PROYEKSI PIKTORIAL
Summary
TLDRThis video lesson discusses projection techniques, focusing on two main types: pictorial and orthogonal projections. Pictorial projection is divided into perspective, oblique, and axonometric types (isometric, dimetric, and trimetric). The video explains how objects are represented on paper with different scaling ratios based on angles and axes. It further touches on the concept of foreshortening and how to apply it when drawing in various projections. Orthogonal projection types (European and American) are introduced, but further details will be covered in the next session.
Takeaways
- 😀 Understanding projections: How to present a real object in a drawing.
- 📏 Types of projection: Divided into pictorial and orthogonal projections.
- 🖼️ Pictorial projection: Further divided into perspective, oblique, and axonometric projections.
- 🎨 Axonometric projection: Includes isometric, dimetric, and trimetric methods.
- 🌍 Orthogonal projection: Split into European and American methods.
- 🔍 Isometric projection: Uses a 30-degree angle, and the reduction scale is 1:1:1.
- 📐 Dimetric projection: Uses a 35-degree angle, with reduction scales of 1:3/4:1 for the X, Y, and Z axes.
- 🎛️ Trimetric projection: Involves different angles for X and Y axes, with unique reduction scales.
- 🌀 Oblique projection: Objects are angled, with reduction scales based on the tilt angle (e.g., 30, 45, 60 degrees).
- 👁️🗨️ Perspective projection: Divided into one, two, and three-point perspectives, each representing different vantage points.
Q & A
What is the definition of projection in the context of this lesson?
-Projection is the method of representing a real object in a drawing, showing how an object is presented on paper.
What are the two main types of projections mentioned in the script?
-The two main types of projections are pictorial projection and orthogonal projection.
What are the three types of pictorial projections?
-The three types of pictorial projections are perspective projection, oblique projection, and axonometric projection.
What is axonometric projection and how is it divided?
-Axonometric projection shows the edges of an object tilted relative to the projection plane, making three surfaces visible. It is divided into isometric, dimetric, and trimetric projections.
What are the differences between isometric, dimetric, and trimetric projections?
-In isometric projection, the angles between the axes are 30 degrees, and the scale reduction is 1:1:1. In dimetric projection, the angles are 35 degrees, and the scale reduction is different for each axis (1:1 for X and Z, and 3/4 for Y). In trimetric projection, the angles and scale reductions vary for all three axes.
What is the purpose of scale reduction in projections?
-Scale reduction is used to proportionally reduce the dimensions of the object along specific axes to accurately represent it in the projection.
How is scale reduction applied in dimetric projection?
-In dimetric projection, for an object with a length of 100 mm along the Y-axis, the length will be scaled by 3/4, resulting in a 75 mm representation on the Y-axis, while the X and Z axes retain their original dimensions.
What is oblique projection and how is it different from orthogonal projection?
-Oblique projection occurs when the projection is not perpendicular to the projection plane, resulting in a tilted view. Orthogonal projection involves projecting the object perpendicularly to the projection plane.
What is perspective projection and how is it categorized?
-Perspective projection focuses all projection lines toward one or more vanishing points, creating a realistic sense of depth. It is categorized into one-point, two-point, and three-point perspective, depending on how many vanishing points are used.
What will be covered in the next lesson according to the speaker?
-The next lesson will focus on orthogonal projection, as the current session only covered axonometric projection.
Outlines
🔍 Introduction to Projection Types
The speaker begins with a greeting and introduces the topic of projection, explaining it as the method of representing a real object in a drawing. The discussion covers two main types of projection: pictorial and orthogonal. Pictorial projection is further divided into perspective, oblique, and axonometric projections. Axonometric projection, in turn, includes isometric, dimetric, and trimetric forms. Orthogonal projection is divided into European and American methods. The speaker provides an overview of the distinctions between these projection types and how objects are presented on paper.
🖼️ Understanding Axonometric Projection
This section delves deeper into axonometric projection, explaining how object edges are tilted relative to the projection plane to make three surfaces visible. The speaker discusses projection angles and scale factors, starting with isometric projection, where angles and scales are equal. The dimetric projection follows, with differing angles and scale factors (X:1, Y:3/4, Z:1). The speaker also explains the principle of scale reduction, providing an example of how a 100mm length is scaled down in a dimetric projection. The focus is on the impact of angles and scaling in the representation of objects.
📐 Exploring Oblique Projection and Its Scaling
Here, the speaker explains oblique projection, where the object is not perpendicular to the projection plane, resulting in inclined angles. The speaker details how different inclination angles (30°, 45°, 60°) influence the scale reduction along the Z-axis. For example, at a 30° inclination, the scale reduction is one-third, while at 45°, it is halved. The emphasis is on understanding how different angles affect the object's representation and the application of scaling in oblique projection.
🎯 Perspective Projection and Conclusion
The final section focuses on perspective projection, where projection lines converge at a central point. The speaker outlines one-point, two-point, and three-point perspectives, each corresponding to different numbers of vanishing points, resulting in varying perspectives. The speaker concludes the lesson with a summary of axonometric projection and announces that orthogonal projection will be covered in the next session. The video ends with a closing greeting.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Projection
💡Pictorial Projection
💡Axonometric Projection
💡Isometric Projection
💡Dimetric Projection
💡Trimetric Projection
💡Orthogonal Projection
💡Perspective Projection
💡Scale Reduction
💡Oblique Projection
Highlights
Introduction to the concept of projection and its purpose in representing real objects in drawings.
Explanation of two types of projections: pictorial and orthogonal.
Pictorial projection is divided into three types: perspective, oblique, and axonometric.
Axonometric projection includes isometric, dimetric, and trimetric projections.
Orthogonal projection is divided into two types: European projection and American projection.
In axonometric projection, object edges are tilted relative to the projection plane to display three surfaces.
Isometric projection has equal foreshortening scales (1:1:1) and uses 30° angles for X and Y axes.
Dimetric projection uses 35° angles for the X and Y axes, with a foreshortening scale of 1 on the X-axis, 3/4 on the Y-axis, and 1 on the Z-axis.
Foreshortening scales adjust dimensions based on axis tilt, reducing object sizes to match the projection’s angle.
Explanation of the foreshortening scale in dimetric projection: if an object has a length of 100 mm on the Y-axis, it’s scaled down by 3/4.
Differences between isometric, dimetric, and trimetric projections are based on varying angles of the X and Y axes.
Oblique projection occurs when projection rays are not perpendicular to the projection plane, creating varying foreshortening scales on the Z-axis.
In oblique projection, foreshortening scales depend on the tilt angle, with different scales for angles of 30°, 45°, and 60°.
Perspective projection uses a single vanishing point for 1-point perspective, two points for 2-point perspective, and three points for 3-point perspective.
Conclusion: axonometric projection covered in this session, while orthogonal projection will be discussed in the next session.
Transcripts
Halo assalamualaikum warahmatullahi
wabarakatuh
Hai anakku yang berbahagia pada
pertemuan kali ini kita akan membahas
proyeksi
Subhanallah
Hai pengertian proyeksi cara menyajikan
suatu benda nyata ke dalam gambar
Hai Bagaimana suatu benda itu
Hai akan disajikan Diatas Kertas
Hai macam proyeksi
Hai proyeksi dibagi menjadi dua proyeksi
piktorial dan proyeksi ortogonal
Hai proyeksi piktorial dibagi menjadi
tiga
proyeksi perspektif miring
Hai dan aksonometri
Hai perspektif dibagi menjadi tiga
hai
Hai sementara itu aksonometri dibagi
menjadi isometri dimetri dan trimetric
Hai sementara itu proyeksi orthogonal
dibagi menjadi dua yaitu proyeksi Eropa
dan proyeksi Amerika
yang selanjutnya
Hai proyeksi aksonometri
ini adalah bidang-bidang tepi benda
dimiringkan terhadap bidang proyeksi
sehingga tiga permukaan nya kelihatan
[Musik]
di dalam penggambaran proyeksi
aksonometri
Hai ada sudut proyeksi ada skala
perpendekan
Hai Coba kita perhatikan proyeksi
isometri itu sudut alfanya 30 dan
bedanya 30 maka skala perpendekan nya
111
di kemudian
Hai proyeksi dimetri itu sudut
Hai Alfan a35b tanya 35 disini skala
perbandingannya sumbu x nya satu sumbu y
nya 3/4 dan z nya satu berikutnya dengan
sudut-sudut yang lainpun bisa kita baca
skala perpendekan
Hai maksud dari skala perpendekan itu
bagaimana saya contohkan jika kita
menggambar dengan proyeksi dimetri
sudutnya 3535 maka ada skala perpendekan
3/4 pada sumbu-y Maksudnya apa jika
suatu benda panjangnya itu 100 makan
nanti akan dikalikan dengan 3/4 100
sekali kan 3/4 maka panjang
Hai garis gambar itu adalah pada sumbu y
adalah
Hai kalau pada sumbu-x misalkan skala
perbandingannya satu jika panjang
Bendanya adalah 100 mm maka dikalikan 1
= 101 panjangnya tetep
Hai isometri dimetri dan trimetri kalau
kita perhatikan itu adalah kemiringan
dari sudut X dan sudut Yenny anggrainy
kemiringannya berbeda isometri 3030
dimetri 3535 atau yang lainnya kemudian
trimetri
Hai saya lanjutkan
proyeksi miring adalah jika proyeksi
tidak tegak lurus bidang proyeksi ada
sudut kemiringan sudut 34516 puluh dari
sudut kemiringan ini ada skala
perpendekan pada kemiringan atau sudut Z
sumbu z
Hai misalkan pada kemiringan 30 maka
skala perpendekan nya adalah sepertiga
45 skala perbandingannya adalah setengah
dan 60 skala perbedaannya
empat 3/4 artinya ketika kita menggambar
proyeksi miring maka kita lihat
kemiringannya ini dan nanti panjang
sudut Z garis Z ini akan kita kalikan
dengan segala perpendekan
Hai yang terakhir adalah perspektif
adalah garis proyeksi dipisah dipusatkan
pada satu titik ada proyeksi 1.2.3 titik
berarti kalau satu titik maka garis
proyeksinya hanya satu titik kalau dua
titik bertiga risk proyeknya ada dua
titik abjad2 sudut pandang kalau tiga
titik berarti ada tiga sudut pandang
gambar
Hai untuk pertemuan kali ini kita
cukupkan sampai proyeksi aksonometri
untuk proyeksi orthogonal kita lanjutkan
pertemuan Berikutnya saya akhiri
Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi
wabarakatuh
[Musik]
hai hai
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