Sintesis Protein | Transkripsi & Translasi - Biologi
Summary
TLDRThis video script delves into the importance of protein in our diet and its role in the body. It explains the signs of protein deficiency and suggests consuming protein-rich foods like meat, eggs, and milk. The script also provides a detailed explanation of protein synthesis, including transcription and translation processes, and the role of DNA, RNA, and amino acids. It concludes by emphasizing the impact of protein quality in food on meeting our body's protein needs, suggesting that mood swings and fatigue could be signs of disrupted protein synthesis.
Takeaways
- π½οΈ A deficiency in protein intake can lead to feelings of fatigue, sluggishness, and irritability.
- π₯ Consuming protein-rich foods such as meat, eggs, and dairy is essential for maintaining a healthy body.
- 𧬠Proteins are made up of long chains of amino acids, which are synthesized based on genetic information carried by DNA.
- π¬ DNA is composed of nucleotides, each consisting of a nitrogenous base, deoxyribose sugar, and a phosphate group.
- π The nitrogenous bases in DNA pair up, with purines (adenine and guanine) pairing with pyrimidines (cytosine and thymine).
- π The sequence of three nitrogenous bases is known as a codon, which codes for an amino acid.
- π Protein synthesis occurs through a process involving DNA and RNA, with two main stages: transcription and translation.
- βοΈ Transcription is the first stage where a segment of DNA is copied into mRNA, which then travels to the ribosome in the cytoplasm.
- π Translation is the process of translating the mRNA code into a polypeptide chain, which forms the protein.
- π The translation process ends when a stop codon is reached, signaling the end of protein synthesis.
Q & A
What is one possible cause of feeling easily tired, sluggish, and anxious as mentioned in the script?
-One possible cause of feeling easily tired, sluggish, and anxious could be a protein deficiency in the body.
Why is it important for the body to consume enough protein?
-The body needs to consume enough protein because it is essential for various bodily functions, including the synthesis of proteins which are crucial for growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues.
What are some healthy food sources of protein mentioned in the script?
-Some healthy food sources of protein mentioned in the script are meat, eggs, and milk.
What is the basic structure of protein as described in the script?
-Proteins are described as long chains of amino acids that are synthesized based on genetic codes carried by DNA.
What is DNA and what is its role in protein synthesis as explained in the script?
-DNA is a genetic material composed of nucleotides, and it plays a crucial role in protein synthesis by providing the genetic code for the production of proteins.
What are the components of a nucleotide in DNA as per the script?
-A nucleotide in DNA is composed of a nitrogenous base, a sugar (deoxyribose), and a phosphate group.
What are the two types of nitrogenous bases found in DNA and what are they called?
-The two types of nitrogenous bases found in DNA are purines, which include adenine and guanine, and pyrimidines, which include cytosine and thymine.
What is a codon and how does it relate to protein synthesis?
-A codon is a sequence of three nitrogenous bases in DNA that codes for an amino acid, which is a building block of proteins.
What are the two main stages of protein synthesis as described in the script?
-The two main stages of protein synthesis are transcription and translation.
What happens during the transcription stage of protein synthesis?
-During transcription, a segment of DNA is copied into a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which carries the genetic information to the ribosome for protein synthesis.
What is the role of mRNA in the translation stage of protein synthesis?
-In the translation stage, mRNA carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome, where it is translated into a sequence of amino acids to form a polypeptide chain, which eventually folds into a functional protein.
Outlines
π₯ Understanding Protein Deficiency and Its Role in Health
The first paragraph discusses the signs of protein deficiency in the body, such as feeling weak, tired, and irritable. It emphasizes the importance of consuming adequate protein through a healthy diet, including foods like meat, eggs, and dairy. The paragraph then delves into the molecular biology of protein synthesis, explaining that proteins are made up of amino acids linked by genetic information in DNA. DNA is composed of nucleotides, which include nitrogenous bases, deoxyribose sugar, and phosphate groups. The nitrogenous bases pair up to form codons, which are the building blocks of amino acids. The paragraph outlines the two-step process of protein synthesis: transcription and translation, with transcription being the first step where DNA is copied into RNA, which then carries the genetic message to the ribosome for translation into a protein chain.
𧬠The Process of Protein Synthesis Explained
The second paragraph continues the explanation of protein synthesis by detailing the translation process. Translation is the step where the RNA message is used to build a polypeptide chain, which forms a protein. The paragraph breaks down translation into three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. During initiation, the first codon on the mRNA, the start codon (AUG), meets the ribosome. Elongation follows, where the codons on the mRNA are translated into amino acids, which are then linked together by tRNA to form a polypeptide chain. The process ends with termination, which occurs when a stop codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA) is reached, signaling the end of protein synthesis. The paragraph concludes by advising the consumption of animal proteins like meat, eggs, and milk to meet the body's protein needs and to avoid issues related to protein deficiency.
Mindmap
Keywords
π‘Protein
π‘Amino Acids
π‘DNA
π‘Nucleotides
π‘Purines and Pyrimidines
π‘Codon
π‘Protein Synthesis
π‘Transcription
π‘Translation
π‘Ribosomes
π‘Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Highlights
One of the causes of your condition could be a protein deficiency in your body.
Even if you eat a lot, the food you consume may lack protein.
Healthy foods that contain protein include meat, eggs, milk, and many others.
Proteins are chains of amino acids synthesized based on genetic codes carried by DNA.
DNA is a collection of genetic material where each molecule is called a nucleotide.
Each nucleotide in DNA consists of a nitrogenous base, deoxyribose sugar, and a phosphate group.
The nitrogenous bases in DNA always pair between purines and pyrimidines.
The sequence of three nitrogenous bases is called a codon, which is the material that composes amino acids.
Proteins can be formed in our bodies through a process called protein synthesis.
Protein synthesis involves the roles of DNA and RNA.
Protein synthesis consists of two stages: transcription and translation.
Transcription is the first stage in protein synthesis, involving the copying of a part of DNA.
RNA polymerase separates the DNA strand into two parts, moving from the terminator to the promoter.
Transcription has three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination.
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is formed during elongation, carrying the genetic code from DNA.
Translation is the second stage of protein synthesis, where mRNA carries the genetic code to the ribosome.
Translation involves translating the DNA code into a polypeptide chain that composes the protein.
The translation process also has three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination.
Protein synthesis is a process of forming proteins from DNA by RNA, consisting of transcription and translation.
The need for protein in our body is influenced by the quality of protein in food to meet protein requirements.
It is recommended to consume animal proteins like meat, eggs, and milk to ensure the protein is used for protein synthesis.
If you are often tired, irritable, or anxious, it could be due to a disturbance in the protein synthesis process in your body.
Transcripts
[Musik]
Ayo siapa yang Diantara Kalian mudah
lesu kemudian sering gelisah lalu kayak
orang galau gitu nah Apakah kamu tahu
Salah satu penyebab keadaan kamu
tersebut bisa seperti itu
Nah bisa jadi itu merupakan ciri-ciri
Tubuh kamu itu Kekurangan protein
Kok bisa Kekurangan protein ya nah jadi
walaupun kamu banyak makan tetapi
makanan yang kamu konsumsi itu tidak
mengandung protein Ya sama aja ya jadi
tubuh kita harus cukup mengonsumsi
protein Nah ada beberapa makanan sehat
yang mengandung protein seperti misalnya
ada daging telur susu dan banyak makanan
lainnya Oke kita masuk ke Protein apa
itu protein kita harus kenalan dulu
protein itu apa Nah sejatinya protein
ini merupakan rantai panjang asam amino
yang disintesis berdasarkan kode yang
dibawa oleh informasi genetik berupa DNA
Nah jadi kita harus kenal dulu apa itu
DNA DNA ini adalah kumpulan materi
genetik yang satuan molekulnya itu
disebut dengan nukleotida ingat
nukleotida nah jadi setiap nukleotida di
DNA ini terdiri atas basa nitrogen gula
deoksiribosa dan gugus fosfat
Nah jadi basa nitrogen DNA selalu
berpasangan antara kelompok Purin dan
kelompok pirimidin dimana kalau misalnya
gambar sapurin itu terdiri dari adenin
dan guanin sedangkan basa pirimidin itu
terdiri dari sitosin dan timin
Nah jadi urutan tiga macam basa nitrogen
itu disebut kodon dimana kodon ini
merupakan materi penyusun asam amino
Nah sekarang apakah kalian tahu kalau
misalnya protein itu ternyata dapat
terbentuk dalam tubuh kita melalui
proses yang namanya sintesis protein nah
Apa itu sintesis protein jadi sintesis
protein ini merupakan proses pembentukan
protein yang melibatkan peran DNA dan
RNA dimana tadi kan kita sudah tahu DNA
itu apa sekarang RNA ini adalah materi
genetik yang basa nitrogennya itu
terdiri dari
adenin guanin sitosin dan urasil
nah secara sederhana sintesis protein
ini terdiri dari dua tahap yaitu ada
tahap yang pertama tahap transkripsi dan
tahap yang kedua itu ada tahap translasi
nah Mari kita simak penjelasan lengkap
mengenai transkripsi terlebih dahulu Nah
jadi tahap pertama dalam sintesis
protein ini adalah transkripsi ya
dilihat dari namanya transkrip Yaitu
dapat diketahui bahwa proses ini terjadi
penyalinan sebagian DNA Nah kenapa harus
disalin Biar apa
Nah jadi seperti ini DNA itu terletak di
nukleus sedangkan Proses pembentukan
protein itu tadi berlangsung di ribosom
yang terletak di sitoplasma Nah jadi
jaraknya itu jauh sehingga DNA itu tidak
dapat bergerak sendiri menuju ribosom
sehingga DNA itu membutuhkan fasilisator
yaitu RNA jadi RNA ini ibaratnya
kembaran dari DNA kalau misalnya DNA gak
bisa datang ke ribosom ya dia membuat
cetakan yang berbentuk RNA untuk
menyuruhnya pergi ke ribosom Nah jadi
dalam proses transkripsi ini terdapat
promotor dan Terminator dimana Di dalam
nukleus RNA polimerase akan memisahkan
untaian DNA menjadi dua bagian dengan
cara bergerak dari Terminator ke
promotor Nah jadi pada transkripsi ini
terdapat tiga tahapan yang pertama itu
ada inisiasi yang kedua elusi dan yang
ketiga ada terminasi nah yang pertama
ketiga RNA polinerase sampai dipromotor
maka proses ini dinamakan dengan
inisiasi
selanjutnya RNA polimerase akan kembali
berjalan menuju ke Terminator dan akan
membentuk MrNa
nah Apa itu MrNa jadi MrNa ini adalah
Messenger RNA atau ya RNA pembawa pesan
nah pada proses ini dinamakan dengan
elongasi nah yang terakhir ketika RNA
polimerase dan MrNa telah sampai ke
Terminator maka proses transkripsi
selesai nah gimana Apakah kalian sudah
dapat gambaran mengenai transkripsi Nah
jadi setelah transkripsi masih ada satu
tahapan lagi dalam sintesis protein
yaitu translasi nah Apa itu translasi
dan bagaimana tahapannya Yuk kita simak
penjelasan berikut ini nah jadi
translasi ini ketika MrNa terbentuk maka
MrNa atau pembawa pesan ini bisa membawa
kode hasil salinan DNA ke ribosom
kira-kira kode apa ya yang dititipkan
DNA ke MrNa
Nah jadi MrNa ini membawa kumpulan dari
kodon-kodon DNA
Oke Setelah tiba di ribosom maka proses
translasi dapat dimulai nah jadi kita
harus tahu dulu translasi itu apa jadi
translasi ini merupakan proses
penerjemahan kode DNA sehingga
menghasilkan rantai polipeptida penyusun
protein
Oke jadi pada tahap translasi ini juga
terdapat tiga tahapan yang pertama ada
inisiasi yang kedua elongasi dan yang
ketiga juga ada terminasi nah jadi
Tahapan pertama translasi ini Pada
tahapan ini Kodam pertama MrNa yang
bertemu dengan ribosom disebut dengan
kodon start Nah jadi kodon start ini
adalah aog Nah jadi setelah tahapan
inisiasi ini selesai lanjutlah ke
tahapan elongasi di mana Pada tahapan
ini kodon yang dibawa oleh MrNa ini akan
diterjemahkan menjadi asam amino
nah kemudian setelah itu masing-masing
asam amino akan digabungkan Oleh trna
yang membawa asam amino untuk disusun
menjadi protein nah dimana gabungan dari
asam amino tersebut akan membentuk
rantai polipeptida Nah setelah membentuk
rantai polipeptida maka proses elongasi
ini akan selesai lanjut ke proses
terminasi Nah jadi proses translasi
berakhir ketika salah satu kodon stop
bertemu dengan ribosom nah apa-apa saja
kode stop jadi code stop itu contohnya
ada uaa uag dan Uga nah gimana sekarang
kalian sudah tahu kan mengenai bagaimana
sintesis protein jadi secara singkat
sintesis protein ini merupakan proses
pembentukan protein dari DNA oleh RNA
yang tahapannya terdiri dari transkripsi
dan translasi berarti ingat aja kalau
misalnya tahap transkripsi berarti DNA
mencetak RNA untuk menuju ribosom
kemudian kalau tahap inisiasi berarti
dari RNA menjadi protein atau rantai
polipeptida atau asam amino
Nah jadi Setelah mempelajari sintesis
protein kita dapat tahu bagaimana proses
perubahan gen dari DNA sampai menjadi
protein Nah jadi kebutuhan protein dalam
tubuh kita itu dipengaruhi oleh kualitas
protein yang ada di makanan untuk
memenuhi kebutuhan protein tersebut
kalian dianjurkan untuk mengkonsumsi
protein hewani seperti daging telur susu
mungkin selama ini kalian udah makan
banyak tapi belum tentu makanan yang
kalian konsumsi itu mengandung protein
yang digunakan untuk sintesis protein
Jadi jika kalian mudah lesu gelisah atau
galau itu mungkin proses yang protein
yang ada di tubuh kalian itu lagi
terganggu
Nah jadi inilah penjelasan singkat
mengenai sintesis protein semoga
bermanfaat Assalamualaikum
warahmatullahi wabarakatuh
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