STS Module 1 - Introduction to Science Technology and Society Lecture Video
Summary
TLDRThe lecture introduces students to the second semester, focusing on the interdisciplinary relationship between science, technology, and society (STS). It explains the importance of studying STS, highlighting how science is a systematic and methodical process aimed at understanding global issues like climate change. The discussion touches on the nature of science, including its worldview, inquiry-based approach, and its evolution over time. Technology is defined as the application of science, and students are tasked with exploring the connections between science, technology, and society through a group project, emphasizing both their advantages and disadvantages.
Takeaways
- π Science, Technology, and Society (STS) is an interdisciplinary field that explores the crucial relationships between these three areas and their impact on society.
- π¬ Science originates from the Latin word 'scientia,' meaning knowledge, and is systematic and methodical in nature, aiming to provide answers to various problems and phenomena.
- π Science operates on a global scale, offering a worldview that transcends specific cultures or locations, addressing universal problems like climate change.
- π Scientific knowledge is durable but can also evolve as new discoveries are made. Established theories may be revised or debunked based on emerging evidence, such as the debunking of the oscillating universe theory.
- β While science provides answers to many questions, it cannot explain everything, such as metaphysical or spiritual phenomena like the existence of God or faith-based healing.
- π Scientific inquiry relies heavily on evidence, experimentation, and observation, and it blends logic and imagination to generate hypotheses and advance knowledge.
- π Science explains and predicts phenomena by showing consistent relationships between various factors, allowing scientists to build reliable conclusions.
- π§ Scientists strive to avoid bias in their work, as objective and unbiased experimentation is essential to credible scientific claims.
- π©βπ¬ Science is a social enterprise involving collaboration and deliberation, often facing societal resistance to change but aiming to improve lives through innovation.
- π‘ Technology, derived from the Greek word 'techne' (meaning art or skill), applies scientific knowledge to develop tools and innovations that enhance human life, such as phones, pencils, or packaging techniques.
Q & A
What is the main purpose of studying Science, Technology, and Society (STS)?
-The main purpose of studying STS is to understand the interrelationship between science, technology, and society, which helps in addressing and understanding several phenomena, problems, and issues that affect society.
Why is science considered a systematic and methodical field?
-Science is considered systematic and methodical because it follows a step-by-step process of inquiry, involving observations, experiments, and conclusions to provide accurate explanations for various phenomena.
What does the phrase 'scientific worldview' mean?
-A 'scientific worldview' means that science is applicable and acceptable worldwide, not confined to a specific race or culture. It aims to address global issues like climate change through a universal perspective.
How does science deal with changes in theories over time?
-Science acknowledges that ideas are subject to change. While some laws remain constant, many scientific theories evolve or are debunked as new evidence emerges, as seen with the oscillating universe theory, which was debunked after the discovery of the Hubble telescope.
What is meant by 'scientific knowledge is durable'?
-Scientific knowledge is durable because it can stand the test of time. Although some theories may be modified, many scientific principles and laws, such as the law of gravity, remain stable and widely accepted.
Can science answer all questions, including those related to religion or the supernatural?
-No, science cannot provide complete answers to all questions, particularly those related to religious beliefs or supernatural phenomena, such as the existence of God or miraculous healings, which remain outside the realm of scientific explanation.
What role does evidence play in scientific inquiry?
-Evidence is crucial in scientific inquiry. Science demands concrete, accurate data, obtained through accepted procedures like experimentation, to support claims and avoid biases.
How do logic and imagination contribute to scientific discoveries?
-Logic and imagination play key roles in scientific discoveries. Scientists often begin with curiosity and imagination, asking questions and forming assumptions that are later tested through logical and methodical processes to develop theories and laws.
What is the role of scientists in public affairs?
-Scientists participate in public affairs as both specialists and citizens. Their discoveries and inventions should serve the common good and address societal problems, ensuring that science benefits everyone and not just a select few.
What is technology according to the script, and how is it related to science?
-Technology, as defined in the script, is the application of science, derived from the Greek word 'technique,' meaning art, skill, or cunning of hand. It involves developing tools and materials that make life easier, fulfilling human needs and desires.
Outlines
π Welcome and Introduction to Science, Technology, and Society (STS)
In this introduction, the speaker welcomes students to the second semester and introduces the interdisciplinary field of Science, Technology, and Society (STS). He explains how understanding the relationship between science and technology is essential in addressing global problems like climate change. The speaker also emphasizes the importance of a systematic and methodical approach to science, defining it as a body of knowledge and recalling high school experiences of experimentation. He introduces the idea of science as a 'worldview,' explaining that scientific understanding applies universally, not just to specific groups or cultures.
π¬ Scientific Discoveries and Global Understanding
This section dives into the continuous quest of science to understand the world, both on Earth and beyond. The speaker mentions the role of NASA and other organizations in space exploration, aiming to better comprehend Earth by studying outer space. He highlights the importance of science in discovering patterns related to phenomena like climate change and pandemics, using the melting of glaciers and the discovery of new viruses as examples. The section also touches on how science has evolved with discoveries, such as debunking the oscillating universe theory with the help of the Hubble telescope.
π The Durability and Evolution of Scientific Knowledge
Here, the speaker explains that while some scientific laws, like gravity, remain constant, other scientific ideas are subject to change based on new evidence. He highlights the difference between durable scientific knowledge, like Newtonβs laws, and theories that require further proof. He uses the example of the oscillating universe theory to explain how some ideas are debunked with new technology and evidence. The section also emphasizes that science canβt answer everything, like the existence of God, and it explores the limitations of science in explaining certain phenomena, such as miraculous healing.
π The Process of Scientific Inquiry
This section focuses on the systematic nature of scientific inquiry, stressing the need for evidence and data to validate claims. The speaker explains how science blends logic and imagination, starting with curiosity and evolving through logical reasoning and experimentation. He describes the process of scientific research: identifying a problem, gathering information, forming a hypothesis, and testing it through experimentation. The section also discusses how science explains and predicts phenomena through consistent, step-by-step processes and how scientists work to avoid biases.
π§ͺ Scientific Integrity and Bias
In this part, the speaker underscores the importance of credibility in science and the need for scientists to avoid biases in their work. He mentions that science is not authoritarian, meaning no single scientist or theory holds complete authority. Scientific ideas must be judged based on evidence and observation. The speaker highlights the importance of openness to new findings and the role of experimentation in evolving scientific knowledge. This section also discusses the evolving nature of science and the role of scientists in public affairs, ensuring that their discoveries benefit society at large.
π§ Science as a Social Enterprise
This paragraph introduces the concept of science as a social activity that affects society. The speaker explains that while people are often resistant to change, especially when it disrupts the status quo, the goal of science is to improve life. He provides examples of how scientific innovations, like vacuum packaging to extend the shelf life of food, initially face resistance but eventually prove beneficial. He also highlights the need for science to move beyond theoretical knowledge to practical applications that address real-world problems, stressing the importance of ethical principles in the conduct of science.
βοΈ Understanding Technology and Its Relationship with Science
In this concluding section, the speaker transitions from science to technology, defining technology as the practical application of scientific knowledge. He explains how technology, derived from the Greek word 'techne,' refers to tools and innovations that make life easier. The speaker encourages students to brainstorm the relationship between science, technology, and society, considering both the benefits and drawbacks of technological advancements. He instructs the class to create a Venn diagram and conduct research on how science and technology influence society, emphasizing collaboration and critical thinking in understanding this relationship.
Mindmap
Keywords
π‘Science
π‘Technology
π‘Scientific Worldview
π‘Interdisciplinary Field
π‘Scientific Inquiry
π‘Durability of Scientific Knowledge
π‘Scientific Change
π‘Climate Change
π‘Bias in Science
π‘Ethical Principles in Science
Highlights
Introduction to the second semester of Academic Year 2022-2023 and discussion of the importance of studying Science, Technology, and Society (STS).
Explanation of the interdisciplinary nature of STS, emphasizing the close relationship between science, technology, and society.
Definition of science as systematic and methodical, stemming from the Latin word 'scientia,' meaning body of knowledge or knowledge.
Science as a scientific worldview that applies universally, offering solutions to global problems such as climate change.
Scientists use knowledge and intellect to address global issues like climate change and seek to understand both our world and the universe.
Scientific ideas are subject to change as new evidence arises, exemplified by the debunking of the oscillating universe theory due to the discovery of the Hubble telescope.
Scientific knowledge is durable, standing the test of time, but certain theories may be modified or rejected as new evidence emerges.
Science cannot provide complete answers to all questions, including phenomena like the existence of God or unexplained healing, which are often attributed to faith.
Scientific inquiry requires evidence, logical reasoning, and imagination, with curiosity driving scientists to ask questions and explore phenomena.
The step-by-step process of scientific inquiry involves identifying problems, gathering information, forming hypotheses, experimenting, and drawing conclusions.
Scientists strive to avoid bias in their research, ensuring that their findings are applicable universally rather than being influenced by particular groups or cultures.
Science is not authoritarian; theories and findings are judged based on evidence and results, and science is always evolving.
Science as a complex social activity often faces resistance to change, but its goal is to improve lives through innovation and modernization.
Technology is defined as the application of science, derived from the Greek word 'techne,' meaning art, skill, or cunning of hand, with examples like cell phones and even simple tools like pencils.
Final group assignment: Students are tasked with creating a Venn diagram to explore the relationship between science, technology, and society, including both the advantages and disadvantages.
Transcripts
it's a good day everyone and welcome to
the second semester of Academic Year
2022 to 2023. I am happy that you'll be
joining or will be working together to
understand and to learn more about
science technology and Society so I
guess the very first question you have
for me is that sir why do we need to
study SDS you know SDS has become a
interdisciplinary and interdisciplinary
field when you say interdisciplinary
field science technology and Society are
closely linked together the relationship
is actually vital in understanding
several phenomenons problems and issues
that affect us and our society so today
we'll be briefly discussing what science
is technology is and their relationship
no among each other now the first thing
I would like you to of course understand
is what science is although we've been
defining science or you've been defining
science since you were in high school
but let's just have a recall of what
science is science came from the word or
the Latin word sienta which means body
of knowledge or knowledge you know I I
remember you know the famous tagline of
Ernie Baron I don't know if you still
know him but uh according to him
knowledge is power and science is
actually knowledge and if you could
recall back when you were in high school
you were performing perhaps experiments
and several observations which require a
step-by-step procedure that's why
science is actually systematic and
methodical in nature now science aims to
provide answers to several issues
problems and concerns that needs
explanation now under science we'll be
talking about the several Natures of it
and the first nature of science is that
it is actually a scientific world view
now science is actually
applicable not only to a specific race a
specific culture and uh science seeks to
answer not only the problems of a
specific group but when we talk about
science it is a world view it is
acceptable in the entire world the
problem in the Philippines is also the
problem let's say in China and in other
countries one common example of the
problems that we face today is of course
climate change right and several
disasters that we encounter and science
uh deals or our tries to give answer or
explanation to these phenomenon that is
why scientific is a science is a world
view okay now under scientific worldview
we have the first sub point which is the
world is understandable remember science
tries to discover not several patterns
uh all over the world let's say when we
go when we when we talk about climate
change what what activities no around
the world uh led to the occurrence of
climate change and uh how can we
regulate or how can we help in solving
these problems so scientists believe
that through the use of intellect or to
the use of knowledge we can create
several action plans or several
instruments and several uh activities
that could help in resolving several
problems that we are facing right now so
until now now we still I mean human
beings are unstoppable in their quest to
understanding not only our world or even
outside our world or outside our planet
there are several
programs right now under NASA and under
several organizations that seeks to
understand not the activities in the
united in the outer space because they
believe that when we understand what's
happening on the outer space we'll be
able to have a clear view of our world
itself or our planet itself so that's
just one typical example of of how we
seek to understand the world also you
know
um
we are actually trying to figure out and
discover
several phenomenons that for example
19 no the occurrence of the covid-19
actually created a spark you know I mean
uh not only among a scientists as a U.S
but the scientists all over the world
because if such things could happen then
perhaps
and now scientists are trying to answer
a church and are trying to discover no
the occurrence of such uh pandemic
um
North and South Pole particularly
uh actually the the melting of these
glaciers led to the discovery of one of
the biggest virus I forgot the name of
the virus metal they were able to
discover new species or new types of
virus and and this discovery uh awakened
the mind of several scientists that
there are still a lot of things that we
don't know about our world so uh our
Quest or one of the quests of science
now is to really understand the world
itself you know not only the living
things but also the non-living things no
and those things that are not seen by
the naked eye now under uh scientific
worldview we also have scientific ideas
are subject to change although there are
laws of science that are
constant let's say for example the law
of gravity by Sir Isaac Newton now the
law of gravity is already established
however there are still theories that
are subject to change and subject to
experimentation and needs more evidence
uh perhaps one of the theories that I
could share to you uh is the theory of
the oscillating universe so under that
theory it states that the universe is
expanding and when it reach a certain
point it will shrink again so actually
it has already been debunked because of
the discovery of the Hubble telescope
and if you're familiar uh the one who
discovered the or created the Hubble
telescope is no other than Edwin Hubble
the creation or the discovery of the
Hubble telescope led to the
generalization or led to the discovery
that the Universe continuously expands
and it's not not shrinking or it it will
never reach a point and it will shrink
so nowadays the theory of the
oscillating Universe has already been
debunked so that's an example that
subject or scientific ideas are subject
to change there are still uh theories
that needs more evidence before it
become a law and you know uh as as our
world experiences change as we uh are
subject to change of course several
ideas and several knowledge about
science are still subject to change
next under scientific worldview we also
have scientific knowledge is durable but
synonym durable no it has a stability it
is uh it could stand the test of time
and as we all know although there are
modifications of ideas and and some
ideas or theories might be rejected or
debunked however
uh this ideas are once established like
a loss
gravitational or your law of gravity Mr
Isaac Newton the law of thermodynamics
and whatsoever yeah no it has survived
the test of time and it's already widely
accepted that's why it is already
durable now I'm on a subject to change
now of course are you my theories
further Evidence or just or
experimentations
subject to change however the
generally scientific knowledge is
durable it is stable and it will stand
the test of time and of course it is
acceptable by all okay next under
scientific worldview we also have
science cannot provide complete answer
to all questions one typical example
about God okay there are of course we
Filipinos we believe in God but there
are other countries out there uh other
people that doesn't believe no that God
really exists however you know there are
us there are still a lot of things that
are unexplainable by science okay
um one example
disappearances let's say
or the cancer itself no and and uh to
those Believers no
um they they actually believe that it's
their faith who healed them and that
there is this supernatural being a God
that made it possible and until now no
science cannot explain such phenomena
um there are actually a lot of
testimonies let's say
because of prayer because of their faith
cancer and two more now science tries to
explain that
is a gray area one actually phenomena
also is The Big Bang Theory or one one
Serena still
of course we all know that the Big Bang
Theory originated I mean the the
universe originated from The Big Bang
Theory a big explosion which led to the
creation of the Stars the planets and
whatnot however
religious people is
and and when you ask religious people
they will tell you that it is God who
created that big ball
explode
theory that all living organisms and
everyone
single cell of course
okay and uh
still needs further Evidence
okay next we have the next nature of
science is scientific inquiry now when
you when you say inquiry of course it
came from the word inquire now you
continuously uh seek and find answers no
until such evidence proves it okay and
uh when we talk about scientific inquiry
the first sub Point here is science
demands evidence of course
science Hindi predicting evidence
science it needs facts it needs accurate
data and it must be obtained through uh
procedures that are acceptable like of
course experimentation no laboratory
procedures and whatnot be nothing
scientific inquiry button science and
evidence okay they need data to prove
their trades and of course
that is not science but we call that
hearsay or superstitious belief okay
next we also have science is a blend of
logic and Imagination you know
um
science it always originates no from
Curiosity now the reason why AI our
scientists and philosophers before were
able to keep we're able to come up with
uh their claims right now those laws and
those series it's because they start to
know with their curiosity now they tried
to imagine
uh they tried to ask questions and they
try to imagine no let's say before
they try to ask
uh solid I mean what is the component or
or Anoka yeah
so uh from those imaginations from those
curiosity they were able to come up with
several assumptions and those
assumptions as they were tested they now
have these principles laws and of other
theories and loss of course they were uh
when we talk about imagination you also
the user senses that is why you know
when you see something when you hear
something when you smell something no
especially
they were really curious no about so
many things and that led to several
principles of logical reasoning
scientific inquiry is actually a blend
of logic and Imagination okay now under
scientific inquiry we also have science
explains and predicts Remember The
credibility of scientific theories often
comes from their ability to show
relationships among phenomena that
previously seemed unrelated now on top
of that
science explains and predict no there
should be this consistency not from the
from the problem itself to the uh from
the uh the methodology they use to to
explain such phenomena uh and of course
from the conclusion they have their
right
consistency yeah no it's not enough that
to create a hypothesis
step by step process of science
it begins with identifying the problem
now after you identify the problem you
start gathering information now you try
to seek your related literatures or you
read informations that are related to
those problems after gathering enough
information you start creating a
hypothesis so you make a hypothesis an
educated guess but it doesn't stop there
no you need to prove whether your
hypothesis is right or wrong that's why
you need to start create making
experimentations you start uh of serving
things and after doing several
experimentations then you come up with
this com uh with with the conclusion and
out of this conclusion you can now
answer whether your principal or your
findings are actually uh accurate true
or not so science explains and predicts
now under scientific inquiry we also
have scientists try to identify and
avoid bias you know uh scientists are
also human beings and sometimes
accidentally originate articles and
cultures
but remember you know we should be able
to uh identify you know what is true to
all kayanga and science
true to a particular group or to a
particular race it should be true to all
that yes and
um although
sometimes there are experimentation or
there are scientists who claim that
their findings are are the most accurate
or let's say the truest of all uh of
course when when ambitious science is
Young experimentation and new evidence
from such observation or experimentation
to avoid yes because the moment then
uh it will somehow affect the theory and
the laws or the principles behind such
claims
safeguardium credibility no
experimentation and observation so that
when they come up with uh with a factual
data it's really an evident no an
evidence that will try to prove their
claim no one Whatever uh actions or
whatever problems they're trying to
resolve okay now under uh scientific
inquiry no science is not authoritarian
remember uh
there is no such thing as a complete
Authority when it comes to science and
as I've mentioned science is evolving
science is changing except of course for
those uh principles that have already
been established and it became a law but
until such no uh they still need not to
be
proven as time passes by and please
remember that
you know uh science is not the complete
Authority or uh when you let's say for
example uh a certain scientist claims
that his theory is
a complete authority of that particular
field Hindi party Eon no do you remember
theories are judged by their results
evidence and Science and their claims
should be factful okay now uh the last
uh nature of science is that it is a
scientific Enterprise now under
scientific Enterprise we have science as
a complex social activity
uh every time science introduce
something let's say Theory manian a
procedure
remember people sometimes tried or
people sometimes are hesitant and uh
let's we we might admit it or not we are
always hesitant for change no because we
sometimes have this status quo mentality
to mentality
change if we have already
this existing let's say procedure or
activity
however remember science goal is to
always improve our life it's to make our
life comfortable uh one typical example
known application
modernization
that there are still other factors that
needs to be considered and of course
Nintendo hesitancy
now why do we need to change because our
jeepneys are let's say uh it has a
cultural significance attend it's one of
our cultural identity but remember no we
need to change for the better and this
uh this is the reason why science is a
complex social activity now it needs a
lot of meetings it needs a lot of
deliberations certain
finding or procedure and I introduced
known as science
um another example
nowadays I think food Innovation Center
because we have our sector here uh
funded by the OST we are creating a lot
of Technologies and procedures that
would help you know uh several
entrepreneurs one that experience
has a shelf life of two to three days
and I'm complaining
abroad is that they could not bring it
uh loved ones
now we have this new technology of
vacuum uh vacuum packaging whereinated
prolong you know the shelf life of
Kalama to 28 days but could you imagine
that so that's a big help however when
it was introduced
of course
comfort zone and they're going to be out
of the box now so hesitancy but in the
long run as you try to explain and
convince them with facts and evidences
significant
they realize that really you know
science is beneficial and in order for
us to improve and innovate we really
need science
okay next we have scientific Enterprise
under scientific Enterprise I should say
is science is organized into content
disciplines and is conducted in various
institutions remember no on science
institution let's say University it's
not enough that you learn science inside
the classroom you have to bring out
science so that it could benefit no it
could be an answer to the problems of
the people in the society
secretary no it's not enough that
science remains as a knowledge it's not
enough that science uh remains in
research it should be converted into
technology converted into inventions and
later on it should uh help you know the
people in our community to have a better
life or a better let's say business
better lifestyle and whatnot okay so
science is organized into content
disciplines and is conducted in various
institutions now other another under
scientific Enterprise is that of course
there are generally acceptable accepted
ethical principles in the conduct of
science
technologies that are harmful well
generally generally we learn among
technology
it's all how we use the technology that
matters
um of course no
um
ethical considerations
when you talk about ethics it's about
what is right and wrong okay uh
okay next one we have a scientists
participate in public affairs both as a
specialist and as Citizens remember
they are first and foremost citizens and
they are considered to be stakeholders
of the community so uh
public interest
discoveries
inventions
procedures theories and laws should be
for the common good of the people and
it's not it should never benefit only
known themselves a few
sadly
Reality Bites technology
and that is of course to make our life
better and to answer no problems in our
community okay I think this is the last
one okay now that we're done with
science and its nature of course it's
just an application okay or an
introduction technology on the other
hand it's the application of science it
actually came from the Greek word
technique meaning art skill or cunning
of hand remember no it involves the
development and innovation of materials
tools uh that could help you know uh
make our lives better and fulfill you
know our needs and our desires now
please bear in mind technology
cell phones
everything around us is actually
considered technology one example
General pencil no pencil is a technology
it was actually created and made so that
we could I mean unease where we could
have at ease in writing you know
whatever ideas we have in mind agenda
new paper no agendum tissues
plates no and what and everything is
so that is actually technology now
to help you or or for paradaman Mega
wind and
for this class no you'll be asked or
will be divided into groups I've already
sent messages in your mayor and then you
will be divided into group now this time
I want you to think I want you to
brainstorm among yourselves now how I
mean what is the relationship of science
technology and Society now I want you to
pinpoint or include you know the
advantages and disadvantages brought by
science and technology to our society
now I have here the root brick now
please use it in creating your Venn
diagram so you'll be presenting your
Venn diagrams in our next meeting and uh
please follow the guidelines I have set
those are in your mayor and I am hoping
uh you'll be conducting research about
this and uh you'll be
including on your presentation
significant ideas and information
related to the relationship of science
technology and society and please don't
forget to include examples as well
discussion so that would be all for our
first topic under science technology and
Society so I will be seeing you next
time see you and God bless bye
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