Quoting, Paraphrasing, Summarizing in APA

Summary

This video explains the differences between quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing, and how to effectively incorporate external sources into academic writing. It emphasizes the importance of citing all information not considered common knowledge, including images and graphs, to avoid plagiarism. The video provides guidance on when to use direct quotes, how to paraphrase or summarize effectively, and how to properly format in-text citations. Additionally, it offers strategies for smoothly integrating sources into essays and discussion posts to strengthen arguments and support research.

Takeaways

• 📖 Quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing are distinct ways of integrating outside resources into academic writing.
• 📚 Citing outside sources gives credibility to your writing and helps support your claims with evidence.
• 💡 Direct quotes highlight impactful phrases or sentences and should be cited with the author’s name, year, and page number.
• 📜 Paraphrasing involves restating detailed ideas in your own words, without adding your own opinions or interpretations.
• 📝 Summarizing condenses the main ideas of a source into a brief restatement using your own words.
• 📊 Images, charts, and graphs that are not your own must be properly cited, even when copied from textbooks or online sources.
• ✍️ Effective integration of quotes requires leading into the quote with an introductory sentence and explaining its relevance afterward.
• 🛑 A good paraphrase avoids using more than three consecutive words from the original text and always includes an in-text citation.
• 🔍 Multiple sentences that cite the same source must each contain an in-text citation, not just at the end of the paragraph.
• 📅 Practicing paraphrasing and summarizing takes time, and it is important to fully understand the source before attempting either.

Q & A

What is the importance of citing outside sources in academic writing?

Citing outside sources in academic writing provides support for claims, enhances the writer's credibility, and showcases various perspectives on a topic. It also ensures proper credit to the original authors of the ideas used.

What is the difference between quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing?

Quoting involves using the exact words from a source, paraphrasing is restating the main ideas in detail in your own words, and summarizing is a brief restatement of the source's main points in your own words.

When should you use direct quotes in your writing?

Direct quotes should be used when the original wording is impactful or when rephrasing would diminish its meaning. It's also important to introduce the quote and explain its significance to the argument.

Why is it necessary to cite paraphrased or summarized information?

Even when information is paraphrased or summarized, it must be cited because the original ideas come from another source. Failure to cite could lead to plagiarism.

What information must always be cited?

You must cite any information that is not common knowledge, including direct quotes, paraphrased ideas, images, graphs, and charts from other sources.

What is the 'rule of three' in paraphrasing?

The 'rule of three' suggests that if three consecutive words from the original source are identical in your paraphrase, they should be considered a direct quote and properly cited.

How can you avoid plagiarism when paraphrasing?

To avoid plagiarism when paraphrasing, read the entire passage, understand it fully, write down the key points, set aside the original, and then rewrite it in your own words using the key information.

What are the citation requirements for direct quotes?

For direct quotes, the citation must include the author's last name, publication year, and page or paragraph number (for sources without page numbers like websites).

How should in-text citations be used if a paragraph relies heavily on one source?

Citing only at the end of the paragraph is insufficient. Instead, you should cite the source throughout the paragraph to make it clear which ideas come from the source.

Why is it important to integrate your own voice when using outside sources?

Integrating your own voice ensures that your paper remains a reflection of your analysis and understanding. Outside sources should support your arguments, not replace your own ideas.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Importance of Using Outside Sources and Proper Citation

This paragraph introduces the video, explaining the necessity of using outside sources in academic writing. It emphasizes the value of quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing resources to support claims, provide credibility, and illustrate different perspectives. The paragraph also covers the importance of citing both direct quotes and paraphrased ideas, as well as the proper citation of images, graphs, and charts.

05:01

📝 Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing Techniques

This section breaks down the differences between quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing. Quoting is using a source’s exact words, paraphrasing is restating detailed information in your own words, and summarizing provides a brief overview of main ideas. Tips are offered on how to effectively use direct quotes, including introducing and explaining their relevance, and the importance of citing authors’ last names, publication years, and page numbers.

10:01

🔍 Tips for Paraphrasing and Avoiding Plagiarism

This paragraph provides guidelines on how to paraphrase effectively without plagiarizing. It advises reading the entire source, identifying key points, and then rewriting the content in your own words. The 'rule of three' is introduced, recommending that three consecutive words from the original text should be quoted. Additionally, it highlights the importance of providing in-text citations for paraphrased material and avoiding word-for-word copying.

🧐 Examples of Correct and Incorrect Citation Integration

In this section, examples of correct and incorrect in-text citations are given. It demonstrates the proper way to integrate citations into a paragraph to maintain the flow of writing while giving credit to the original source. The paragraph stresses that a single in-text citation at the end of a paragraph is insufficient and showcases how to maintain your own voice while incorporating research effectively.

💬 Including Sources in Weekly Discussions and Final Tips

This final section encourages students to incorporate sources into weekly discussion posts and academic papers to enhance credibility. It advises creating a reference list while doing research and outlining where outside sources will be used. The paragraph concludes with a reminder to always cite when in doubt and suggests utilizing writing resources such as APA webinars or seeking help from a writing tutor.

Keywords

💡Quoting

Quoting refers to directly taking information word-for-word from a source and incorporating it into your own writing. In the video, quoting is presented as a way to highlight impactful phrases or statements that would lose meaning if paraphrased. Quotes must always be followed by an in-text citation including the author's name, publication year, and page number to give proper credit.

💡Paraphrasing

Paraphrasing involves restating the main ideas of a source in your own words while keeping the original meaning intact. The video emphasizes that paraphrasing requires a deep understanding of the material, and it is used to provide detailed explanations without directly quoting. It must also be cited properly, even though the wording is original to the writer.

💡Summarizing

Summarizing is the act of condensing the main ideas of a source into a brief overview, using your own words. In the video, summarizing is presented as a useful tool for providing an overview of complex materials without delving into detail. Like paraphrasing, summaries need to be cited to credit the original source of the ideas.

💡In-text citation

In-text citation refers to the practice of providing immediate references within the body of a text to give credit to the original source of information. The video highlights the importance of including in-text citations to avoid plagiarism and provide clear references, especially when quoting, paraphrasing, or summarizing. Citations typically include the author’s last name, publication year, and, in the case of quotes, a page number.

💡Plagiarism

Plagiarism is the act of using someone else’s words or ideas without giving them proper credit. The video stresses that plagiarism can occur when students think they can change a few words in a source and claim it as their own. It underscores that whether paraphrasing or summarizing, an in-text citation is necessary to avoid plagiarism.

💡Common knowledge

Common knowledge refers to facts or information that are widely known and do not require citation. The video distinguishes between common knowledge and information that must be cited, clarifying that anything not universally known, including specific data, opinions, or research findings, requires a citation.

💡Source integration

Source integration is the process of smoothly incorporating quotes, paraphrases, or summaries into one's writing to support arguments or provide examples. The video advises that sources should be woven into the text like part of a conversation, rather than being awkwardly inserted. This integration strengthens the flow of the paper and adds credibility.

💡Direct quote

A direct quote is a word-for-word excerpt from a source used in writing. The video notes that direct quotes should be used sparingly, only when rephrasing would reduce the impact or meaning of the original. It must be properly introduced, cited, and followed by an explanation of its relevance to the argument.

💡APA format

APA format is a citation style commonly used in academic writing, particularly in the social sciences. The video references APA format as an example of how to properly format in-text citations and references for quotes, paraphrases, and summaries. It emphasizes following these guidelines to ensure proper attribution.

💡Author's voice

The author’s voice refers to the original thoughts, opinions, and analysis presented by the writer of a paper. The video encourages balancing the use of external sources with the writer’s own voice, ensuring that quotes, paraphrases, and summaries serve to support the author’s argument, rather than replacing it. This helps maintain a personal tone while incorporating expert research.

Highlights

This video teaches the difference between quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing resources.

Incorporating resources in academic writing is crucial for providing support to your claims.

Quoting allows you to highlight a striking phrase or passage from a source.

Students must cite anything that is not common knowledge, not just direct quotations.

Summarizing and paraphrasing also require proper citation as the ideas are not the writer's own.

Images, graphs, and charts from external sources need to be appropriately cited.

It’s essential to integrate sources smoothly, avoiding quote overload.

Effective writing integrates expert opinions to support or introduce new perspectives.

Quoting involves copying information word-for-word with proper citation.

Paraphrasing involves restating detailed ideas in your own words without personal interpretation.

Summarizing provides a brief restatement of main ideas in your own words.

Prepare your reader for quotes by using an introductory phrase or sentence.

Paraphrasing and summarizing take practice and understanding of the original material.

Three consecutive identical words from the original should be considered a direct quote.

A good paraphrase includes all key details while staying true to the original content.

Transcripts

this video will teach you the difference

between quoting paraphrasing and

summarizing resources as well as how to

effectively integrate resources into

your academic writing it's important to

understand why it's necessary to use

outside sources in your writing citing

information you found in books articles

or websites allows you to provide

support to the claims and arguments that

you're making this gives you credibility

as a writer it also allows you to give

examples of different points of view on

a subject or call attention to a

position that you agree or disagree with

incorporating direct quotes into your

writing allows you to highlight a

striking phrase sentence or passage from

a resource it's also important to

understand what information you need to

cite in your writing you need to cite

anything that is not common knowledge

many students think only direct

quotations need citations and are

surprised to find out that they need to

cite information that they have read and

then put into their own words doing so

actually means that you have summarized

or paraphrased information from the

source those ideas and thoughts were

initially not their own so credit needs

to be given to the author of the source

images graphs and charts that you did

not create also need to be cited it's

very easy to find images on Google and

those need to be appropriately cited

also your e-text books make it very easy

to copy and paste charts and graphs into

your written assignments it's necessary

to cite where you took the information

from learning how to integrate outside

sources into your academic writing is a

skill that takes time and practice

beginning writers tend to include a

quote then write a sentence add another

quote then write another sentence which

can be difficult for the reader to

follow try to think about writing a

paper as having a conversation with your

instructor or classmates you are adding

your own voice and a pin

means to a conversation about whatever

your paper topic is after defining your

research question or thesis statement

your paper allows you to answer the

question or provide support to the

stance you have taken on a topic as you

write your opinions and analysis of a

topic you can weave in expert opinions

or research to provide support or

introduce a new perspective on the topic

before we discuss each and more depth we

should start by understanding the

difference between quoting paraphrasing

and summarizing quoting information

means that you are taking information

word-for-word from the source

paraphrasing information means you've

restated in detail the sources main

ideas into your own words you do not

include your own opinions or

interpretations within the paraphrase of

the source his summary is a brief

restatement of the sources main ideas in

your own words let's start with a few

tips on quoting it can be tempting to

just use only direct quotes in your

academic writing since it is much easier

than paraphrasing or summarizing a

source however it's important to make

sure that the quote supports your main

idea only use a quote when putting it

into your own words would take away from

the meaning or impact also it's good

practice to prepare your reader for the

quote with an introductory phrase or

sentence it helps the flow of your paper

to lead into the quote otherwise it can

feel like the quote was just dropped

into the paper it's also good to explain

the meaning of the quote or how the

quote supports your main ideas after the

direct quote you can explain to the

reader its significance to the idea or

argument that you're trying to make for

a direct quote you always provide the

author's last name the publication year

and the page number in parentheses

direct quotes always have the page

number included or the paragraph number

if there is no page number like a

website including the page number allows

your reader to find the exact sentence

within

the resource you used below are two

examples and the first you can see the

quote is led into with the words it is

important that we and then the in-text

citation is at the end of the sentence

before the period in the second example

the author's name is included in the

sentence according to Berkman is how the

writer introduces the quote remember the

last name and publication year always

stayed together for in-text citations

because the author's name was included

in the beginning of the sentence only

the page number is listed at the end of

the sentence before the period as

mentioned before paraphrasing and

summarizing takes practice here are a

few tips to make it a little easier make

sure to read the whole paragraph before

attempting to put it in your own words

also make sure you completely understand

what you are reading

if you don't now is a good time to look

up words in the dictionary or do some

additional research next write down the

key information from the source identify

the main points in key words of the

paragraph now put the original aside

completely out of sight rewrite the

passage in your own words using the key

information you already wrote down by

doing this you are significantly

decreasing the chance of plagiarizing

the material now this isn't a hard and

fast rule but as a guideline it's

helpful to remember the rule of three

three consecutive words that are

identical to the original should be used

as a direct quotation a good summary or

paraphrase will include all of the

important details of the resource while

staying true to the original meaning of

the content the summary or paraphrase

should be in your own words often

students think it's okay to use it the

source and simply change a few of the

words in the original sentence or

paragraph this can be considered

plagiarism let's take a look at an

example the in-text citation for a

summary or paraphrase contains the

author's last name in the year of

publication

in parentheses let's take a look at how

the direct quote in our previous example

could be summer summarized or

paraphrased as a reminder this is what

the direct quote was you can see how the

first example the quote was paraphrased

and the in-text citation comes at the

end of the sentence the second example

summarizes the quote and uses the

author's name in the sentence a page

number is not included since we are not

directly quoting the source let's

practice together with a new example

pause the video so you may read the

passage below and write down the key

information what did you come up with

here is the key information that I

identified from the passage here is an

example of a plagiarized paraphrase of

the passage feel free to pause the video

again and identify in what ways the

passage is plagiarized in red we can see

the phrases that were taken directly

from the original also the paraphrase is

missing an in-text citation here are two

examples of the same passage paraphrased

without plagiarism again feel free to

pause the video to read through them on

your own a common question students have

is how to include in-text citations when

their entire paragraph use the same

source let's look at a few examples this

example is incorrect

a single in-text citation put at the end

of the paragraph is not sufficient as a

reader I would read this as only the

last sentence of the paragraph is being

attributed to Williamson the next

example is correct but pretty ugly an

in-text citation has been put at the end

of each sentence the source is being

cited however the writer could refine

the way they integrate the source into

the paragraph to include more of their

voice our last example shows how the

writer has a

actively integrated the source into the

paragraph frogs are excellent indicator

species to measure wetland health

according to a recent study by

Williamson 2010 frogs are very sensitive

to changes in pH caused by acid rain and

they are also very sensitive to

different types of pollution the study

notes that when frog populations in a

wetland Pullman

one can be sure that something is going

wrong in the wetland in addition when

oddities in frog morphology appear like

frogs with five legs or two heads one

can assume something is going wrong in

the wetland environment Williamson 2010

finally it's important to also

incorporate outside resources into your

weekly discussion posts this is a great

way to gain a better understanding of

the topic in addition to providing

credibility to your writing in the

example below you can see how the source

was integrated into the discussion post

with in-text citations and that the full

reference is listed at the end remember

be sure to cite any source whose ideas

influenced your writing you must always

include an in-text citation in a full

reference your reader can find the

original source also it's useful to do

your research and then create your

references page

this way you already have all the

information you need to create your

in-text citations then you can create an

outline that documents where you want to

incorporate your outside sources this

makes the process of writing your paper

go much more smoothly

do your best to correctly cite and

incorporate resources into your academic

writing and when in doubt cite it for

help with APA or writing assistance

check out our webinars which are

available live or recorded you may also

submit your paper for review by the

online Writing Lab or work directly with

a professional writing tutor for

specific questions feel free to chat

with a Rasmussen librarian