Bad Medicine? Drugs in the water
Summary
TLDRThe script discusses the presence of pharmaceutical drugs in water sources due to human excretion. It highlights the concern that these drugs, even at low concentrations, can be harmful to aquatic life and potentially human health. Analytical chemistry tools like chromatography and mass spectrometry are used to detect drugs in water. The script suggests using activated carbon filters and considering alternative drug delivery methods like patches to reduce environmental impact. It also emphasizes the importance of efficient wastewater treatment to minimize pharmaceuticals entering the environment.
Takeaways
- 💊 Medications taken by humans are not fully absorbed by the body and are excreted, contributing to the presence of drugs in water bodies.
- 🌊 Drugs can enter lakes and rivers, potentially cycling back into our water supply through faucets.
- 🔍 The concern arises because pharmaceuticals are designed to be biologically active even at low concentrations, which can be more concerning for aquatic life and human health than some industrial chemicals.
- 🧪 Analytical chemistry techniques like chromatography and mass spectrometry are used to detect pharmaceuticals in water at very low levels.
- 🚰 Consumers can use activated carbon filters to reduce drug levels in tap water, but there are other considerations such as filter maintenance.
- 🚫 The speaker does not recommend bottled water as a solution due to the environmental impact and suggests looking for bottled water sourced from regulated tap water.
- 💡 Changing drug delivery methods, such as using patches, could reduce the amount of drugs entering the environment.
- 🔬 The speaker's lab is researching wastewater treatment environments to improve pharmaceutical removal without increasing the energy input or carbon footprint.
- 🌱 The goal is to remove pharmaceuticals from the environment before they reach drinking water treatment plants.
- 💧 Even with above-average precipitation, the issue of drugs in water is still a concern that needs ongoing attention and research.
Q & A
药物在水体中的存在是如何被检测出来的?
-药物在水体中的存在是通过使用分析化学仪器,如色谱法和质谱法来检测的,这些技术可以非常清晰和自信地检测到药物的种类以及它们存在的水平。
消费者可以采取什么措施来去除水中的药物残留?
-消费者可以使用活性炭类型的本地过滤器来减少水中的药物残留,但需要注意的是,必须维护这些过滤器,因为还有其他风险与之相关。此外,推荐使用来自自来水源的瓶装水,这样的水源受到EPA和FDA的监管。
改变药物传递方式如何有助于减少对环境的影响?
-改变药物传递方式,例如使用贴片等技术,可以以比药丸更低的剂量将药物送入人体,这有助于减少进入环境的药物负荷。
实验室正在采取哪些措施来解决水中药物残留的问题?
-实验室正在研究废水中的药品,特别是那些在有氧存在但水平非常低的环境中,这些环境在药物去除方面与提供大量氧气的环境相当。通过减少废水处理厂的能源输入和碳足迹,同时获得与仅仅投入大量氧气的处理厂相同水平的药物去除效果,可以更环保地解决问题。
为什么水中的药物残留是一个值得关注的环境问题?
-水中的药物残留是值得关注的,因为药物被设计为在体内低水平时具有生物活性,因此即使是低浓度的药物也可能对水生生物或人类健康构成更大的关注。此外,药物残留可能对植物和水生动物构成威胁,并且通过饮用水对人类构成风险。
药物残留在水体中的风险分析目前处于什么状态?
-目前,我们知道药物残留存在于水中,并且可以检测到它们,但关于它们是否存在于可能对人类健康构成风险的水平上,风险分析仍在进行中。
气候变化和城市化如何影响水中药物残留的问题?
-气候变化和城市化可能会增加水体中药物残留的浓度,因为它们影响了水的循环和处理。例如,气候变化可能导致药物在水体中的降解速率变化,而城市化可能导致更多的药物通过废水进入水体。
药物残留在水体中的浓度受哪些因素影响?
-药物残留在水体中的浓度受到地区、季节、药物使用模式、污水处理效率以及是否发生了大流行病等因素的影响。例如,冬季由于上呼吸道感染的流行,抗生素的使用量增加,这会导致废水中这些化合物的浓度增加。
为什么说药物残留是新兴的环境污染物?
-药物残留被认为是新兴的环境污染物,因为它们在环境中的持久性和生物累积性,以及它们对生态系统和人类健康的潜在影响。这些化合物在环境中的设计是为了在低水平时具有生物活性,因此即使是低浓度也可能对水生生物或人类健康构成风险。
为什么说药物残留在饮用水中是一个全球性问题?
-药物残留在饮用水中是一个全球性问题,因为它们在世界各地的水体中都有被发现,包括在非洲、亚洲、欧洲和美洲。这些化合物的全球分布和它们对人类健康的潜在影响,使得它们成为一个需要国际关注和协作解决的问题。
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