A VERDADE SOBRE OS BANCOS: Como Eles Ganham Dinheiro?

Manual da Evolução

19 Jun 202409:03

Summary

TLDRThis video explains how banks make money through loans, credit cards, and the fractional reserve system. It emphasizes the difference between deficit agents (those who spend more than they earn) and surplus agents (those who save and invest). The video warns about the financial dangers of debt and letting money sit in checking accounts due to inflation. It also discusses the benefits of investing in fixed-income products like CDBs, highlighting how banks profit from the interest spread. Finally, it explores other investment options, such as stocks and dividends, for long-term gains.

Takeaways

💳 Banks profit from customer debt through credit card fees, loans, and high-interest rates.
🛑 Borrowing from banks, using overdrafts, or credit card installment plans can be harmful to personal finances.
📊 Deficit agents spend more than they earn and rely on loans, while surplus agents save and invest their money.
💸 Keeping money idle in a bank account causes a loss in purchasing power due to inflation over time.
🏦 Banks use fractional reserve banking, lending out a large portion of deposited funds while keeping a small reserve.
📈 The banking system multiplies money through lending, leading to a greater total money supply.
📉 Investments like CDBs (Certificates of Deposit) allow people to earn interest, while banks loan the money at much higher rates.
🔄 The difference between the interest banks pay on savings and what they charge for loans is called the 'spread'.
💰 Investing in CDBs or bank shares can be more beneficial than leaving money idle, offering better long-term returns.
💹 Bank stocks and dividend-paying companies can provide returns through profits as shareholders.

Q & A

How do banks earn money from their clients?
-Banks earn money by offering loans to clients and charging interest. A classic example is credit card payments where clients are encouraged to make partial payments or minimum payments, leading to high interest charges.
What is a common mistake people make with credit card payments?
-People often think it's better to pay the minimum or to split the bill into installments without considering the high interest rates charged by the bank, which can lead to debt.
What are 'deficit agents' in an economy?
-Deficit agents are individuals or entities that spend more than they earn and often take out loans or use overdraft services, getting into debt with banks.
What are 'surplus agents' in an economy?
-Surplus agents are those who spend less than they earn, saving or investing their money in various assets that generate returns.
Why is leaving money in a checking account not a good option in Brazil?
-Leaving money in a checking account leads to a loss of purchasing power due to inflation over time. The value of the money diminishes, making it a poor option for savings.
What is the fractional reserve banking system?
-Fractional reserve banking is a system where banks hold a fraction (typically 10%) of deposited funds in reserve while lending out the remaining 90%. This allows banks to multiply money in the economy.
What happens when everyone tries to withdraw money from a bank simultaneously?
-If everyone tried to withdraw their money at the same time, the bank wouldn't have enough to cover all withdrawals, as much of the money is lent out to other clients.
What is the 'spread' in banking terms?
-The 'spread' refers to the difference between the interest banks pay to those who invest money (like in a savings account or CDB) and the much higher interest rates they charge on loans.
How can an individual benefit from being a 'surplus agent'?
-A surplus agent can benefit by investing in assets such as CDBs, stocks, or real estate funds. These investments generate returns, allowing them to grow their wealth over time.
Why do banks always make money, regardless of whether you have debts or investments?
-Banks make money by lending out the funds deposited with them at much higher interest rates than they pay to depositors. They profit from this difference, regardless of whether you are in debt or investing.

Outlines

00:00

💳 The Debt Trap: How Banks Profit from Loans and Credit Cards

This paragraph explains how banks around the world make money by encouraging customers to take on debt, including offering loans and credit cards. Customers often fall into the trap of thinking options like installment payments or minimum payments on credit cards are beneficial, without realizing the high interest rates. The message warns against relying on debt mechanisms like overdrafts, bad investments, and credit card installments as they are harmful to one's finances. It highlights the misconception that banks are being generous, whereas their actual goal is to profit from these mechanisms.

05:02

💰 Deficit vs. Surplus: Understanding Financial Roles

This section introduces two economic agents: deficit agents, who spend more than they earn and rely on loans, and surplus agents, who save more than they spend. The deficit agents get into debt with banks, while surplus agents accumulate savings or investments. The paragraph emphasizes the importance of avoiding being in debt and highlights how simply saving money in a bank account isn't enough, as inflation erodes the purchasing power of idle money. The message encourages financial discipline but warns that savings must be invested wisely to avoid losing value over time.

🏦 The Fractional Reserve System: How Banks Multiply Money

This paragraph explains the fractional reserve banking system, where banks only keep a fraction of deposits in reserve and lend out the rest, multiplying the money within the financial system. Using an example, it describes how a $10,000 deposit can lead to the creation of over $27,000 through successive loans. The key takeaway is that the balance shown in one's account doesn't reflect the actual money in the bank, as it has been lent out. The system relies on the improbability of all clients withdrawing their money simultaneously, revealing the leverage banks use to generate profit.

📈 Earning Through Investments: Making Your Money Work

Here, the focus shifts to how people can earn returns by investing in financial products like CDBs, LCIs, or LCAs. The paragraph highlights the current CDI rate and explains how, instead of letting money sit idle in a bank account, individuals can earn interest by investing in these instruments. It outlines the bank’s strategy of lending out deposits at much higher interest rates than what they pay to depositors, with the difference known as the 'spread.' This section emphasizes the benefits of being a 'superavitário,' earning returns instead of paying high interest rates as a 'deficitário.'

📊 Spread: The Bank’s Profit Margin

This paragraph elaborates on how banks make money by paying low interest rates to depositors (e.g., 1% per month for a CDB investment) and lending out that same money at much higher rates (e.g., 9% per month). The difference between what banks charge borrowers and what they pay investors is called the 'spread.' The narrative suggests that while banks will always profit from this spread, it’s still better to be on the side of receiving interest (as a superavitário) than paying it (as a deficitário). The underlying message is that banks are a necessary part of the financial system, and savvy individuals should leverage investments to their benefit.

📈 Stock Investments: A Long-Term Strategy for Higher Returns

The final paragraph discusses the option of investing in bank stocks or other companies that pay dividends as a way to generate long-term returns. While riskier than fixed-income investments, stock investments provide the opportunity to earn a share of a company's profits. By owning shares in large, dividend-paying banks, investors can receive a portion of the bank's earnings. The paragraph concludes by suggesting that stocks offer higher returns over time compared to fixed-income products, though they come with greater risk. The speaker mentions additional resources for understanding stock investments and thanks viewers for watching.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Deficit agents

Deficit agents are individuals or entities that spend more than they earn, typically resorting to borrowing money to cover their expenses. In the video, they are described as those who take out loans, use overdrafts, or finance credit card payments, becoming heavily indebted to banks. Their actions are central to how banks generate profit by charging high interest on borrowed money.

💡Surplus agents

Surplus agents are those who earn more than they spend, saving or investing their excess money. In the video, they are depicted as individuals who deposit their money into savings accounts, invest in bank products like CDBs, or leave funds in their checking accounts. Banks use their savings to lend to deficit agents, offering lower interest rates to surplus agents while charging higher rates to borrowers.

💡Fractional reserve banking

Fractional reserve banking is the system where banks keep only a fraction of the depositors' money in reserve and lend out the majority. In the video, this is explained as how banks take deposits, keep about 10% in reserve, and lend the remaining 90%. This system allows banks to multiply money in the economy, but it also means that if everyone tried to withdraw their money simultaneously, the banks wouldn't have enough to cover all the withdrawals.

💡Credit card debt

Credit card debt refers to the money owed to a bank for purchases made on a credit card that aren't paid off in full by the due date. The video highlights how banks encourage customers to either pay only the minimum balance or finance their bills, leading to the accumulation of high-interest debt. This is one of the primary ways banks make money from deficit agents.

💡Inflation

Inflation is the gradual increase in prices over time, which reduces the purchasing power of money. The video warns that leaving money in a checking account leads to a loss of value due to inflation, as the same amount of money buys less in the future than it does today. It encourages investing instead of letting money sit idle to counteract inflation.

💡CDI (Interbank Deposit Certificate)

The CDI is a reference interest rate used in Brazil, representing the average rate of overnight loans between banks. In the video, the CDI is mentioned as a benchmark for investment returns in products like CDBs. It fluctuates with changes in the national interest rate, and investments tied to the CDI offer returns based on this rate.

💡CDB (Bank Deposit Certificate)

CDBs are investment products where individuals lend money to banks and receive interest in return. In the video, CDBs are presented as a safer alternative to leaving money in a checking account, as they offer a return (albeit small) on the deposited funds. However, the banks then lend this money at much higher interest rates, earning a profit from the spread.

💡Spread

The spread is the difference between the interest rate that banks pay to those who lend them money (like CDB holders) and the rate they charge borrowers (like credit card users or loan takers). The video explains how banks profit from this difference, paying surplus agents a low rate (e.g., 1% per month) while charging deficit agents much higher rates (e.g., 9% per month).

💡Reserve of emergency

A reserve of emergency is a financial safety net made up of easily accessible savings, typically kept in low-risk investments. The video mentions the speaker's preference for using CDBs as part of their emergency reserve, ensuring that their money is available in case of unexpected expenses while still earning a modest return.

💡Dividend-paying stocks

Dividend-paying stocks refer to shares in companies that regularly distribute a portion of their profits to shareholders. The video suggests that investing in stocks, particularly of banks, can be a way to earn dividends, providing a long-term growth opportunity. The speaker highlights that owning shares in banks can allow individuals to profit from the same institutions that charge others high-interest rates.

Highlights

Banks profit from customers getting into debt, not just in Brazil but globally, through loans and interest rates.

Credit card companies often suggest partial payments or minimum payments, leading to high-interest debt for customers.

Taking loans, using overdrafts, and making bad financial decisions like capitalization bonds are harmful to personal finances.

There are two economic agents: deficit agents (spend more than they earn) and surplus agents (spend less than they earn).

Surplus agents invest or save money, while deficit agents fall into debt with banks.

Leaving money in a checking account without investing it results in loss of purchasing power due to inflation.

Banks operate on a fractional reserve system, where only a fraction of deposited money is kept on hand while the rest is loaned out.

The same deposited money can be loaned out multiple times, creating a multiplication effect in the financial system.

If everyone tried to withdraw money from banks at once, the bank wouldn’t have enough physical cash to fulfill all requests.

Investing in products like CDBs (Bank Certificates of Deposit) yields returns tied to rates like CDI, but the bank lends the same money at much higher interest rates.

Banks profit from the spread, which is the difference between what they pay investors (e.g., 1%) and what they charge borrowers (e.g., 9%).

It's better to earn interest as a surplus agent with investments than to pay high-interest loans as a deficit agent.

Although banks profit heavily, they remain essential since people are unlikely to store money outside the banking system.

Holding shares in banks, particularly those that pay dividends, allows individuals to participate in the bank’s profits.

Investing in stocks of major banks can offer higher long-term returns than fixed-income products, though with more risk.