Thomas Piketty gives the IEA's Ryan Bourne a lesson in debating

I Am Incorrigible
4 Jun 201509:30

Summary

TLDRLes prix des maisons en Angleterre augmentent rapidement, avec Londres et le sud-est en tête, mais la hausse touche toutes les régions. Cela met la Banque d'Angleterre sous pression pour intervenir. L'économiste Thomas Piketty, connu pour ses travaux sur l'inégalité des revenus, est interviewé. Il prédit une croissance des inégalités et suggère une taxe sur les très riches et une taxe mondiale sur la richesse. Des critiques ont été faites à son égard concernant la fiabilité de certaines de ses données, mais il défend la nécessité de plus de transparence sur la richesse.

Takeaways

  • 🏠 Les prix des maisons en Angleterre augmentent à un rythme record depuis quatre ans, avec Londres et le sud-est comme moteurs de cette hausse.
  • 📈 Les prix des maisons augmentent dans toutes les régions du Royaume-Uni, ce qui augmente la pression sur la Banque d'Angleterre pour intervenir dans le marché immobilier.
  • 💷 L'augmentation des prix des maisons est de 9,9% en moyenne au Royaume-Uni et de 18,7% à Londres, avec un prix moyen de 485 000 livres sterling.
  • 💼 Les économistes s'inquiètent que la hausse des prix des maisons, qui est plus élevée que l'augmentation des salaires, ne soit pas durable.
  • 📚 Thomas Piketty, économiste français, est préoccupé par l'écart de richesse croissante et la hausse de l'inégalité, avec une formule clé 'r > g' qui prédit un avenir sombre si rien n'est fait.
  • 🌍 Piketty propose un impôt mondial sur la richesse et une plus grande transparence sur la richesse pour prévenir une inégalité exacerbée.
  • 🤔 Des critiques suggèrent que certaines des données utilisées par Piketty sont contestables, remettant en question certaines de ses conclusions.
  • 💼 Des économistes et des institutions comme le Financial Times et l'Institut of Economic Affairs débattent de la pertinence des conclusions de Piketty et des politiques qu'il préconise.
  • 💭 L'argumentaire autour de l'inégalité et de la richesse est complexe, avec des opinions divergentes sur la manière dont elle affecte la croissance économique et la société.
  • 🏦 Des discussions sont en cours pour déterminer les politiques qui pourraient être mises en place pour atténuer l'inégalité et protéger la stabilité du système financier britannique.

Q & A

  • Quels sont les taux d'augmentation des prix des maisons au Royaume-Uni?

    -Les prix des maisons augmentent rapidement, avec une hausse moyenne de 9,9% au Royaume-Uni, et 18,7% à Londres.

  • Pourquoi les prix des maisons augmentent-ils si rapidement?

    -Les prix des maisons augmentent rapidement en raison de la demande élevée et de la faible offre, ce qui crée une pression sur les prix.

  • Quelle est l'impact de cette augmentation des prix sur les ménages?

    -Les ménages peuvent se sentir concernés car les augmentations des prix des maisons peuvent rendre les maisons moins accessibles pour les acheteurs potentiels et augmenter les inégalités.

  • Quelle est la position de la Banque d'Angleterre face à cette situation?

    -La Banque d'Angleterre est sous pression pour intervenir afin de ralentir la hausse des prix des maisons et éviter une bulle immobiliere.

  • Quelle est la contribution de Thomas Piketty à la compréhension de l'augmentation des inégalités économiques?

    -Thomas Piketty, un économiste français, a souligné que la croissance des retours sur le capital est souvent supérieure au taux de croissance économique, ce qui peut conduire à une augmentation des inégalités.

  • Quelles sont les solutions proposées par Piketty pour réduire les inégalités?

    -Piketty suggère une taxe sur les hauts revenus et une taxe mondiale sur la richesse, ainsi qu'une plus grande transparence sur la richesse des individus.

  • Quels sont les arguments contre les hautes taux d'imposition proposés par Piketty?

    -Certains économistes craignent que des taux d'imposition élevés sur les revenus élevés puissent avoir un impact négatif sur la croissance économique et ne soient pas efficaces pour réduire les inégalités.

  • Comment la transparence financière est-elle importante selon Piketty?

    -Piketty souligne l'importance de la transparence financière pour comprendre réellement la richesse des individus et pour permettre une répartition plus équitable de la richesse.

  • Quelle est la position de Ryan Bourne de l'Institut of Economic Affairs sur les inégalités?

    -Ryan Bourne considère que les inégalités ne sont pas nécessairement mauvaises et que l'amélioration des normes de vie absolues est plus importante que la distribution de la richesse.

  • Quels sont les défis pour mesurer la richesse des très riches?

    -Il est difficile de mesurer la richesse des très riches car ils peuvent cacher ou dissimuler leurs actifs, ce qui nécessite plus de transparence et de surveillance.

Outlines

00:00

🏠 Hauspreise in UK nehmen stark zu

Die Hauspreise in Großbritannien steigen zum schnellsten Tempo in fast vier Jahren. London und der Südosten sind die Haupttreiber, aber Preisanstiege sind jetzt in allen Regionen des Landes zu beobachten. Diese neuesten Zahlen erhöhen den Druck auf die Bank of England, Maßnahmen zu ergreifen, um die Dynamik des Immobilienmarktes zu reduzieren. Paul Masson, der Wirtschaftsredakteur, erklärt, dass die durchschnittlichen Hauspreise in ganz Großbritannien im letzten Jahr um 9,9 Prozent gestiegen sind, wobei in London der Anstieg noch stärker mit 18,7 Prozent ist. Dies führt dazu, dass durchschnittliche Hauspreise in London nun bei 485.000 Pfund liegen, eine Steigerung von 90.000 Pfund im letzten Jahr. Dies führt zu einer Situation, in der Menschen sagen können, dass ihr Haus mehr verdient als sie selbst. Piketty, ein französischer Ökonom, hat in seinem Buch über die steigende Kluft der Reichtümer Sorgen geäußert und argumentiert, dass die Ungleichheit in der langen Zeit dazu führen wird, dass die Rate des Kapitalrendites höher ist als die Wachstumsrate der Wirtschaft, was bedeutet, dass durch das Besitzen von Vermögen mehr verdient werden kann als durch Arbeit oder Unternehmertum.

05:03

💼 Diskussion über Pikettys Thesen

Der zweite Absatz enthält eine Diskussion zwischen Piketty und Ryan Bourne von der Institute of Economic Affairs über Pikettys Thesen. Piketty verteidigt seine Idee einer 80-prozentigen Steuer für Einkommen über 500.000 Dollar, argumentierend, dass es sinnvoll ist, Managern, die mehr als 10 Millionen Dollar verdienen, nicht mehr zu bezahlen, da dies keine zusätzliche Leistung im Datensatz zeigt. Bourne kritisiert Pikettys Thesen und verweist auf historische Daten, die zeigen, dass hohe Steuersätze in den 1970er Jahren in Großbritannien nicht zu einer produktiven und egalitären Gesellschaft geführt haben, sondern zu einem Rückgang der industriellen Beziehungen und der Leistung im Vergleich zu anderen europäischen Ländern. Bourne betont, dass es wichtig ist, über die Gründe zu sprechen, warum Ungleichheit schlecht ist, und dass es eine seltsame Ablenkung ist, sich auf die Verteilung von Reichtum oder Einkommen zu konzentrieren, wenn es eine enorme Verbesserung der absoluten Lebensstandards für alle Menschen auf der Welt gab. Piketty argumentiert, dass extreme Ungleichheit das Wachstum behindern und zu einer dauerhaften Kluft führen kann, was schlecht für das Wachstum sein kann, da es zu einer geringeren Mobilität führt. Die Diskussion zeigt die verschiedenen Perspektiven auf die Frage der Ungleichheit und ihre Auswirkungen auf die Gesellschaft.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡prix des maisons

Les prix des maisons sont le principal sujet de la vidéo, montrant une augmentation rapide au Royaume-Uni, en particulier à Londres et dans le sud-est. Cela soulève des préoccupations sur l'accessibilité du marché immobilier et les effets sur l'économie, comme mentionné dans le script : 'our house prices are rising at their fastest rate for nearly four years'.

💡taux de retour du capital

Le taux de retour du capital est un concept clé abordé par l'économiste Thomas Piketty, qui soutient que ce taux est souvent plus élevé que le taux de croissance économique, ce qui peut conduire à une augmentation des inégalités. Dans le script, cela est illustré par l'exemple : 'the rate of return to capital is higher than the economy's growth rate'.

💡inégalité des revenus

L'inégalité des revenus est un thème central de la vidéo, avec une discussion sur la façon dont les prix des maisons augmentent plus rapidement que les salaires, ce qui peut exacerber les inégalités. L'inégalité est abordée dans le contexte de la hausse des prix des maisons : 'wages are not rising... what do the authorities intend to do about well'.

💡économies d'économies

Les économies d'économies sont mentionnées pour souligner la différence entre les revenus des riches et des pauvres, et comment cela peut affecter la stabilité économique à long terme. L'exemple donné dans le script est : 'the rich owned about five times the income of the world'.

💡taxation

La taxation est discutée comme un moyen potentiel de réguler les inégalités et de réduire la croissance des inégalités de richesse. Le script mentionne des propositions comme : 'an 80 percent tax on high earners' et 'a global wealth tax'.

💡transparence fiscale

La transparence fiscale est un sujet abordé par Piketty, qui suggère qu'il y a un manque de transparence sur la richesse des individus, ce qui rend difficile de taxer efficacement les très riches. Le script mentionne : 'why don't we know how much wealth of the rich have'.

💡théorie de Piketty

La théorie de Piketty est au cœur de la discussion, avec son livre qui prédit une augmentation des inégalités si les taux de retour du capital restent élevés. Le script fait référence à sa formule : 'ah, is greater than G'.

💡crise économique

La crise économique est implicite dans la discussion des inégalités et de la hausse des prix des maisons, soulignant les risques pour la stabilité financière. Le script mentionne : 'it could damage the British financial system'.

💡politique monétaire

La politique monétaire est mentionnée en relation avec la pression sur la Banque d'Angleterre pour intervenir sur le marché immobilier. Le script indique : 'the pressure on the Bank of England to do something'.

💡innovation et croissance

L'innovation et la croissance sont discutées dans le contexte de l'impact de l'inégalité sur l'économie, avec une discussion sur la façon dont une certaine mesure d'inégalité peut être bénéfique pour l'innovation et la croissance. Le script mentionne : 'inequality is not bad per se it's actually useful up to a point not to have inequalities for us to get our innovation to us with growth'.

Highlights

House prices in the UK are rising at their fastest rate in nearly four years.

London and the southeast are leading the way in house price increases.

House prices are now increasing across all areas of the UK.

The latest figures may prompt the Bank of England to intervene in the housing market.

House prices rose on average by 9.9% across Britain in the last year.

In London, house prices increased by 18.7%, with the average price now at £485,000.

The disparity between house price increases and wage growth is a concern.

The Financial Policy Committee is tasked with addressing the housing market situation.

Some members of the committee are worried about the sustainability of the current housing market.

Thomas Piketty's economic theories are discussed in relation to wealth inequality.

Piketty's formula 'r > g' suggests that the rate of return on capital exceeds economic growth.

Wealth inequality has been rising and is a significant issue, according to Piketty.

Piketty proposes an 80% tax on high earners and a global wealth tax to address inequality.

Transparency in wealth reporting is advocated by Piketty to better understand inequality.

Critics argue that high tax rates can have negative effects on growth and productivity.

The historical context of wealth and income distribution is debated in the discussion.

The role of poverty versus inequality in affecting living standards is examined.

The potential for extreme inequality to lead to social unrest is considered.

The debate over the practical applications of Piketty's theories in policy is highlighted.

Transcripts

play00:11

our house prices are rising at their

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fastest rate for nearly four years

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London and the southeast are leading the

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way but house prices are now going up in

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all areas of the UK these latest figures

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will ratchet up the pressure on the Bank

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of England to do something to take the

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steam out of the housing market our

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economics editor Paul Masson is here

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well if you happen to own a house it

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sounds quite good news but should we be

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worried paying for it ultimately is the

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problem house prices rose on average

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across Britain in the last year by nine

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point nine percent that's high but it's

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probably manageable in London it's

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eighteen point seven percent just to

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translate that into real figures the

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average house price in London is now a

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staggering 485 thousand pounds but that

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price has risen by ninety thousand in

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the last year so what you're getting is

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that people can legitimately say hey my

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house is earning more than I am and when

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economists and you can only journalists

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hear people saying that they know what

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they're seeing it's a bubble it's not

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sustainable because wages are not rising

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inflation is very low so what do the

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authorities intend to do about well

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there's a committee that's charged with

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sorting this out the financial policy

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committee and it's been meeting today

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some members on it we find out what it

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decides next week some members on on it

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are very worried about the

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sustainability of this and think it

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could damage the British financial

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system but as it happens the whole my

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house is earning more than I am thing is

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an amazingly accurate illustration of

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one of the key themes of the most

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popular economics book of our time a

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Thomas Piketty the French economist had

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produced this book very worried about

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that the rising wealth gap and we met

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him today when it comes to British

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summers we've always been to nations the

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rich do one thing the poor sometimes do

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another now one economist says the gap

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is growing and it will all end badly

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Thomas Piketty has thrown a theoretical

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molotov rich into the economics world

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he believes inequality is set to rocket

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in one simple formula he's predicted

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doom Thomas Piketty this is your formula

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ah

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is greater than G what does it mean well

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this means that you know there is a

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tendency in the long run for the rate of

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return to capital to be higher than the

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economy's growth rate or in other words

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you can make more money by owning things

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than you can by working or starting a

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business the world according to Piketty

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looks like this before the First World

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War

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the rich owned about five times the

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income of the world then inequality

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dropped reaching a low in the 1950s and

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60s

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it's climbed back to above four times

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now and if things stay as they are by

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the end of this century will be back to

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levels of inequality not seen since the

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days of Oliver Twist to stop that

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biggity wants an 80 percent tax on high

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earners he wants a global wealth tax and

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all banks to share data with all

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governments about what we actually own

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why don't we know how much wealth of the

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rich have well we have you know there's

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truly total transparency about wealth

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and in a way you know it was easier to

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observe well you know one santiago's and

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it is today because also you know there

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was less attempt to dissimulate well so

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right now you know there are lots of

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crises like what do you mean

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well disabilities can be you know

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putting your money in a bank in

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Switzerland but not everybody agrees

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with Piketty last month the Financial

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Times in a front-page exclusive claimed

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he'd constructed some of his figures

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from thin air

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I was greater than G but if picket is

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formula is right this is not just about

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economics it Patel's a moment when

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inequality becomes so great that the

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poor have had enough and the social

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tensions of today look me

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back in the car well earlier I discussed

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inequality with Thomas Piketty himself

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and Ryan borne from the Institute of

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Economic Affairs I started by asking

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professor Piketty about his proposal for

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an 80 percent tax rate on incomes over

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five hundred thousand dollars you know

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80 percent tax rate would be a disaster

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if you were to impose it on everybody

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above 200 above one of two million about

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200,000 pounds of $200,000 but you know

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above 1 million or above 2 million you

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know these to recall evidence suggests

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that you know paying a manager of 10

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million instead of 1 or 50 instead of 10

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you know it's not that useful above a

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certain point you you just don't see in

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the data the extra managerial

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performance that you would like to see

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he's not talking about whacking the rich

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he's just talking about whacking the

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super rich what's wrong with that well

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there's lots of economic evidence and

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lots of counter economic evidence

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actually the high rates of high marginal

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tax rates on on high earnest actually

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has a negative effect on grace I know

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that some of your work suggests

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otherwise but other many other people

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have done work on this suggest I just

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finished it suggest that if you look at

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the history of the UK for example we had

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extraordinarily high tax rates in the

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1970s up to 98% on unearned capital

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income that time wasn't a sort of

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productive egalitarian paradise in the

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UK in fact it was associated with the

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period of worst industrial relations

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that we've had in the 20th century and

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actually a decline in our relative

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performance of the European countries so

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there's the you know it's potted history

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here look I'm saying that the reason the

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UK was not doing very well in the 60s

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and 70s had more to do in my view but

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you know we should have an open debate

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about this with the education system and

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the relatively low productivity of the

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labor force in the UK as compared to

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Germany as compared to France at that

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time and so you know I I don't think the

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top tax rate was the primary explanation

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for that and you know we've compared you

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know company by company you know when

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you pay managers ten million instead of

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one you know do you get extra

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performance and you know I'm sorry to

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tell you that you know you don't see it

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in the data you know if I was there

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the FT has said that some of your

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numbers have been constructed out of

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thin air this is wrong you know I have

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responded to that you know point by

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point you know I think they should not

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deny that you know inequality you know

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has been rising and it's not just the

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it's not just 50 it's the office for

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national statistics our main statistical

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body because if the ONS is right and if

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you look back at some of the other

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historical sources actually suggest that

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okay wealth inequality may have gone up

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a bit in the UK over the past forty

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years but it's not this huge sort of

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extrapolation to measure the wealth of

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the very rich why is that so difficult

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to do well because they tend to either

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you know they don't want to report it to

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a survey what we need is more

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transparency we can argue about the

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extent of wealth inequality but you'd

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admit would you that it matters it

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depend it depends actually and actually

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I think one of the weaknesses of

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Thomas's book which i think is a very

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interesting contribution to the debate

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it's that bars sort of saying oh there's

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democratic implications didn't really

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spell out why wealth inequality was

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necessarily a bad thing and I actually

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think this is all a bit of a sideshow if

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you look back at the history of the past

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200 years since we've sort of rolled out

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capitalist systems across the ball we've

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seen the most extraordinary improvement

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in the absolute living standards all

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other people all across the world and

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we're seeing this in in in China and

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India at the moment and global

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inequality if you if you take that

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measure is actually falling so I think

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we can get wrapped up in this a very

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static look at the distribution of

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wealth or the distribution of income at

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any one equality feels pretty rough up

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here at the bottom of the pile doesn't

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it but that's poverty you know poverty

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feels very rough

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I don't think inequality feels very

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rough per se I mean what's the causal

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mechanism by which inequality per se

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leads to poorer living standards I mean

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that's poverty that's not inequality

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you're perfectly right you know

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inequality is not bad per se it's

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actually useful up to a point not to

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have inequalities for us to get our

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innovation to us with growth and

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certainly the enormous improvement in

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the standards that we've seen over the

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past

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three you know I realize I'm some level

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of inequality my point is simply that

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you know when inequality gets too

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extreme then you know it becomes useless

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for grows it can it can even be bad for

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growth because it tends to lead to a

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large perpetuation of inequality over

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time and less mobility we were in

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Parliament yesterday I think you saw Ed

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Miliband among other people is he the

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man to translate your ideas into action

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given okay I'm not going to take

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position you know yeah you know again I

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see these issues are beyond left and

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right you know we talk a lot with the

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militant about this mansion tax issue

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and you know as I told you before you

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know to some extent this is a joint

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labour and conservative product and and

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you know I think both parties should be

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concerned about making it work more

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efficient under and again annual

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property tax I don't think they invited

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me but you know I'm I'm you know I'm a

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very polite person and I usually respond

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to to invitation

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ÉconomiePrix des maisonsInégalitéRoyaume-UniPikettyImpôtsPolitique financièreÉconomie immobilièreCrises financièresDynamique économique
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