Acids, Bases and Salts | Full Chapter | Class 10

Summary

This educational video script offers an in-depth exploration of acids, bases, and salts in chemistry. It introduces mnemonics for memorizing naturally occurring acids and bases, highlighting their properties and uses. The script explains the Arrhenius concept of acids as hydrogen ion donors and bases as hydroxide ion donors. It also covers the formation of salts through neutralization reactions and distinguishes between strong and weak acids and bases. Additionally, it touches on water of crystallization and the common names and uses of several important salts, making complex chemistry concepts accessible and engaging.

Takeaways

• 🍎 The mnemonic for remembering naturally occurring acids is 'FOOD PLUS ASSETS', where each letter stands for a fruit and its corresponding acid (e.g., T for Tamarind and Tartaric acid).
• 🔬 According to Arrhenius' concept, acids are substances that donate hydrogen ions, exemplified by hydrochloric acid which donates hydrogen ions.
• 📚 A personal trick for remembering famous acids is 'ABC Cannot Start Homework Properly', which stands for Acetic, Boric, Citric, Carbonic, Nitric, Sulfuric, Hydrochloric, and Phosphoric acids.
• 🧪 Bases, as per Arrhenius' concept, are substances that donate hydroxide ions, like sodium hydroxide which donates hydroxide ions.
• 🧩 The trick for remembering important bases involves metals plus hydroxide ions, such as those from Group 1 (e.g., Sodium hydroxide) and Group 2 elements (e.g., Calcium hydroxide).
• 💧 Salts are formed when acids and bases react, resulting in a neutralization reaction, as seen in the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide forming sodium chloride and water.
• 🐱 The mnemonic 'Cute Cat So Nice' helps remember important salts, which contain metal ions like chloride (e.g., Potassium chloride), carbonate (e.g., Calcium carbonate), sulfate (e.g., Magnesium sulfate), and nitrate (e.g., Sodium nitrate).
• 💪 Strong acids are those that completely ionize in water, releasing a maximum number of hydrogen ions, such as hydrochloric, sulfuric, and nitric acids.
• 🌡 Weak acids are those that do not completely ionize in water, like acetic acid which only ionizes up to 1.3 percent.
• 🏊‍♂️ Strong bases are those that completely ionize in water, releasing a maximum number of hydroxide ions, remembered by 'Baby Can Swim Properly' for Barium, Cesium, and Sodium hydroxide.
• 🌿 Weak bases are those that do not completely ionize in water, with examples like copper, iron, ammonia, lead, and zinc hydroxide.
• 🌟 Water of crystallization refers to the presence of water molecules in salts, such as in blue vitriol (copper sulfate pentahydrate), green vitriol (iron sulfate heptahydrate), and white vitriol (zinc sulfate heptahydrate).

Q & A

What is the mnemonic for remembering naturally occurring acids?

The mnemonic for naturally occurring acids is 'FOOD PLUS ASSETS' where T stands for Tamarind, D for Tartaric acid, O for Orange, C for Citric acid, A for Ant sting, M for Methanoic acid, S for Sour milk, L for Lactic acid, T for Tomato, O for Oxalic acid, V for Vinegar, and A for Acetic acid.

What does the acronym 'ABC cannot start homework properly' stand for in the context of learning acids?

In the context of learning acids, 'ABC cannot start homework properly' stands for Acetic acid, Boric acid, Citric acid, Carbonic acid, Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Hydrochloric acid, and Phosphoric acid, which are important acids studied in chemistry.

According to the Arrhenius concept, what are acids?

According to the Arrhenius concept, acids are substances that donate hydrogen ions.

What is the mnemonic for remembering important bases?

The mnemonic for remembering important bases is 'Metals plus Hydroxide ion always form bases', which includes Group 1 elements like Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Group 2 elements like Magnesium, Calcium, and Group 3 elements like Iron, Copper, Zinc.

What is the difference between strong and weak acids?

Strong acids are those that can completely dissociate or ionize in water and give a maximum number of hydrogen ions, while weak acids cannot completely dissociate and give a lower number of hydrogen ions in water.

What is the mnemonic for remembering strong acids?

The mnemonic for remembering strong acids is 'NOT SO HARD' where N stands for Nitric acid, HNO3, S for Sulfuric acid, H2SO4, H for Hydrochloric acid, HCl.

What is the mnemonic for remembering weak acids?

The mnemonic for remembering weak acids is 'TRAY FATHER CAN ALWAYS SPAR' where F stands for Formic acid, C for Carbonic acid, A for Acetic acid, P for Phosphoric acid.

What is the mnemonic for remembering strong bases?

The mnemonic for remembering strong bases is 'BABY CAN SWIM PROPERLY' where B stands for Barium hydroxide, C for Cesium hydroxide, Na for Sodium hydroxide, and K for Potassium hydroxide.

What is the mnemonic for remembering weak bases?

The mnemonic for remembering weak bases is 'CAN I ALWAYS LOVE ZEBRA' where C stands for Copper hydroxide, I for Iron hydroxide, A for Ammonia, L for Lead hydroxide, and Z for Zinc hydroxide.

How are salts formed according to the script?

Salts are formed when an acid and a base react together. The metal part of the base and the negative part of the acid combine to form a salt, while the hydroxide ion of the base and the hydrogen ion of the acid react to form water.

What are the common names and uses of the important salts mentioned in the script?

The important salts, their common names, and uses are: Sodium chloride (common salt) is used for seasoning, Calcium carbonate (limestone) is used in construction, Calcium sulfate (plaster of Paris) is used in the cement industry, Bicarbonate (baking soda) is used as a baking powder and in glass manufacturing, and Sodium carbonate (washing soda) is used as a detergent.

Outlines

00:00

🔬 Chemistry of Acids, Bases, and Salts

This paragraph introduces the chemistry of acids, bases, and salts. The speaker uses mnemonics to help remember naturally occurring acids, associating fruits with their corresponding acids (e.g., T for Tamarind and Tartaric Acid). The concept of acids as hydrogen ion donors is explained, with hydrochloric acid as an example. A personal trick for memorizing famous acids involves the phrase 'ABC cannot start homework properly,' where each letter represents a different acid. The importance of hydrogen ions as indicators of acids is emphasized. The paragraph also covers bases as hydroxide ion donors, with sodium hydroxide as an example, and uses a similar mnemonic for remembering important bases. The concept of salts as products of acid-base reactions is introduced, with the formation of sodium chloride from hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide as an example.

05:02

🧪 Understanding Strong and Weak Acids and Bases

The second paragraph delves into the distinction between strong and weak acids. Strong acids are those that completely ionize in water, releasing a high number of hydrogen ions, exemplified by hydrochloric acid. A mnemonic, 'Not so hard,' is used to remember important strong acids. Weak acids, which only partially ionize, are introduced with acetic acid as an example. Another mnemonic, 'Tray father can always spare,' helps remember weak acids. The concept is extended to bases, with strong bases being those that fully ionize to release hydroxide ions, and weak bases being those that do not fully ionize. Mnemonics 'Baby can swim properly' and 'Can I always love zebra' are provided for strong and weak bases, respectively. The paragraph also explains how to identify acids, bases, and salts based on their composition.

10:03

🌟 Applications and Properties of Salts

The final paragraph focuses on salts, their water of crystallization, and their uses. Water of crystallization is described as the presence of water molecules in salts, with examples such as blue vitriol (copper sulfate pentahydrate) and green vitriol (iron sulfate heptahydrate). The paragraph then lists common salts, their common names, and their uses in everyday life. Sodium chloride (common salt) is used for seasoning, calcium carbonate (limestone) in construction, calcium sulfate (plaster of Paris) in the cement industry, bicarbonate (baking soda) in baking and glass manufacturing, and sodium carbonate (washing soda) as a detergent. The speaker concludes by encouraging the audience to remember these important points about acids, bases, and salts.

Keywords

💡Naturally Occurring Acids

Naturally occurring acids are substances found in nature that can donate hydrogen ions. In the video, the instructor uses a mnemonic 'FOOD PLUS ASSETS' to remember various naturally occurring acids, such as tamarind (T), tartaric acid (D), orange (O), and others. This concept is crucial for understanding the types of acids that are present in everyday food items and their roles in biological processes.

💡Arrhenius Concept

The Arrhenius concept defines acids as substances that can donate hydrogen ions (H+) and bases as those that can donate hydroxide ions (OH-). This concept is foundational to the video's discussion on acids and bases, providing a framework for understanding their chemical properties and reactions.

💡Acetic Acid

Acetic acid is mentioned as an example of a weak acid that does not completely dissociate in water. It is part of the mnemonic 'ABC Cannot Start Homework Properly' used to remember a list of famous acids. Acetic acid is significant in the video because it illustrates the difference between strong and weak acids in terms of their ionization in water.

💡Bases

Bases, according to the Arrhenius concept, are substances that can donate hydroxide ions. The video uses the mnemonic 'Metals Plus Hydroxide Ion Always Form Bases' to list important bases, such as sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide. Bases are essential in understanding the chemistry of reactions that involve neutralization and the formation of salts.

💡Salts

Salts are formed when acids and bases react with each other. The video explains that salts contain metal ions from the base and anions from the acid, using the mnemonic 'Cute Cat So Nice' to remember common types of salts like chlorides and sulfates. Salts are a key concept in the video as they demonstrate the outcome of acid-base reactions.

💡Neutralization Reaction

A neutralization reaction is the process where an acid and a base react to form a salt and water. This concept is central to the video's explanation of how salts are formed, highlighting the interaction between hydrogen ions from acids and hydroxide ions from bases.

💡Strong Acids

Strong acids are those that completely dissociate in water, releasing a high concentration of hydrogen ions. The video uses 'NOT So Hard' as a mnemonic to remember strong acids like nitric, sulfuric, and hydrochloric acids. Understanding strong acids is important for grasping their reactivity and applications in various chemical processes.

💡Weak Acids

Weak acids are those that only partially dissociate in water, resulting in a lower concentration of hydrogen ions. The video uses 'TRAY Father Can Always Spare' to remember weak acids like formic, carbonic, and acetic acids. The concept of weak acids is important for understanding their behavior in solutions and their uses in chemistry.

💡Strong Bases

Strong bases are those that completely ionize in water, releasing a high concentration of hydroxide ions. The video uses 'Baby Can Swim Properly' to remember strong bases like barium, cesium, and sodium hydroxide. The concept of strong bases is crucial for understanding their role in chemical reactions and their properties.

💡Water of Crystallization

Water of crystallization refers to water molecules that are part of the crystal structure of a salt. The video mentions examples like blue vitriol (copper sulfate pentahydrate) and green vitriol (iron sulfate heptahydrate) to illustrate this concept. Understanding water of crystallization is important for identifying the composition and properties of certain salts.

💡Common Salts and Their Uses

The video lists common salts like sodium chloride (table salt), calcium carbonate (limestone), and sodium carbonate (washing soda), along with their uses in daily life and industry. This section is important for connecting the chemical concepts discussed in the video to their practical applications and familiar substances.

Highlights

Introduction to naturally occurring acids using the acronym FOODTACOVALA

Explanation of Arrhenius concept of acids as hydrogen ion donors

Mnemonic for memorizing famous acids: ABCCANSHPP

Emphasis on hydrogen ion as the best indicator of acids

Definition of bases according to Arrhenius concept as hydroxide ion donors

Method to learn important bases using metals plus hydroxide ion

Hydroxide ion identified as the best indicator of bases

Explanation of salts formation through acid-base neutralization reaction

Mnemonic for remembering important salts: CACS

Guidance on identifying acids, bases, and salts using their ion composition

Description of strong acids as completely ionizing in water

Mnemonic for strong acids: NOTSOH

Discussion on weak acids and their partial ionization in water

Mnemonic for weak acids: TRAYFATHERCAN

Introduction to strong bases and their complete ionization in water

Mnemonic for strong bases: BABYCAN

Explanation of weak bases and their partial ionization

Mnemonic for weak bases: CANIALLYOZ

Introduction to water of crystallization in salts

Examples of salts with water of crystallization: blue vitriol, green vitriol, white vitriol

Common names and uses of important salts: sodium chloride, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, bicarbonate, sodium carbonate

Transcripts

i will teach you full chapter of assets

and bases and 10 minutes using my

personal trades i give you guarantee

that you will not find all these tricks

and mnemonics in any soft or hard format

the first topic is naturally occurring

assets

well to learn all the naturally

occurring acids i always write

food plus assets then i teach the

personal trait

to try on cage angelim should learn to

open very actively

here t stands for tamarind this d stands

for tartaric acid o stands for orange

c stands for citric acid a stands for

ant sting

m stands for methanoic acid s stands for

soar milk l stands for lactic acid t

stands for tomato o stands for oxalic

acid v stands for vinegar and a stands

for acetic acid so the first one is the

fruit and the second one is the acid

present in eight thus using this trick

we can easily learn all the natural

occurring assets thus noted down the

list of food and assets found in them

now coming to the main topic

what are assets

well according to errinius concept those

substances which donate hydrogen ion are

called acids for example consider

hydrochloric

we know that hydrochloric can donate

hydrogen ion so we say that hydrochloric

is an asset

now how can we learn the list of famous

assets

well to learn this let me teach you my

personal trait i always say abc cannot

start homework properly here a stands

for acetic acid b stands for boric acid

c stands for citric acid

c stands for carbonic acid and stands

for nitric acid s stands for sulfuric

acid h stands for hydrochloric acid p

stands for phosphoric acid so this is

the list of all important acids which we

study in the chemistry

here let me teach you one important

point

remember that all these acids have

hydrogen ion

let me repeat it all these acids have

hydrogen ion

so hydrogen iron is the best indicator

of acid thus also noted down this

important list of acids

the second main topic is

what are bases

well according to arrhenius concept

those substances

which can donate hydro oxide ion are

called bases

for example consider sodium hydroxide

we know that sodium hydroxide can easily

donate hydroxide iron

so we say that sodium hydroxide is a

base

now how can we learn the list of

important bases

well i use my personal trick i always

write metals plus hydroxide ion always

form bases

for example consider group 1 elements

like sodium potassium rubidium consider

group 2 elements like magnesium calcium

and group 3 elements like iron copper

zinc

now with group 1 elements i write

hydroxide iron like sodium hydroxide

potassium hydroxide rubidium hydroxide

with group 2 elements i write

2-hydroxide ion like magnesium hydroxide

calcium hydroxide and with group 3

elements i also write 2-hydroxide ion

like iron hydroxide copper hydroxide

zinc hydroxide

so all these metals containing hydroxide

ions form important bases

thus this is the list of all important

bases

here let me teach you one important

point

remember that all the bases have

hydroxide ion let me repeat it all the

bases have hydroxide ion

so the hydroxide ion is the best

indicator of bases

thus noted down this important trick

now coming to the third topic what are

salts

well when acid plus bases react together

they form salt for example hydrogen

chloride plus sodium hydroxide react

together to form sodium chloride plus

water remember that here the metal part

of the base like sodium and the negative

part of acid-like chlorine they will

react together to form a salt like

sodium chloride

while the hydroxide ion of the base

and the hydrogen ion of the acid would

react together to form water

remember that this whole reaction is

known as neutralization reaction

now how can we remember the important

salts

well metal plus ions usually form salts

consider this cat i always say that cute

cat so nice

c stands for chloride iron like

potassium chloride c stands for

carbonate ions like calcium carbonate s

stands for sulfate iron like magnesium

sulfate and stands for nitrate iron like

sodium nitrate

so if metal contains chloride iron

carbonate iron sulfate iron or nitrate

iron they are usually the salts

so remember this important trick about

salts

also let me teach you one bonus question

how to identify assets bases and salts

well consider this list

now we know that assets contain hydrogen

iron based contain hydroxide iron and

salt contains metals plus ions

so this is acid this is base this is

salt this is also base and this is salt

just using this trick we can easily

identify assets bases and salts

now what are strong acids well strong

acids are those acids which can

completely dissociate our ionize in

water and give maximum number of

hydrogen ions

for example consider hydrochloric acid

plus water

we know that hydrochloric acid

completely ionizes into hydrogen ion

plus chlorine ion

so this is strong acid because it

completely ionizes into hydrogen ion

plus chlorine ion

now how can we remember important strong

acids well i always say not so hard this

n stands for nitric acid hno3 s stands

for sulfuric acid h2so4

h stands for hydrochloric acid hcl

now what about the weak acids

well

those acids which cannot completely

dissociate are ionized in water and give

lower number of hydrogen ions such as

are called weak acids

for example consider acetic acid when we

dissolve acetic acid and water

it partially dissociate in water or we

can say that it can only ionize up to

1.3 percent

so it doesn't ionize this completely in

the water that's why we call it as a

weak acid now how can we remember the

important list of weak acids

well i always use the tray father can

always spare

f stands for formic acid

c stands for carbonic acid a stands for

acetic acid p stands for phosphoric acid

so this is the list of weak acids

remember that we have already learned

about the concept of strong species and

weak species now we can easily learn

strong bases and weak bases

remember that strong bases are those

bases which can completely ionize in

water and give maximum number of hydro

oxide ion the trick to remember the list

of strong bases are

baby can swim properly

b stands for barium hydroxide

c stands for cesium hydroxide

stands for sodium hydroxide p stands for

potassium hydroxide so this is the list

of strong bases

on the other hand

those bases which cannot completely

dissociate are ionized in water

and give lower number of hydroxide ion

are called weak bases the trick to

remember the list of weak bases are

can i always love zebra

here

c stands for copper hydroxide i stands

for iron hydroxide s stands for ammonia

l stands for lead hydroxide and z stands

for zinc hydroxide

so this is the list of important weak

bases

so noted down these important points

remember that i will skip some very easy

topics like indicator ph skill

importance of ph skill which we have

already learned in primary school

now we will learn about water of

crystallization

well the presence of water molecules and

salt is called water of crystallization

for example like blue vitriol green

vitriol white vitriol

blue vitriol is copper sulphate which

contain five molecules of water green

vitriol is iron sulphate which contains

seven molecules of water

white vitriol is zinc sulphate which

also contains seven molecules of water

so remember that water of

crystallization is the salts which

contain molecules of water

lastly let me teach you some important

salts their name common name and uses

the first important salt is sodium

chloride the common name of sodium

chloride is common salt

in daily life we use sodium chloride for

seasoning purples and and different food

the second important salt is calcium

carbonate the common name of calcium

carbonate is limestone and it is used in

construction of building

the third important salt is calcium

sulphate the common name of calcium

sulphate is plaster of peres

it is used in cement industry

the fourth important salt is bicarbonate

the common name of high carbonate is

baking soda it is used as a baking

powder and it is also used in

manufacturing of glasses the last

important salt is sodium carbonate the

common name of sodium carbonate is

washing soda

and it is used as a detergent just noted

down this important list common names

and uses of salts i hope that you have

learned all about the acids bases and

salts