Tetracycline Antibiotics
Summary
TLDRThis video provides an in-depth overview of tetracyclines, a class of broad-spectrum antibiotics. It explains their mechanism of action, which involves inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis by targeting the 30S ribosomal subunit. The video also covers bacteria susceptible to tetracyclines, such as those causing Lyme disease, pneumonia, and STDs, and discusses the conditions treated by tetracyclines like acne and community-acquired pneumonia. Additionally, it highlights important contraindications, especially for children and pregnant women, due to the risk of tetracycline-stained teeth.
Takeaways
- 💊 Tetracycline is a class of broad-spectrum antibiotics that inhibit bacterial protein synthesis.
- 🔬 Tetracyclines bind to the 30s ribosomal subunit of bacteria, blocking tRNA from delivering amino acids and acting as bacteriostatic agents.
- 📉 These antibiotics inhibit bacterial growth rather than killing bacteria outright.
- 🧬 Tetracyclines are effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, but have limited use against anaerobes.
- 🦠 Some of the bacteria tetracyclines treat include Borrelia (Lyme disease), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (pneumonia), Chlamydia trachomatis (STDs), and Helicobacter pylori.
- 🏥 Common conditions treated by tetracyclines include community-acquired pneumonia, acne, traveler’s diarrhea, brucellosis, Lyme disease, and certain STDs.
- 👶 Tetracyclines are contraindicated in children under 8-9 years old due to the risk of tetracycline-stained teeth, which can cause permanent discoloration.
- 🤰 Tetracyclines are also contraindicated in pregnant women for the same reason—risk of affecting teeth development in the fetus.
- 🌬 Tetracyclines are well absorbed when taken orally and are distributed to the lungs, liver, and kidneys.
- 🧪 An easy way to remember tetracycline's absorption is by associating the ribosome with a mouth, as they are easily absorbed when ingested.
Q & A
What are tetracyclines?
-Tetracyclines are a class of broad-spectrum antibiotics that act as bacterial protein synthesis inhibitors. They include tetracycline and other antibiotics with 'cycl' at the end of their names.
How do tetracyclines work?
-Tetracyclines work by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit of bacteria, blocking tRNA from bringing amino acids, which inhibits protein synthesis and stops bacterial growth. This makes tetracyclines bacteriostatic agents.
What bacterial diseases can tetracyclines treat?
-Tetracyclines can treat diseases such as Lyme disease, pneumonia (especially Mycoplasma pneumonia), chlamydia, STDs, brucellosis, traveler's diarrhea, acne, and community-acquired pneumonia.
What are the types of bacteria susceptible to tetracyclines?
-Tetracyclines are effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic bacteria, but they have limited effectiveness against anaerobic bacteria.
What is a common way to remember how tetracyclines are absorbed in the body?
-A helpful memory trick is to think of the ribosome as a 'mouth' that 'ingests' tetracyclines, emphasizing that they are well absorbed orally.
What are some specific bacterial species tetracyclines target?
-Tetracyclines are effective against Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (pneumonia), Chlamydia trachomatis (STDs), Rickettsia species, and Helicobacter pylori.
What are some contraindications for tetracycline use?
-Tetracyclines should not be used in children under 8-9 years old and pregnant women due to the risk of tetracycline-stained teeth. It is also relatively contraindicated for children under 13.
Why are tetracyclines contraindicated in young children and pregnant women?
-Tetracyclines can cause staining of the teeth, leading to a black band across the teeth during their development. This is why they are not recommended for children or pregnant women.
What is a bacteriostatic agent?
-A bacteriostatic agent inhibits the growth of bacteria but does not kill them outright. Tetracyclines are considered bacteriostatic because they stop protein synthesis, preventing bacterial proliferation.
Which specific tetracycline is often used to treat community-acquired pneumonia?
-Doxycycline, a type of tetracycline, is commonly used to treat community-acquired pneumonia.
Outlines
💊 Introduction to Tetracyclines
In this section, the speaker introduces the topic of tetracyclines, a class of broad-spectrum antibiotics. The video will cover how tetracyclines work, the types of bacteria susceptible to them, the diseases they treat, and the contraindications for their use. Tetracyclines inhibit bacterial protein synthesis and belong to a group of antibiotics that have 'cycl' at the end of their name.
🔬 Mechanism of Action: How Tetracyclines Work
This section explains the mechanism by which tetracyclines function. They bind to the 30S ribosomal subunit in prokaryotic cells, blocking tRNA from bringing amino acids to the ribosome, which inhibits bacterial growth. The antibiotics act as bacteriostatic agents, stopping bacteria from multiplying. Additionally, it describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomal subunits and provides a diagram illustrating the ribosome binding process.
🧬 Absorption and Distribution of Tetracyclines
Here, the speaker discusses how tetracyclines are absorbed and distributed within the body. These antibiotics are easily absorbed when taken orally and are widely distributed to organs such as the lungs, liver, and kidneys. A helpful memory trick is provided to recall their oral absorption by imagining the ribosome as a mouth ingesting the tetracycline.
🦠 Types of Bacteria and Diseases Treated by Tetracyclines
This section focuses on the bacterial species that are susceptible to tetracyclines and the diseases they can treat. Tetracyclines are effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria but have limited effectiveness against anaerobes. Examples of bacteria treated include those causing Lyme disease, pneumonia, and various sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). The conditions treated range from community-acquired pneumonia to acne, traveler’s diarrhea, and brucellosis.
🚫 Contraindications and Side Effects of Tetracyclines
The final section discusses the contraindications for tetracyclines, particularly in children and pregnant women. A significant side effect is tetracycline-stained teeth, which can result in dark bands on teeth when taken during tooth development. This is why the drug is contraindicated in children under 8 years old and relatively contraindicated for those under 13. It is also not prescribed for pregnant women due to the risk of staining the developing teeth of the fetus.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Tetracycline
💡30s ribosomal subunit
💡Bacteriostatic
💡Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
💡tRNA
💡Community-acquired pneumonia
💡Contraindications
💡Tetracycline-stained teeth
💡Broad-spectrum antibiotic
💡Lyme disease
Highlights
Tetracyclines are a class of broad-spectrum antibiotics that act as bacterial protein synthesis inhibitors.
Tetracyclines include antibiotics with 'cycl' at the end of their name, such as tetracycline, doxycycline, and others.
Tetracyclines work by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit, blocking tRNA binding and inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis.
Prokaryotic cells have 50S and 30S ribosomal subunits, while eukaryotic cells have 60S and 40S ribosomal subunits.
Tetracyclines act as bacteriostatic agents, meaning they inhibit the growth of bacteria rather than directly killing them.
Tetracyclines are well absorbed orally and are easily distributed throughout the body, including the lungs, liver, and kidneys.
Tetracyclines are effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative aerobes but have limited use against anaerobes.
Tetracyclines are used to treat bacterial species such as Borrelia (Lyme disease), Mycoplasma pneumonia, Chlamydia trachomatis, Rickettsia, and Helicobacter pylori.
Conditions treated with tetracyclines include community-acquired pneumonia, acne, traveler's diarrhea, brucellosis, Lyme disease, and certain STDs.
Doxycycline is commonly used to treat community-acquired pneumonia.
One of the major contraindications for tetracyclines is 'tetracycline-stained teeth,' which can occur during tooth development.
Tetracyclines should not be used in children under 8 or 9 years of age due to the risk of teeth staining.
Tetracyclines are also contraindicated in pregnant women due to the same risk of affecting teeth development in the fetus.
Tetracyclines are absorbed well when taken orally, making them a convenient treatment option.
Tetracyclines primarily target the lungs, liver, kidneys, and sputum as part of their distribution within the body.
Transcripts
hey everyone in this s I'm going to talk
to you guys about the class of
antibiotics known as tetracyclin I'm
also going to tell you guys about how
tetracyclin work what are some of the
bacteria that are susceptible to
tetracyclin what are some of the
bacterial diseases that tetracyclin can
be used to treat and I'll also tell you
guys about some of the contraindications
for using tetracyclines so what are
tetracyclin well tetracyclin are
actually a class of broadspectrum
antibiotics that act as bacterial
protein synthesis inhibitors now
tetracyclin are a group of antibiotics
which include something known as
tetracyclin as well as other antibiotics
with cycl at the end of their name so an
antibiotic with cycl at the end of its
name is a
tetracyclin so tetracyclin all have very
similar chemical structures as shown
here with a few different
modifications so how do tetracyclin
actually work what is their mechanism of
action well tetra actually operate by
binding two 30s ribosomal subunits now
procaryotic cells have a 50s and a 30s
ribosomal subunit whereas eukaryotic
cells have a 60s and a 40s ribosomal
subunit so these antibiotics Target
bacterial ribosomal subunits so 30s
ribosomal
subunits and by binding to the 30s
ribosomal subunit it actually blocks
TRNA binding so here is just a little uh
diagram of the
ribosome the tetracyclin actually binds
to the 30s ribosomal subunit as I
mentioned
before and this blocks TRNA from getting
to the 30s ribosomal sub subunit to
actually bring amino acids because again
remember guys trnas actually bring amino
acids to the ribosome so in blocking
this process it actually acts as a
bacteriostatic agent so it actually
inhibits the growth of bacteria now
tetracyclin are actually very easily
distributed within the body and they're
actually very well absorbed um orally
now an easy way to remember this is to
actually think about a ribosome as a
little mouth and you're
actually ingesting a tetracyclin so
that's an easy way to remember that
they're absorbed well Orly and
tetracyclin um are very well distributed
within the body they go to the lungs and
the sputum they go to the liver and they
also go to the kidney those are some of
the main targets of
tetracyclines so what do tetracyclin
actually treat well tetracyclines are
actually very effective against gram
positive and gram negative aoes and they
are um they actually have very limited
use against Anor robes so now another
way again to remember this guys is that
again think about uh the ribosome as a
mouth and you are actually breathing in
oxygen so that's a a silly way to
remember but I find that it actually
helps remember that
um tetracyclin are good against aob but
not good against Anor
robes so what are some of the bacterial
species that tetracyclin are effective
against well some of them include bellia
borrey that's the bacteria that is uh
the cause of Lyme disease it's also good
against micoplasma pneumonia a cause of
pneumonia chlamidia trachomatis it's
also good against um
STDs it's also good against rsia genus
of
bacteria as well as helicobactor poori
and some of the conditions that
tetracyclin actually are used to treat
uh such as a community acquired
pneumonia and uh for community acquired
pneumonia we typically use doxic cycl uh
some other conditions include acne
traveler's diarrhea
brucelosis Lyme disease and STDs as I
mentioned before so those are all
conditions that tet tetracyclin are
actually used to
treat now uh tetracyclin um
unfortunately have some
contraindications for their use and one
of the biggest ones is something known
as tetracyclin stained teeth now here's
a picture of an individual that has
tetrac Stained teeth you get a black um
band across the teeth and this occurs
during um teeth or to development and
that is why we do not use tetracyclin in
uh children it is an absolute Contra
contraindication in children under the
age of eight or nine years of age and
it's a relative contraindication with
children under the age of 13 and we also
do not use tetracyclin and pregnant
women for the same
reason anyways guys I hope you found
this video helpful if you did please
like And subscribe for more videos like
this one
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