The Lake Nyos Incident

Summary

In 1984 and 1986, Cameroon's Lake Monoun and Lake Nyos experienced limnic eruptions, releasing lethal carbon dioxide fogs that killed over 1,700 people and thousands of livestock. The disasters, initially shrouded in mystery, were later attributed to volcanic activity beneath the lakes causing massive CO2 buildups. Scientists now monitor these lakes to prevent future catastrophes, but the threat remains at Lake Kivu, with its large population and potential for an even more devastating eruption.

Takeaways

• 🌐 The script discusses two mysterious disasters that occurred at Lake Monoun and Lake Nios in Cameroon, Africa.
• 🚛 On August 15, 1984, a truck near Lake Monoun broke down due to engine failure, followed by the death of all passengers due to an unknown fog.
• 🐂 Livestock and insects also perished, and 37 people died in the incident, which was initially covered up by authorities.
• 🔍 Scientists were initially baffled by the cause of death, which was later determined to be asphyxiation due to a heavy, toxic fog.
• 🌋 The script suggests that volcanic activity might have been the cause, but further investigation ruled out an active volcanic eruption.
• 🎙️ The script is sponsored by Dashlane, a password manager service that provides secure storage for personal information and passwords.
• 🗓️ On August 21, 1986, a similar disaster occurred at Lake Nios, with a loud noise and a dense fog that led to the death of around 1,800 people.
• 🏞️ Both lakes are situated on a volcanic field, and the disasters were later attributed to a buildup of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas, causing a limnic eruption.
• ⚠️ The script highlights the ongoing risk of a limnic eruption at Lake Kivu, which is much larger and has a higher population in its vicinity.
• 🔥 Lake Kivu contains high levels of methane, which, if released during a limnic eruption, could lead to a toxic fog and potentially cause widespread fires.

Q & A

What is the significance of the date August 15th, 1984, in the script?

August 15th, 1984, is significant because it marks the night when a mysterious disaster occurred at Lake Monoun in Cameroon, Africa, resulting in the unexplained deaths of 37 people and hundreds of livestock.

What unusual natural phenomenon was described as occurring at Lake Monoun?

A dense fog emerged from the lake, covering the surrounding area and causing the vehicle engines to sputter and stop, followed by the collapse and death of people and animals in the vicinity.

What was the initial theory regarding the cause of the disaster at Lake Monoun?

The initial theory was that the disaster was caused by volcanic activity, possibly due to an eruption releasing toxic fumes into the air.

Why was the event at Lake Monoun almost immediately covered up?

The event was covered up because Cameroon authorities had no explanation for the sudden loss of life and wanted to erase it from history to prevent panic and further incidents.

What was the role of Dashlane in the script?

Dashlane was the sponsor of the video, providing a service for password management, secure storage of personal information, and a VPN for online safety.

What was the second similar disaster that occurred two years after Lake Monoun?

The second disaster occurred at Lake Nios on August 21, 1986, where a loud noise was heard, followed by a dense fog that caused the deaths of up to 1,800 people and thousands of livestock.

What was the medical cause of death for the victims of both Lake Monoun and Lake Nios disasters?

The official cause of death for all victims was asphyxiation, as they were unable to breathe due to the unbreathable gas that replaced the oxygen in the air.

What was the scientific explanation for the disasters at both lakes?

The scientific explanation was that the disasters were caused by limnic eruptions, where large amounts of carbon dioxide built up at the bottom of the lakes were suddenly released, creating a toxic fog.

What measures have been taken to prevent future limnic eruptions at Lake Monoun and Lake Nios?

Scientists have installed pipes in the water of both lakes to allow the release of carbon dioxide, preventing the buildup of gas and reducing the risk of future eruptions.

Why is Lake Kivu considered a potential threat despite the measures taken at Lake Monoun and Lake Nios?

Lake Kivu is considered a potential threat because it is much larger and the degassing pipes installed have not been as effective. Additionally, it contains high levels of methane, which could cause fires in the event of an eruption.

What is the estimated frequency of limnic eruptions at Lake Kivu, and why is it a concern?

Limnic eruptions at Lake Kivu are estimated to occur roughly once every thousand years, and the last confirmed large-scale eruption was about 5,000 years ago, indicating that the area may be due for another eruption.

Outlines

00:00

🌌 Mysterious Deaths at Lake Monoun

On August 15, 1984, a truck carrying 12 passengers near Lake Monoun in Cameroon encountered a dense fog that emerged from the lake, causing the vehicle's engine to fail. The passengers, along with local livestock and wildlife, began to collapse and die without warning. A total of 37 people and hundreds of animals perished in an inexplicable disaster. The incident was initially covered up by Cameroonian authorities, who were left baffled and without an explanation for the sudden loss of life.

05:02

🔍 The Lake Nios Tragedy and Initial Theories

Almost two years after the Lake Monoun incident, a similar disaster occurred at Lake Nios on August 21, 1986. A loud noise was heard from the lake, followed by a thick mist that covered the area, leading to the asphyxiation of 1,800 people and over 3,000 animals. Initial theories suggested volcanic activity or terrorism as potential causes, but further investigation revealed no volcanic activity and the remote location made the terrorism theory less plausible.

10:04

🏞️ The Discovery of Limnic Eruptions

Scientists investigating the two incidents noted that both lakes were situated on the same volcanic field, which was producing large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2). It was discovered that CO2 had been accumulating at the bottom of the lakes for centuries. On the nights of the disasters, geological shifts caused the sudden release of this gas, which formed a dense, unbreathable fog that killed all life in its path. This phenomenon came to be known as a limnic eruption.

15:05

🔄 Preventive Measures and the Threat of Lake Kivu

Following the discovery of limnic eruptions, measures were taken to install pipes in Lake Monoun and Lake Nios to release CO2 safely. However, Lake Kivu, another lake on the same volcanic field, poses a much greater threat due to its size and population density. Despite attempts to install degassing pipes, the effectiveness has been limited, and the potential for a catastrophic limnic eruption remains. The last major eruption at Lake Kivu was approximately 5,000 years ago, indicating that another event could be imminent.

20:06

⏳ The Looming Threat of Lake Kivu

The video concludes with a discussion of the looming threat of a limnic eruption at Lake Kivu, which could be far more devastating than previous events due to the presence of high levels of methane. The methane could ignite, leading to a toxic fog and fire that could cover vast areas. The risk is so severe that some residents have fled the area, while others remain unaware of the potential danger. The video emphasizes the uncertainty and the need for continued monitoring and research to prevent such a disaster.

Keywords

💡Dashlane

Dashlane is a password manager and digital wallet application that stores and manages users' passwords, payments, and personal information securely. In the context of the video, it is mentioned as the sponsor, highlighting its utility for streamlining workflow and enhancing online security, which is particularly relevant for individuals who frequently use the internet for various tasks.

💡Lake Monoun

Lake Monoun is a body of water in Cameroon, Africa, which is central to the narrative of the video due to a tragic event that occurred there. On August 15th, 1984, a dense fog emerged from the lake, leading to the asphyxiation of 37 people and hundreds of livestock. The lake's mention in the video underscores the unexpected and mysterious nature of the disaster, highlighting the theme of natural phenomena leading to catastrophic events.

💡Asphyxiation

Asphyxiation refers to the inability to breathe due to a lack of oxygen, which was the cause of death for the victims in the video's narrative. The script describes how a dense fog, later identified as carbon dioxide, caused asphyxiation in both humans and animals. This keyword is crucial for understanding the mechanism behind the disaster, illustrating the video's focus on the deadly consequences of natural events.

💡Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

Carbon dioxide is a colorless, odorless gas that is naturally present in the Earth's atmosphere but can be deadly in high concentrations. In the video, CO2 is identified as the primary component of the fog that caused the disaster at Lake Monoun and Lake Nios. The script explains how CO2, being denser than air, stayed close to the ground and replaced oxygen, leading to suffocation. This keyword is central to the video's exploration of the scientific causes behind the tragic events.

💡Limnic Eruption

A limnic eruption is a rare natural disaster where a large amount of carbon dioxide is suddenly released from deep within a body of water. The video discusses how both Lake Monoun and Lake Nios experienced limnic eruptions, leading to the release of CO2 and subsequent asphyxiation of life around the lakes. This term is key to understanding the video's central theme of the unexpected and deadly nature of certain natural phenomena.

💡Lake Nios

Lake Nios, like Lake Monoun, is another lake in Cameroon that experienced a limnic eruption. The video describes a similar event to Lake Monoun, where a dense fog emerged from the lake on August 21st, 1986, resulting in the deaths of up to 1,800 people. The mention of Lake Nios in the video serves to emphasize the recurring pattern of such disasters and the potential for similar events in other locations.

💡Volcanic Field

A volcanic field is an area with multiple but isolated volcanoes, often characterized by the presence of magma and volcanic activity. The video script connects both Lake Monoun and Lake Nios to a volcanic field beneath them, which produced magma and consequently, carbon dioxide. This keyword is essential for understanding the geological context of the disasters and how natural geological processes can lead to such catastrophic events.

💡Methane

Methane is a flammable gas that, when mixed with air, can ignite and explode. The video discusses the presence of methane in Lake Kivu, which, if released during a limnic eruption, could cause not only a toxic fog but also fires. This keyword is significant as it introduces an additional layer of danger associated with limnic eruptions, particularly in the context of Lake Kivu.

💡Degassing

Degassing refers to the process of releasing gases, such as carbon dioxide, from a body of water to prevent a buildup that could lead to a limnic eruption. The video mentions that efforts have been made to degass Lake Monoun and Lake Nios by installing pipes, but similar measures have been less effective for Lake Kivu due to its size. This keyword is important for understanding the preventive measures taken to mitigate the risk of future limnic eruptions.

💡Toxic Fog

Toxic fog in the context of the video refers to the cloud of carbon dioxide and other chemicals that emerged from the lakes during the limnic eruptions, causing asphyxiation. The script describes how this fog led to the death of people and animals, creating a sense of dread and highlighting the immediate and invisible danger posed by such natural disasters.

Highlights

Sponsored by Dashlane, a password manager and digital wallet.

On August 15, 1984, a mysterious fog caused the death of 37 people and livestock near Lake Monoun, Cameroon.

The fog was accompanied by a loud noise and had a heavy stench, causing asphyxiation.

The incident at Lake Monoun was covered up by Cameroonian authorities.

Two years later, a similar disaster occurred at Lake Nios, killing up to 1,800 people.

Survivors reported a loud rumble and a dense fog that caused immediate collapse and death.

The cause of death was asphyxiation due to a heavy concentration of carbon dioxide.

The disasters were linked to volcanic activity beneath the lakes, causing a buildup of CO2.

Scientists identified the phenomenon as a 'limnic eruption', a natural disaster caused by the sudden release of CO2 from deep lake waters.

Following the discoveries, measures were taken to install degassing pipes in Lake Monoun and Lake Nios to prevent future eruptions.

Lake Kivu, another lake on the same volcanic field, poses a significant risk due to its size and the ineffectiveness of current degassing efforts.

The potential for a limnic eruption at Lake Kivu is considered a serious threat, with experts predicting it could be catastrophic.

The methane levels in Lake Kivu could lead to a toxic fog and fire, endangering the 2 million inhabitants in the vicinity.

The last large-scale limnic eruption at Lake Kivu was estimated to have occurred 5,000 years ago, indicating it is overdue.

The video concludes with a call to awareness about the potential for a devastating limnic eruption at Lake Kivu and the need for further action.

Transcripts

the following video is sponsored by

dashlane

[Music]

keep driving slow down use your

headlights and leave plenty of systems

ahead of you

august 15th 1984

night falls on lake minao a serene quiet

body of water in cameroon africa along

its shores lies a sleepy road where that

night a truck crammed with 12 passengers

would follow its twists and turns

as the vehicle passed through a dark

wooded area a dense fog began to emerge

from the lake rolling along the ground

and covering the surrounding area like a

blanket

it engulfed the road in an instant but

as far as the driver was concerned a

foggy night by the water was nothing too

out of the ordinary as he continued in

route to their final destination

a destination that would never be

reached

moments following the emergence of this

heavy fog the engine within the vehicle

began to sputter before shutting down

completely and slowing the crippled

vehicle to a stop the driver twists the

ignition over and over again but nothing

the engine was completely unresponsive

sitting on the roof of the parked truck

were two of the 12 passengers who

watched as one by one those inside of

the vehicle crawled out to investigate

the breakdown they watched as the group

of ten walked towards the truck's hood

and they watched as one by one they

began to collapse falling to the ground

without a single word

in just a moment's time the entire group

of ten had perished

as the passengers on the roof looked on

in horror they began to witness the

cattle and other livestock shriek in

agony before falling to the ground as

well even the bugs dropped from the sky

as on a night where you would typically

hear the sound of a million insects it

instead grew deathly silent

that day 37 people in total would lose

their lives with hundreds of livestock

suffering the same mysterious fate

it was a disaster that happened in an

instant but to most of the outside world

it didn't happen at all

left baffled cameroon authorities had no

explanation to this sudden loss of life

leading to the event almost immediately

being covered up and blacked out from

the rest of the world and honestly it

may have remained that way forever had

it not been for another event that

transpired in an identical manner with

this incident proving to be one of the

most shocking in human

history before we dive into this story i

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scientists were at a loss following the

disaster at lake minown as firsthand

reports were few and far between given

that hardly anyone in the area had

survived from what they could gather

residents reported hearing a loud noise

at some point during the night the noise

had come from the direction of the lake

and sounded almost like an explosion

which seemed consistent with the

appearance of the vegetation surrounding

the water as trees grass and bushes were

left completely flattened almost as if

it had been crushed by the force of an

explosion

following the strange noises fog began

to quickly cover the entire area which

was of particular interest as survivors

reported that it appeared different than

your typical mist it had a heavy stench

and even slightly burned the skin of

those who stood in its way

and as soon as the fog rolled in both

humans and animals alike began

collapsing and eventually passing away

with the official cause of death for all

of the victims being asphyxiation

the fog also seemed to move in an

unnatural way as it rolled along the

ground never straying more than a few

feet above the surface meaning that when

the two passengers were seated on top of

the truck they never actually came into

physical contact with the mist because

it never rose that high

and given that they had survived

unscathed well it seemed apparent that

the mist itself was likely what had

caused the deaths

but determining how or why a mist could

have killed everything in the

surrounding area

well that was another question entirely

looking at all the evidence it was

initially theorized that this event was

spurred on by volcanic activity as there

was an active volcano field beneath the

lake itself which upon eruption may have

released a cloud of toxic fumes into the

air

though upon further testing it was

determined that the volcano was inactive

at the time and no evidence of an

eruption was present

this left researchers at a complete loss

if this was not some kind of natural

occurrence then it seemed highly likely

that it was instead man-made and

potentially a case of terrorism

as given the sound of an explosion and

toxins in the air it was possible that a

chemical weapon was used on the region

but this theory was a hard sell too as

the region was so remote and obscure

that one would wonder why anyone would

target it let alone target it with

chemical weapons

given this scientists couldn't settle on

a definite conclusion and with the team

at a crossroads authorities would

conclude their investigation and instead

focus their efforts on keeping the

incident under wraps erasing it from

history in the hopes that nothing like

it would ever happen again

but unfortunately almost exactly two

years later

the fog would emerge once more

[Music]

it happened about a hundred kilometers

away from a noun on a body of water

called lake nios

night had fallen on the evening of

august 21 1986 when a loud noise was

heard coming from the water

quickly the lake began to bubble almost

as if it had turned to a boil those

bubbles then began to pop leading to a

thick mist emerging from the lake and

almost instantly covering the area in a

dense fog

dramatic as the event seemed virtually

no one was aware of what was happening

as the vast majority of nearby villagers

were fast asleep completely unaware of

the danger that they were in

by the edge of the lake a lady named

halima sully was living with four of her

daughters and following the sound of the

loud rumble halima would be awakened in

a state of confusion the sound was

startling but it would prove to be far

from the most frightening thing that she

would hear that night as immediately

after being jarred from her sleep she

began to hear a collage of voices

echoing from the village around her

it took a moment to decipher what

exactly it was until eventually it hit

her

those sounds were the wailing and the

moaning of people emanating from all

directions

it was the sound of suffering

as she stood in horror she would

suddenly go completely limp falling to

the floor of her home before passing out

meanwhile in a house high atop a cliff

overlooking the region a man named frame

chi would watch the mist roll in and

absorb the houses beneath him in the

village below was essentially his entire

family although he didn't think much of

the smoke-like mist as much like lake

manoun fog by the water was fairly

typical

that night she was feeling particularly

ill and after watching the mist for a

while he decided to go get some sleep

when he awoke the next morning he was

completely unaware that his life had

just been changed forever

as chi started his day by heading down

towards the lake he noticed a peculiar

silence in the air everything around him

was perfectly calm perfectly still

until he heard a voice

the voice of halima sully she could hear

her shouting in the distance come here

why are these people lying here why

won't they move again

he couldn't bear the sight it was far

too horrific is on the ground in front

of halima

lay all four of her children

none of whom were alive

and they weren't the only ones it's all

around them bodies littered the ground

of the village

as selima searched the area for

survivors she would discover 31 other

members of her family dead within their

nearby homes

in the fields around them also laid the

family's cattle of which they had worked

years to obtain yet in a matter of one

night all 400 of them had passed as well

that night halima had quite literally

lost everything and all that remained of

her family

was her

and she wasn't the only one one man

living in the nearby village of sabaam

had also heard the loud rumble that

night his name was joseph mcquain and

after he too was awakened by the blast

he emerged from his bed to check on his

daughter within his home was a cloud of

mist and through strained eyes he headed

towards her room though he didn't make

it far he described his account by

saying i could not speak i became

unconscious i could not open my mouth

because then i smelled something

terrible i heard my daughter snoring in

a terrible way very abnormal when

crossing to my daughter's bed i

collapsed and fell i was there till nine

o'clock in the morning i was surprised

to see that my trousers were red and had

stains like honey i opened the door i

wanted to speak my breath would not come

out my daughter was already dead

facing the reality of his deceased

daughter joseph would try and compose

himself as he left his home in search of

help though outside was an even

grizzlier sight in virtually all the

homes that surrounded him were the

deceased bodies of his neighbors some of

whom were sprawled across the ground of

the village while others he could see

through the windows of their homes

looking as if they had passed away in

their sleep on their skin and joseph's

as well were wounds comparable to

chemical burns

surrounding joseph was nothing but death

as overnight practically the entire

village had been wiped out

except for him and worst of all he had

no idea how or why in fact nobody did

but perhaps joseph's strangest encounter

came from the lake itself as he looked

out to the water he would notice that

the lake's signature shade of brown was

no more and instead that morning the

water ran red

for medical personnel the site was

shocking and the villages that the mist

reached survivors like joseph chi and

halima were few and far between with

those who did remain being left

incredibly ill with sores across their

bodies some had even become paralyzed

losing their ability to move for days

and weeks

at menoun the medical professionals had

found 37 individuals deceased along the

water which accounted for about half of

the lake's inhabitants

but things at nios were instantly much

different as the population was far more

dense rather than medics finding a few

dozen bodies the next day

they instead found hundreds

when it was all said and done as many as

eighteen hundred people lost their lives

that night with an exact number being

unknown as there were simply too many

bodies to count as they moved to quickly

bury the dead in a mass grave

along with this over three thousand

domesticated animals and livestock were

killed as well with the cause of death

for both humans and animals being

asphyxiation

and no immediate explanation as to

why in the days following the sudden

unexplained disaster surviving villagers

began speculating that what had happened

was some type of punishment passed down

from an unruly spirit referring to the

fog as some type of supernatural killer

mist but opinions across the region

varied with some calling into question

whether the government had been doing

some type of experimentation in the area

potentially testing weapons or chemicals

before something went very wrong with

this theory in particular remaining a

big talking point for a while as the two

lakes affected were so close so obscure

and both located in cameroon it might

also explain why authorities had moved

to cover up the lake menoun incident but

as for the authorities themselves they

were concerned that this was yet another

act of terrorism as it was almost as if

a bomb had been dropped over top of the

lake after all the sound of an explosion

was undisputed causing many to believe

that the region was under attack

which in a way was somewhat true only

this attack wasn't from some outside

force

and instead

it was from nature itself

as scientists studied the two lakes at

the center of these disasters they would

quickly note that both bodies of water

were located on top of the same volcanic

field this volcanic field had been

producing a large amount of magma which

in turn created carbon dioxide or co2 at

an alarming rate this was noteworthy as

a huge amount of co2 had been detected

in the water of both lakes following

these disasters which led to the

realization that over many years that

co2 had been building up at the very

bottom of these deep deep lakes and

given the region's consistent

temperatures that co2 had essentially

stayed put growing and growing each day

without any sort of release from the

depths of these waters

well that would be until the nights of

august 15th 1984 and august 21st 1986

when the earth had shifted leading to

the sudden exodus of centuries worth of

gas buildup

it's unknown for sure what had caused

both disturbances with some theorizing

that it could have been something as

minor as a small rock slide nearby or

even a cold bout of rain

but whatever its cause ultimately that

carbon dioxide would be released and

shoot up out of the water in an instant

soaring over 300 feet in the air

the blast was so severe that it even

created a tsunami within the lake with

scientists estimating the wave to be

over 60 feet tall before crashing into

the shore flattening all vegetation in

the immediate area and dying out before

it reached any villages

though it wouldn't be the wave that

proved to be so deadly as instead it was

the mist it brought up with it as that

fog was made up of almost entirely

carbon dioxide as well as other

chemicals brought up from the bottom of

the lake

co2 is unbreathable and far denser than

regular air so as it emerged from both

lakes it stayed very low to the ground

and essentially replaced all the oxygen

in the area with an unbreathable gas and

the more those villagers tried to

breathe it in the faster it made them

suffocate

this is why the truck's engine had

stopped at the very beginning as there

was no oxygen to circulate within the

engine rendering combustion within it

impossible and this also explains how

the majority of survivors lived in

higher elevations just high enough to

avoid the low-lying gas

this theory also accounted for the

wounds found on the bodies as they were

likely caused by co2 poisoning and the

lake's red color the following day well

that change was a direct result of the

high level of co2 in the water

the event sounds so supernatural so

unbelievable but this theory explained

everything and would eventually be

universally agreed upon as the cause for

both disasters

and ultimately it would lead to the

founding of a new type of natural

disaster which would come to be known as

a limnic eruption

with this discovery scientists have now

been able to install pipes in the water

that allow these lakes to release their

co2 without any large explosions making

manaon and nios seemingly safe from

another limnic eruption at least for now

and fortunately eruptions like this

require a confluence of incredibly

precise geological conditions with

scientists only confirming three lakes

across the entire world that are capable

of experiencing such a disaster which

means that not only are lake menoun and

lake nios now safe from these eruptions

but the world as a whole is as well

well

not exactly

the problem arises with that third lake

lake kivu a location where unlike nios

and manon there's yet to be any real

progress in degassing it they've added

pipes like the others but they haven't

been nearly as effective for one simple

reason

size

lake minnown and lake nios are small

lakes with lake nios being only about a

mile long each way but lake kivu is much

much bigger and to be exact in

comparison to lake nios kivu is 2 000

times larger and has roughly 2 million

inhabitants living on or around its

shores

all of whom could find themselves in the

midst of a toxic fog should one of these

eruptions occur and as of now it seems

like only a matter of time

scientists have discovered that limnic

eruptions have been happening at lake

kivu for a long time and they seem to

happen roughly once every thousand years

meaning that it could happen at any

moment

especially considering that the last

confirmed large-scale eruption seems to

have been roughly 5 000 years ago

meaning that the people living around

lake kivu may be living on borrowed time

with experts predicting that the event

could be even worse than you'd expect

because deep within the lake lies a high

level of methane which given its

flammability wouldn't just lead to a

toxic fog covering the area but it would

lead to fire covering it as well

giving it the possibility of setting

miles and miles of land on fire in an

instant

the risk is so serious that some have

fled the area over fears of an eruption

while others go about their daily lives

with no clue of the danger that

surrounds them as all it would take is

one earthquake or an eruption of a

nearby volcano or even something as

minor as a cold bout of rain to trigger

what could easily become the most

devastating natural disaster of all time

and with this possibility lurking at any

moment

all we can really do at this point

is wait

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