Rizal in the Context of 19th Century Philippines (Cultural Development)

Summary

This discussion delves into the cultural developments in 19th-century Philippines that fueled Filipino nationalism. Highlighting the pivotal role of education, it underscores the influence of the Jesuits and their humanistic approach, emphasizing human dignity, justice, and equality. The experiences of Filipino students in Spain, where they encountered liberties absent in the Philippines, furthered their nationalistic sentiments. Additionally, the re-examination of Philippine history by the ilustrados revealed 300 years of Spanish rule that led to decline rather than progress, instilling pride and a distinct Filipino identity. Key figures like Jose Rizal were profoundly shaped by these cultural shifts, significantly contributing to the rise of Filipino nationalism.

Takeaways

• 📚 The cultural development in 19th century Philippines, particularly the emphasis on education, played a significant role in accelerating Filipino nationalism.
• 🎓 The rapid spread of higher education among middle and lower-middle class Filipinos, facilitated by institutions like the Ateneo de Municipal, contributed to the rise of Filipino nationalism.
• 👨‍🏫 The Jesuits, through their humanistic form of education emphasizing human dignity, justice, and equality, indirectly instilled a sense of nationalism in Filipino students like Jose Rizal.
• 🤔 The realization among educated Filipinos that the principles they learned in school were not reflected in their treatment by the Spanish colonizers sparked a desire for change.
• 🌍 The experiences of Filipino students in Spain, where they witnessed liberties and freedoms not present in the Philippines, further fueled their nationalist sentiments.
• 📈 The contrast between the perceived backwardness of Spain and the potential progress of the Philippines without Spanish rule was highlighted by the ilustrados, leading to a push for nationalism.
• 🏰 The study of Philippine history by the ilustrados revealed that 300 years of Spanish rule did not bring progress but rather decline, reinforcing the need for nationalism.
• 🧐 The Jesuits' unique approach to education, compared to other religious orders who were more suspicious of Filipino success, set the stage for the intellectual awakening of Filipino nationalism.
• 📖 Rizal's works, influenced by the cultural developments of his time, including his exposure to education and the ilustrado movement, became a cornerstone of Filipino nationalism.
• 🌟 The culmination of educational awakening, experiences abroad, and historical reflection created a powerful movement that propelled Filipino nationalism into the forefront of the 19th century.

Q & A

What was the main focus of cultural development in the 19th century Philippines?

The main focus of cultural development in the 19th century Philippines was education, particularly higher education that awakened the minds of Filipinos.

Who were the 'Illustrators' or 'Enlightened Ones' in the Philippine society during the Spanish occupation?

The 'Illustrators' or 'Enlightened Ones' were the educated class in Philippine society during the Spanish occupation, who played a significant role in accelerating Filipino nationalism.

How did the rapid spread of higher education among Filipinos contribute to Filipino nationalism?

The rapid spread of higher education among Filipinos contributed to Filipino nationalism by exposing them to ideas of human dignity, justice, and equality, which they then compared to the injustices and abuses they experienced under Spanish rule.

What role did the Jesuits play in the cultural development of the Philippines during the 19th century?

The Jesuits played a significant role in the cultural development of the Philippines by creating schools like Escuela Normal and Ateneo de Municipal, and instilling a sense of nationalism through their humanistic form of education.

What were the three principles of the humanistic form of education taught by the Jesuits?

The three principles of the humanistic form of education taught by the Jesuits were human dignity, justice, and equality of all men.

How did the experience of Filipino students in Spain influence their nationalism?

The experience of Filipino students in Spain influenced their nationalism by exposing them to liberties and freedoms that were absent in the Philippines, leading them to question the disparities and seek similar liberties back home.

What did Filipino students observe about Spain that made them question its governance over the Philippines?

Filipino students observed the backwardness of Spain compared to other European nations and its struggle to manage internal political problems, leading them to question Spain's ability to govern the Philippines effectively.

How did the interest in the Filipino past contribute to the acceleration of Filipino nationalism?

The interest in the Filipino past contributed to the acceleration of Filipino nationalism by instilling a sense of pride and national identity, as Filipinos realized that three centuries of Spanish rule did not lead to progress but rather decline.

What was the significance of Rizal's second book, 'The Morgan,' in the context of Filipino nationalism?

Rizal's second book, 'The Morgan,' was significant as it argued that Filipinos could have developed on their own before the coming of the Spaniards, challenging the notion that Spanish rule was necessary for progress.

What was the overall impact of cultural developments on Filipino nationalism during the 19th century?

The overall impact of cultural developments on Filipino nationalism during the 19th century was significant, as they awakened the minds of Filipinos, exposed them to new ideas, and instilled a sense of pride and identity, ultimately accelerating the movement towards nationalism.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Cultural Development and Filipino Nationalism

The paragraph discusses the role of cultural development in accelerating Filipino nationalism during the 19th century, particularly focusing on the impact of education. It introduces the 'Illustrators' or 'enlightened ones,' an educated class instrumental in the rise of Filipino nationalism. The paragraph also highlights the importance of higher education and the Jesuits' influence through their humanistic form of education, instilling principles of human dignity, justice, and equality. The Jesuits' role in creating educational institutions like the Ateneo de Municipal is noted, and the realization among students that Spanish rule did not align with these principles is emphasized.

05:03

🌍 Experience of Filipino Students in Spain

This section delves into how the experiences of Filipino students in Spain contributed to the rise of Filipino nationalism. It contrasts the liberties and freedoms they experienced in Spain with the injustices and abuses they witnessed under Spanish rule in the Philippines. The paragraph also touches on the students' observations of Spain's political struggles and backwardness compared to other European nations, which further fueled their desire for change and national pride. The unique perspective gained by Rizal and other ilustrados from their time abroad is highlighted as a catalyst for nationalistic thought.

10:03

🏛️ The Filipino Past and National Identity

The final paragraph emphasizes the significance of the Filipino past in shaping national identity and accelerating nationalism. It discusses how the study of Philippine history by the ilustrados revealed that Spanish rule did not bring progress but rather decline. The paragraph points out that this historical analysis instilled pride in being Filipino and contrasted Spanish and Filipino values. It also mentions Rizal's belief that the Philippines could have developed independently of Spanish influence, as evidenced by pre-colonial barangay societies. The paragraph concludes by summarizing the three cultural developments that collectively accelerated Filipino nationalism: education, the experience of students in Spain, and interest in the Filipino past.

Keywords

💡Cultural Development

Cultural development in the context of the video refers to the growth and evolution of Filipino society's cultural aspects, particularly in the 19th century. This development is seen as a catalyst for Filipino nationalism, as it fostered a sense of identity and pride among the people. The video emphasizes the role of education in cultural development, highlighting how it shaped the values and beliefs of the Filipinos, especially the educated class known as the 'Illustrators'.

💡Filipino Nationalism

Filipino nationalism is a central theme of the video, referring to the growing sentiment among Filipinos for self-determination and independence from Spanish rule. The video discusses how various cultural, economic, and political developments accelerated this nationalism, leading to a collective desire for a national identity separate from colonial influences.

💡Illustrators

The 'Illustrators' or 'Ilustrados' were a group of educated Filipinos during the Spanish occupation who played a significant role in the cultural development and the acceleration of Filipino nationalism. They were instrumental in the Propaganda Movement and included notable figures like Jose Rizal. The video highlights their influence as part of the educated class that sought to reform and uplift Filipino society.

💡Propaganda Movement

The Propaganda Movement was a peaceful effort by Filipino expatriates in Spain to promote political and social reforms in the Philippines during the late 19th century. The video mentions that many members of this movement were 'Illustrators,' and it was through their writings and advocacy that they aimed to raise awareness about the need for change in the Philippines.

💡Higher Education

Higher education, as discussed in the video, refers to college-level education that became more accessible to middle and lower-middle-class Filipinos in the latter half of the 19th century. This expansion of educational opportunities played a crucial role in accelerating Filipino nationalism by exposing students to new ideas and fostering critical thinking.

💡Humanistic Education

Humanistic education is a form of teaching that emphasizes the development of the whole person, focusing on values such as human dignity, justice, and equality. The video explains that the Jesuits, through their schools like Ateneo de Municipal, instilled these principles in their students, indirectly fostering a sense of nationalism among them as they questioned the discrepancies between the teachings and the realities of Spanish colonial rule.

💡Jesuits

The Jesuits were a Catholic religious order that had a significant impact on education in the Philippines during the Spanish era. The video notes their role in creating schools like the Escuela Normal and Ateneo de Municipal, which provided humanistic education and contributed to the awakening of Filipino nationalism among their students.

💡Spanish Occupation

Spanish Occupation refers to the period of Spanish colonial rule over the Philippines, which lasted for more than three centuries. The video discusses how the cultural, economic, and political developments during this time, including the spread of higher education and the experiences of Filipino students abroad, contributed to the rise of Filipino nationalism.

💡Ateneo de Manila

Ateneo de Manila, originally known as Ateneo de Municipal, is mentioned in the video as one of the premier schools established by the Jesuits. It played a pivotal role in the cultural development of the Philippines by providing humanistic education that shaped the minds of future nationalists, including Jose Rizal.

💡Interest in Filipino Past

The video discusses how an interest in the Filipino past, particularly the history before and during Spanish rule, helped to accelerate Filipino nationalism. By studying their history, Filipinos realized that Spanish rule did not bring progress but rather decline, which instilled a sense of pride and identity separate from Spanish influence.

Highlights

Cultural development, particularly education, played a crucial role in accelerating Filipino nationalism in the 19th century.

The 'Illustrators' or 'Enlightened Ones' were an educated class instrumental in the propagation of Filipino nationalism.

The 'Propaganda Movement' was largely driven by the Illustrados, including notable figures like Jose Rizal.

Higher education, especially in colleges and universities, was a catalyst for Filipino nationalism among the middle and lower-middle class.

Filipinos in schools learned about injustices and abuses by the Spanish, prompting a desire for change.

The Jesuits had a significant impact on Filipino nationalism through their humanistic approach to education.

The principles of human dignity, justice, and equality were central to the Jesuits' educational philosophy.

Jose Rizal, a student at Ateneo de Municipal, was influenced by the Jesuits' teachings on nationalism.

Other religious orders, in contrast to the Jesuits, were often suspicious of Filipinos' educational success.

Filipino students' experiences in Spain, where they witnessed liberties and freedoms, fueled their nationalism.

The realization of Spain's political and social backwardness compared to other European nations was an eye-opener for Filipino students.

Filipinos used their history to argue that Spanish rule did not bring progress but rather decline.

The study of Philippine history instilled pride and a sense of national identity among Filipinos.

Contrasting Spanish and Filipino values highlighted the negative impact of Spanish rule on the Philippines.

Three key cultural developments—education, experience of students in Spain, and interest in Filipino history—accelerated Filipino nationalism.

Jose Rizal was heavily influenced by the cultural developments of the 19th century, which in turn influenced his views on nationalism.

Transcripts

okay hello good day this will be the

continuation of our discussion on

rizal in the context of 19th century

philippines

now we already talked about the economic

and the political developments

we specifically talked about how those

two developments

accelerated filipino nationalism

so for today we will now talk about the

cultural development

and focus on how the cultural

development

accelerated filipino nationalism

but before all that we have to talk

about the background

now when we say cultural development the

main emphasis or the main focus here

is education now

a group of filipino educated class were

responsible

for this and they were known as the

illustrators

or the enlightened ones they were the

educated class in the philippine society

during spanish occupation

they were also instrumental in paving

the way for the creation of what we now

call as the

propaganda movement now the propaganda

movement

we'll talk about that later on but then

the propaganda movement

most of its members were illustratos if

not all of its members were illustratos

examples are jose rizal juan luna

antonio luna mariano ponce

so they were responsible for

accelerating filipino nationalism

in the 19th century now the rapid spread

of higher education

it must be noted among middle and lower

middle class filipinos

also accelerated filipino nationalism

when we look at the term higher

education

higher education actually refers to

college education

and in the latter half of the 19th

century filipinos were given the chance

to enroll

in college and in the various

universities

hence after enrolling as you all know in

our discussion in the economic

development

it was in the school wherein they

learned how

to do it was in school wherein they

learned

uh the different forms of injustices and

the different forms of abuses done by

the spaniards

and it is here where they realize that

something must be done

more on that later on now

who were the teachers of the filipinos

of course in general the teachers were

the friars

the dominicans the recollects the

franciscans

and particularly

one order of priests

an of priests that made a great impact

among

filipinos during that time were the

jesuits

now the jesuits were responsible for the

creation of two schools

escuela normal a school for teachers

future teachers and ateneo de municipal

ateneo de municipal is now known as

ateneo de manila

and it's one of the premier schools in

the country

hopefully norso will follow

now the jesuits instilled among filipino

students a sense of

nationalism through their what we call

as

humanistic form of education

humanistic form of education

and what do we mean by this

these are jesuits humanistic form of

education

it includes three principles human

dignity

justice and equality of all men

take note of those three human dignity

justice and equality of all men

now they inculcated these lessons

these principles in their subjects

in ateneo de municipal and remember jose

rizal was a student

in ateneo de municipal

after inculcating these

these principles the students then

realized that something was definitely

not right although one one

one might say that the uh the jesuits

did not

intentionally teach

the filipinos sense of nationalism

what the jesuits did was that they

indirectly

taught the filipinos a sense of

nationalism

through humanistic form of education

so when the filipinos learned about

these things

they started to question

for example human dignity justice

and equality of all men let's start with

human dignity

we started to question we are being

taught about human dignity

but how come just how come our dignity

is not being valued by the spaniards

they talk about justice but then

how come there is injustice

in the philippines the filipinos were

treated

uh or were continuously being abused

by the spaniards and then last equality

of all men

they realize that how come we're being

taught about this but then

we are not treated equally by the

spaniards in fact we are

looked upon as

inferior individuals

so all these three things that they

learned

in the classrooms they thought how come

this is not being applied

outside the classroom

so that was the start that was the start

of

their uh their mind no their minds were

starting to

think about why why is this not being

applied outside

they were now trying to think about ways

to apply this outside the classroom

so the jesuits were unlike other friars

who were educators but these other

friars

even if they're considered as educators

they did not do too much to educate the

filipino people

because they were jealous they became

jealous of the success

of the filipino people they did not want

to teach

us too much so instead of being proud of

the excellent performance of their

filipino students

most of the friars felt quite suspicious

with their success and invariably sought

to pull them down

instead of thinking that they're doing a

good job

in training the filipinos they were now

uh

they were now starting to doubt why

these filipinos are

getting good grades why these filipinos

are doing well in school

and they did not see the success of the

filipinos as their own success

to them it was something to worry about

so this was one of the reasons why rizal

in fact left the philippines so take

note of that

so the first one remember rapid spread

of higher education

and the role of the jesuits now we go on

the

the other factor we have experience of

filipino students

in spain so how did

the experience of filipino students in

spain accelerate

nationalism simple

after experiencing the liberties in

spain

after these filipino students

experienced freedom

in spain and after noticing how it was

different compared to the philippines

they were then able to to see

they were then able to realize that how

come we have these liberties in spain

but it's not being applied in the

philippines

aside from that they also saw the

backwardness of spain compared to other

european nations

they saw how spain was uh

was trying to how spain was having a

hard time

in dealing with the with the uh

with the different struggles

remember before in our discussion there

was a struggle between liberals and

conservatives

so spain was trying to manage those

things

but then they could not really do it

and that's why the filipino students saw

the backwardness of spain

compared to other european nations by

the way there's a typical

there's an error here this is how and so

how spain cannot manage their own

political

problems so the experience of the

filipino students in spain you have to

remember this

uh when we look at the experience of the

filipino students in spain you have to

remember one thing

and that's how their experience in spain

how they were able to relate it to their

experience in the philippines

in spain they experienced lots of

liberties freedom

etc etc they were not being abused

constantly so they thought if we

experience this freedom

and liberty in spain why can't we

experience the same thing

in the philippines and that's how

nationalism

accelerated as a result of their

experience in spain

and then we go to the last one interest

in the filipino

past so filipinos instilled in their

minds a sense of pride

and national identity they used

philippine history to prove that

three centuries of spanish rule did not

lead to any progress

only decline so when the filipinos

started to look into history they were

now

looking at how they can use history to

their advantage

now when they studied their history they

they found out and they realized that

300 years of spanish rule did not bring

anything

good to the philippines in fact it

brought bad things only

did not lead to any progress only

decline

rizal even averted that filipinos could

have developed on their own

before the coming of the spaniards this

was in his second book entitled the

morgan

so one important thing that we have to

remember is that

after studying their history the

filipinos

especially the illustrators were then

able to find out that they could have

still developed on their own

even without the coming of the spaniards

we already had

baranganic societies before so

this instilled in them a sense of pride

being filipinos contrasting spanish and

filipino values

because when they saw what the spaniards

did through

by by studying history they realized

that

there's nothing good to note

on what the spaniards did to them so

it instilled in them a pride a sense of

pride of being filipinos

so this was how uh the interest in the

filipino past

accelerated filipino nationalism

so lastly

we have to look into three these are

the three or in conclusion these are the

three

factors or developments cultural

developments

that accelerated filipino nationalism

the first one is that education

higher education awakened the minds of

the filipinos remember the jesuits

the jesuits were responsible for that

they were one of the

the individuals who were responsible for

spreading education through their

humanistic form of education

human dignity justice and equality of

all men

secondly the experience of filipino

students in spain

also accelerated filipino nationalism

as they were able to experience

liberties in spain which they did not

experience in the philippines and they

wanted those liberties in spain

to be experienced by the filipinos who

were left behind in the philippines

and then lastly the interest in the

filipino past

also led to acceleration of filipino

nationalism because once the filipinos

especially the illustrators got

interested

in history they found out for 300 years

that the spaniards didn't bring

anything good to the philippines

and they only brought decline rather

than

progress so all those things

combined all those cultural developments

combined of course

it accelerated the filipino nationalism

especially

especially on rizal

so rizal was heavily influenced by the

cultural developments during his time in

the 19th century

and these cultural developments

accelerated without a doubt

it accelerated filipino nationalism

so that will be all uh next

video will be on the religious

development

and then after that we'll talk about

results childhood years

so i will post an assignment later on

that will be for

the economic political and cultural

i might post it on our google classroom

and just keep posted just keep updated

and everyone please stay safe and stay

home

god bless you have a great day