll get into later in a later  

video maybe is that you can use HDR High dynamic  range techniques to combine your Earth shine photo  

with your other Corona photos to get something  like this image another reason for long exposures  

during totality where you might want uh tracking  is to capture the stars that are visible during  

totality and this year we also have the chance to  capture a fairly bright Comet during totality or  

we think it might be bright P12/Pon-Brooks which  will be about 25° away from the eclipsed Sun and  

I'll talk more about the comet towards the end of  the video and show how to plan for it if you're  

interested okay so let's get into it I'm going to  skip over calculating exposure lengths and things  

like that since I just talked about that in the  last one very recently so you can go watch part  

three to see that you'd be using the same exposure  calculator for a setup with a Tracker one thing  

that I should have mentioned in the last part  that I forgot is that I shoot Raw on my DSLR or  

mirrorless camera and I process all my photos with  Adobe camera raw and Adobe Photoshop and shooting  

raw and processing them that way gives you plenty  of latitude when it comes to exposure if you're a  

little bit Overexposed or underexposed for example  with raw processing it's really not a big deal you  

can just bring the exposure slider one way or  the other and it's going to look great uh you  

can shoot jpeg only and try to get everything  perfect in camera without any editing but it  

just requires a little bit more work and testing  to make sure that the suggested exposure lengths  

from the online calculator are accurate uh to get  a a good exposure with your particular lens and  

solar filter and camera and so you might have to  adjust that shutter speed up or down a little bit  

to make sure that you write you have the The  Perfect Exposure and one more thing I forgot  

to say in the last part is that and this is even  more relevant here now that we have the tracker  

is that if you're using anything that uses  batteries which you will be if you're using  

anything digital you need to bring spare batteries  and I'd suggest starting with fresh batteries and  

then also of course just be cognizant of your  battery level change out the batteries well  

ahead of time because the last thing you need  is to try changing a battery last minute right  

before totality starts or even worse to lose lose  power during totality because the battery dies um  

many trackers have two ways to power them either  internal doublea's or uh connecting an external  

battery if yours is like that then I'd suggest  having both options available just in case maybe  

start with the external battery and then it can  also it can always fall over uh to the internal  

batteries okay so that's that and we can now  get on with the procedure with a Tracker and  

the first thing we're going to have to do with a  Tracker like this is polar align it now if you can  

get to your desired Eclipse location the night you  know on the path of totality the night before and  

leave your Tracker out overnight safely the most  accurate way to Polar line is going to be with the  

polar scope right here um the polar scope built  into the tracker and using the star Polaris at  

night and uh you just put the star in the right  spot on the reticule on your polar scope and uh  

many of you have done this before if you're night  Master photographers but I'm sure many of you are  

also not going to be able to get to the spot  you're shooting from the night before so our  

next best option is daytime polar alignment um  and daytime polar alignment is definitely good  

enough for solar tracking for this purpose in  2017 I went pretty old school with my daytime  

polar alignment and just used Shadows string  and a compass um and some information on the  

magnetic declination for that particular location  nowadays since most of us are carrying smart devic  

deves a smartphone I'd suggest a smartphone based  method for this and it's available on both iPhone  

and Android they're very similar they just use  different apps now no matter what kind of phone  

you have if you use a case with a magnet on  it you need to remove that case the reason I  

have this case with a magnet on it is it's it's  easy to stick on my little adapter when driving  

um but I want to remove this case I'm planning  on maybe getting an alternate case right before  

the eclipse but for now just for demonstration  I'll just go caseless with my phones and and be  

careful and the reason is this magnet will totally  mess up your phone's internal Compass uh which is  

what we need to be accurate for this method of  daytime alignment to work okay so the next step  

is we want to calibrate that Compass which you  do on any phone just by moving your phone in a  

figure 8 pattern through the air with the compass  app open and that calibrates the compass and then  

next we need to attach the phone securely um or  semi securely in such a way that this part of  

the phone the top of the phone is pointing North  and what I suggest for this is to make something  

out of wood like this just scrap wood is fine  and attach it to the tracker or Mount and then  

rubber band the phone to the wood on iPhone  we're going to buy the PS Align Pro app for  

$3 and follow its daytime polar alignment routine  which is quite detailed on Android we're going to  

buy Polar aligner Pro app for 350 and follow its  beta daytime alignment routine which when it comes  

down to it is very similar these are by different  developers so they have a different look but it's  

really the exact same concept which is just to  use your phone's compass and um you then use the  

altitude and azimuth knobs on your uh wedge here  to get the mount polar aligned by putting this  

little dot right in the center of the crosshairs  I just tried this with uh both phones and they  

agreed perfectly so I think this is going to be a  really good method uh for tracking the sun um and  

thanks for everyone who who has mentioned it to me  because it's a lot easier I think for most people  

than the string and Shadow method okay so once  your polar aligned with your tracker uh you want  

to be very sure not to bump your mount on a on a  tripod like this it's very easy to just bump into  

the tripod and then you're out of polar alignment  have to redo the whole thing it has to stay uh  

stable the next thing we have to do is find the  Sun Point our lens at it and with the filter on of  

course and turn on solar tracking on the mount if  you're using a normal star tracker like this the  

star Adventure 2i uh you would do this completely  manually by just you know loosening the clutches  

here and turning uh the camera until it's pointed  at the sun you can use a solar finder of course  

and then once you found the sun you just tighten  back up the clutches and then once you've centered  

the sun on screen like that you then just turn  this little dial on the side to the sun symbol  

and that will turn on solar tracking and now  the sun should stay centered if it doesn't stay  

centered if it starts to drift you might just have  to uh fine-tune your polar alignment a little bit  

and you just fine-tune it until the sun does stay  centered so it's a good idea if it's a nice clear  

day on Eclipse day to start doing this well  well ahead of time way before C1 before the  

partial eclipse starts okay I've switched out to  a go-to mount here to make some points about go-to  

mounts and the GTI specifically this is the star  Adventure GTI there's a little bit more complexity  

here to think about the first thing is that the  GTI with the sins scan Pro app has a sun safety  

feature built in you're going to have to bypass  that to even go to the sun uh it's here the bypass  

is here under the settings uh to Advanced feature  and you just have to turn on observe Sun it does  

make you answer a math question to turn it on  the point of all this is that they want to make  

sure that you know to put a proper solar filter on  before pointing your telescope at the sun we know  

that so we're good to go we can turn on observe  Sun now just because this has go-to doesn't mean  

that it's going to put the sun right on screen it  will get it close but you will probably still need  

a solar finder to fine-tune it because uh in the  night time we can calibrate the go-to system on  

the GTI here with star alignment we can't do that  during the daytime unless we get there the night  

before and do it okay so anyways you're going to  have to use a solar finder you find the sun you  

turn on solar tracking here in the app and then  it's very similar to the other tracker the 2i but  

with one important exception which is by default  the GTI will do an auto Meridian flip 5° past the  

meridian and guess what at my location that would  mean uh it would Auto flip from one side to the  

other during totality which which would be a dis  a complete disaster right you would probably miss  

most of totality if that happened so we have two  options and the better option will depend on where  

you are along the path for me the best option is  to flip before totality um and the reason for this  

is I have about 12 minutes to just manually go  to the sun uh before totality and it will flip  

to the other side right and then so I'll re-center  the sun I'll get everything set up and then I'll  

still have a few minutes before totality starts at  other locations the timing may be different and it  

might make more sense to to uh slew to the other  side uh after totality um or you know just turn  

off the autof flip entirely and just let it track  a little bit past the Meridian now the GTI will  

only track so far past the Meridian before it has  a hard stop I think it's about 15° it looks like  

um so you will have to flip at that point um you  you can turn off the Meridian flip with most go-to  

apps you know if you're using uh sin scan app  and not all mounts is it really even necessary  

to flip right with the GTI like I mentioned at 15°  there's a hard stop but other mounts can just keep  

going and as long as your camera isn't hitting  anything on the tripod you might be good to go  

do you just keep tracking past the Meridian all  throughout the eclipse it will just look sort of  

funny cuz your counterweight will be up uh above  your telescope but the important thing with any  

of this is be very aware of it be aware when uh  the Sun is going to cross the Meridian for your  

location and have a game plan so that you're not  going to get into the situation where it's your  

Mount is auto flipping the telescope or lens or  whatever you have uh right during totality or  

right before totality okay and then as promised  here at the end I'll comment a bit about the  

possibility of capturing a comet during totality  specifically the comet 12P/Pons- Brooks and it's  

going to be about 25° away from the eclipse Sun  12P/Pons-Brooks has an orbital period of 70 years  

so it's been seen before observed before in 1884  and 1954 and now we have it again in 20124 um I've  

already been able to get a quick snapshot of it it  looked like this at 350 mm focal length and I'll  

be trying to capture a better shot of it uh during  the new moon period in March but it's a little  

bit tricky because it's one of those comets that's  only visible right now at Dusk and Dawn and pretty  

low uh in the sky close to the Horizon at least at  my location except of course during the eclipse it  

will actually be high in the sky right up by the  sun um and the big question is will the comet be  

bright enough to see or to get a good photograph  of it during totality and the truth is no one  

knows for sure comets are unpredictable in their  brightness but if you want to try to photograph it  

I think the coolest shot would be fairly wide to  get both totality the eclipse the eclipse itself  

and the comet in the same shot now that comes with  some risk because there's it's a wide shot so the  

comet might not be big and bright enough to be  visible in a wide angle shot but if you want to  

try uh let's look at stellarium to get some ideas  of where it will be in the sky and what field of  

view would work okay here we are in Stellarium  this is a free program you can download for this  

kind of thing the first thing we have to do is  actually add the comet to Stellarium's database  

uh because it's not in there by default this is  a little convoluted but uh should be fairly easy  

to follow me here you're going to go over here  to the left hand side click on configuration

window uh click on plugins on the left hand side  of plugins find solar system editor then click  

configure then click uh solar system here solar  system tab then down here click on import orbital  

elements then choose comets and then where it says  select bookmark uh click the little down arrow  

here and choose Gideon van buin comets and click  get orbit elements okay then it's going to come  

up with this really long list of comets uh luckily  this is searchable so I'm going to type in 12p and  

there's our comment right there 12P/Pon-Brooks we  can check it and click add objects and now uh you  

might have to restart stellarium but it should  be searchable now if we open the search window  

and search you should be able to now uh search for  it and it will have its orbital elements for any  

day any location on Earth so now let's get us to  Eclipse time so you want to put in your location  

where close to where you're going to be then open  the date time window and let's go to April 8th at

40 there's the eclipse right and here's the  meridian line there's Jupiter and Venus and  

what we want to do is we want to visualize well  what kind of lens would work to get both the  

eclipse and the comet in the same shot I mean  you don't have to do this you could also just  

go after the comet you have its uh ra and deck  right here so you could just put those in uh to  

your telescope Mount and and slew to the comet  during totality and try to take a picture of it  

more up close that might be fun but I'm going  to try this wide angle shot idea it might not  

work but I think it's worth a shot so to visualize  that what you can do is go up here to what is this  

called the ocular plugin um and choose an image  sensor so I'm using a fullframe camera here and  

if you don't if you're not using one of these  photo lens 24 mm 35 mm um you can also put in  

your own so I looked at 35 and 50 and thought  you know what I think I really want to go with  

40 and I have this really nice Sigma art uh 40  mm lens and then I can just try to frame up here  

and you could see that if I get this framed up  correctly I'll be able to get Venus the eclipse  

the comet and Jupiter all in the same frame and  I think that might look pretty neat and if I do  

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of a website or domain this has been Nico  Carver at Nebula photos clear skies everyone