开篇: 介绍(Introduction) 中英文字幕

AI大模型之美
24 Dec 202304:38

Summary

TLDR本视频课程介绍了构建高质量的Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG)系统的关键方法,包括高级检索技术如句子窗口检索和自动合并检索,以及评估RAG系统的有效框架。课程由LX的联合创始人Jerry和Truera的联合创始人兼首席科学家Anupam主讲,他们将分享如何通过系统的方法构建可靠的问答系统,并提供实践操作经验,帮助学习者掌握构建生产就绪的RAG应用的技巧。

Takeaways

  • 📚 检索增强生成(RAG)是一种关键方法,用于在用户数据上获取答案。
  • 🚀 构建高质量的RAG系统需要有效的检索技术和评估框架。
  • 🔍 课程介绍了两种高级检索方法:句子窗口检索和自适应合并检索。
  • 🌳 自适应合并检索通过将文档组织成树状结构来提供更连贯的文本块。
  • 📈 三元组度量(RAG Triad)是评估RAG基于LLM应用的有效方法。
  • 🔎 通过计算上下文相关性来识别和调试系统检索上下文的问题。
  • 🔧 课程还包括其他评估指标,如基础性和答案相关性。
  • 🛠️ 通过系统方法分析QA系统的不同部分,以改进系统。
  • 🎯 课程目标是帮助建立生产就绪的基于RAG的应用。
  • 📊 后期课程将实践使用检索方法和评估方法进行迭代。
  • 📈 课程还将分享基于经验的调整检索方法的建议。
  • 🙏 感谢多位专家和贡献者共同创建此课程。

Q & A

  • 什么是RAG技术?

    -RAG(Retrieval Augmented Generation)技术是一种通过检索增强的生成方法,用于在用户自己的数据上回答未解决的问题。

  • 为什么建立高质量的RAG系统需要有效的检索技术?

    -有效的检索技术可以为语言模型(LM)提供高度相关的上下文,以生成准确的答案,这对于构建高质量的RAG系统至关重要。

  • RAG系统的生产化过程中,评估框架的作用是什么?

    -评估框架有助于高效迭代和改进RAG系统,无论是在初始开发阶段还是在部署后的维护过程中。

  • 课程中提到的两种高级检索方法是什么?

    -课程中提到的两种高级检索方法是句子窗口检索和自动合并检索,它们都能为LM提供比简单方法更好的上下文。

  • 句子窗口检索是如何工作的?

    -句子窗口检索通过检索不仅包括最相关句子,还包括其前后句子的窗口,从而为LM提供更好的上下文。

  • 自动合并检索如何组织文档?

    -自动合并检索将文档组织成类似树状的结构,其中父节点的文本被分配给其子节点。当足够多的子节点被识别为与用户问题相关时,父节点的整个文本就被作为上下文提供给LM。

  • RAG Triad是用于评估什么的?

    -RAG Triad是一组用于评估基于RAG的LLM应用程序的三个主要步骤的指标,包括上下文相关性、接地性和答案相关性。

  • 如何计算上下文相关性?

    -上下文相关性衡量检索到的文本块与用户问题的关联程度,有助于识别和调试系统在为LLM检索上下文时可能存在的问题。

  • 除了上下文相关性,还有哪些评估指标?

    -除了上下文相关性,还有其他评估指标如接地性和答案相关性,它们让你能够系统地分析系统哪些部分工作良好,哪些还需要改进。

  • 本课程的目标是什么?

    -本课程的目标是帮助你构建生产就绪的基于RAG的应用程序,并在课程的后半部分通过实践学习如何迭代改进系统。

  • 课程中会提供哪些实践操作?

    -课程中会提供使用句子窗口检索和自动合并检索方法进行迭代的实践操作,并展示如何使用系统性实验跟踪来建立基线并快速改进。

  • 课程中提到的两位特邀讲师是谁?

    -课程中提到的两位特邀讲师是LX的联合创始人兼CEO Jerry,以及Truena的联合创始人兼首席科学家Anupam。

Outlines

00:00

🤖 介绍RAG系统及其重要性

本段介绍了检索增强生成(RAG)系统的重要性,它是一种关键的方法,用于在用户自己的数据上回答LS问题。为了构建和生产高质量的RAG系统,需要有效的检索技术为语言模型(LM)提供高度相关的上下文以生成答案,以及有效的评估框架来帮助在初始开发和部署后维护期间高效迭代和改进RAG系统。课程涵盖了两种先进的检索方法:句子窗口检索和自动合并检索,这些方法比简单方法更好地为LM提供上下文。此外,还介绍了如何使用三个评估指标(上下文相关性、淹没度和答案相关性)来评估LM问答系统。

Mindmap

Keywords

💡检索增强生成(RAG)

检索增强生成(Retrieval Augmented Generation, RAG)是一种结合了检索和生成技术的方法,用于在用户自己的数据上回答未见过的问题。这种方法通过有效的检索技术为语言模型(LM)提供高度相关的上下文,以便生成答案。在视频中,RAG系统的构建和生产化是讨论的重点,强调了有效检索技术和评估框架对于系统开发和维护的重要性。

💡语言模型(LM)

语言模型(Language Model, LM)是一种用于处理和生成自然语言文本的人工智能模型。它通过学习大量文本数据来理解和预测语言的结构和用法。在视频中,LM是RAG系统的核心,用于在给定相关上下文的情况下生成问题的答案。

💡检索技术

检索技术是指从大量数据中找到与查询相关的信息的方法。在视频中,检索技术用于从用户数据中检索出与问题最相关的上下文信息,以便LM可以在此基础上生成答案。

💡评估框架

评估框架是一套用于评价和改进系统性能的标准和方法。在视频中,评估框架用于帮助开发者高效迭代和改进RAG系统,通过评估LM问答系统的不同方面来确保系统的质量和可靠性。

💡句子窗口检索

句子窗口检索是一种检索方法,它不仅检索与问题最相关的句子,还检索该句子前后的句子。这种方法能够为LM提供更丰富的上下文信息,从而帮助生成更准确的答案。

💡自动合并检索

自动合并检索是一种组织文档的方法,它将文档结构化为类似树状的结构,每个父节点的文本被分配给其子节点。当足够多的子节点被识别为与用户问题相关时,父节点的整个文本就被用作LM的上下文。

💡上下文相关性

上下文相关性是衡量检索到的文本块与用户问题相关性的程度的指标。它帮助开发者识别和调试系统在检索上下文方面的潜在问题,从而改进LM在问答系统中的表现。

💡置信度

置信度是衡量LM生成的答案可靠性的指标。它反映了系统对于所提供答案的确信程度,有助于评估和改进LM在问答系统中的表现。

💡答案相关性

答案相关性是衡量LM生成的答案与用户问题匹配程度的指标。它用于评估答案的准确性和适用性,是改进LM问答系统的关键部分。

💡迭代

迭代是指在系统开发过程中反复进行的一系列活动,目的是逐步改进和完善系统。在视频中,迭代是生产就绪的RAG系统的关键部分,通过系统地应用检索方法和评估方法来实现。

💡系统性实验跟踪

系统性实验跟踪是一种用于监控和记录实验过程及其结果的方法,以便分析和改进系统。在视频中,这种方法被用来建立系统性能的基线,并在此基础上进行快速改进。

Highlights

检索增强生成(RAG)已成为获取用户数据中问题答案的关键方法。

构建和生产化高质量的RAG系统需要有效的检索技术为语言模型(LM)提供高度相关的上下文以生成答案。

有效的评估框架有助于高效迭代和改进RAG系统,包括初始开发和部署后维护。

本课程涵盖两种先进的检索方法:句子窗口检索和自动合并检索,它们能为LM提供比简单方法更好的上下文。

句子窗口检索通过检索最相关句子及其前后句子的窗口来为LM提供更好的上下文。

自动合并检索通过将文档组织成树状结构,动态检索更连贯的文本块。

RAG Triad是评估基于RAG的LLM应用的有效方法,包括三个主要步骤的度量:上下文相关性、接地性和答案相关性。

计算上下文相关性有助于识别和调试系统在为LLM检索上下文时可能存在的问题。

除了上下文相关性,还需评估接地性和答案相关性,系统地分析系统各部分的工作情况。

本课程旨在帮助您构建生产就绪的基于RAG的应用,并通过系统迭代提高系统性能。

后续课程中,您将通过实践这些检索方法和评估方法进行迭代,并学习如何使用系统实验跟踪来建立基线并快速改进。

本课程还将分享基于经验调整这两种检索方法的建议,以帮助合作伙伴构建RAG应用。

感谢多位人员共同创建本课程,包括LX的联合创始人兼CEO Jerry,以及Truera的联合创始人兼首席科学家Anupam。

Anupam是CMU的教授,十多年来一直致力于可信赖AI的研究,包括如何监控、评估和优化AI的有效性。

下一课将概述课程的其余部分,您将尝试使用句子窗口检索或自动合并检索的问题回答系统,并比较它们在RAG Triad中的性能。

Transcripts

play00:02

retrieval augmented generation or rag

play00:04

has become a key method for getting LS

play00:06

answered questions over a user's own

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data but to actually build and

play00:11

productionize a high quality rag system

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it helps a lot to have effective

play00:16

retrieval techniques to give the LM

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highly relevant context to generate his

play00:20

answer and also to have an effective

play00:23

evaluation frameware to help you

play00:25

efficiently iterate and improve your rag

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system both through initial development

play00:30

and during post deployment maintenance

play00:32

this course covers two Advanced

play00:34

retrieval methods sentence window

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retrieval at Auto emerging retrieval

play00:39

that deliver a significantly better

play00:41

context of the LM than simpler methods

play00:43

it also covers how to evaluate your LM

play00:46

question answering system with three

play00:48

evaluation metrics context relevance

play00:51

drowned and answer relevance I'm excited

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to introduce Jer new co-founder and CEO

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of LX and anupam data co-founder and

play01:00

chief scientist of true era for a long

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time I've enjoyed following Jerry and

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Lama index on social media and getting

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tips on evolving rap practices so

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looking forward to him teaching this

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body of knowledge more systematically

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here at an new pump has been a professor

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at CMU and has done research for over a

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decade on trustworthy Ai and how to

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monitor evaluate and optimize a

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Effectiveness thanks Andrew it's great

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to be here great to be with you Andrew

play01:30

sentence window retrieval gives an Ln

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better context by retrieving not just

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the most relevant sentence but the

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window of sentences that occur before

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and after it in the document autom

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merging retrieval organizes the document

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into a tree likee structure where each

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parent nodes text is divided among its

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child nodes when enough child nodes are

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identified as relevant to a user's

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question then the entire text of the

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parent node is provided as context for

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the Ln I know this sounds like a lot of

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steps but don't worry we'll go over it

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in detail on code later but the main

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takeaway is that this provides a way to

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dynamically retrieve more coherent

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chunks of text than simpler methods to

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evaluate rag based llm apps the rag

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Triad a Triad of metrics for the three

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main steps of a Rags execution is quite

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effective for example we'll cover in

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detail how to compute context relevance

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which measures how relevant the retrieve

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chunks of text are to the user's

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question

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this helps you identify and debug

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possible issues with how your system is

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retrieving context for the llm in the QA

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system but that's only part of the

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overall QA system we'll also cover

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additional evaluation metrics such as

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groundedness and answer relevance that

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let you systematically analyze what

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parts of your system are or are not yet

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working well so that you can go in in a

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targeted way to improve whatever part

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part needs the most work if you're

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familiar with the concept of error

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analysis and machine learning this has

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similarities and I found that taking

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this sort of systematic approach helps

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you be much more efficient in building a

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reliable QA system the goal of this

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course is to help you build production

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ready ride based om apps and important

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part of getting production ready is to

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iterate in a systematic way on the

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system in the later half of this course

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you gain Hands-On practice iterating

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using these retrieval methods and

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evaluation methods and you also see how

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to use systematics experiment tracking

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to establish a Baseline and then quickly

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improve on that we'll also share some

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suggestions for tuning these two

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retrieval methods based on our

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experience assisting Partners who are

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building rag apps many people have

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worked to create this course I'd like to

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thank on the larm index side

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Logan makit and on the trer side shyen

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joshu Ry and barara Lewis from de. a

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Eddie Shu and diala aine also

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contributed to this course the next

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lesson will give you an overview of what

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you'll see in the rest of the course

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you'll try out question answering

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systems that use sentence window

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retrieval or autom merging retrieval and

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compare their performance on the rag

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Triad context relevance groundedness and

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answer relevance sounds great let's get

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started and I think you be really clean

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up with this rag

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stuff laughed on

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it

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RAG技术检索增强问答系统语境相关性JerryAI评估系统优化课程教学实践迭代
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