konjungsi temporal || Kaidah Kebahasaan dalam TEKS CERITA SEJARAH

Summary

In this video, the speaker explains how sentences can become ambiguous without proper conjunctions, using examples like 'I eat, Dad leaves.' The speaker highlights the importance of conjunctions (connecting words) to make sentences clearer, such as by adding 'when' to the sentence, making it 'I eat when Dad leaves.' The speaker goes on to define conjunctions, explaining their types and functions, from connecting words, phrases, clauses, to paragraphs. The video also delves into specific types of conjunctions like additive, causal, temporal, and others, emphasizing their role in sentence structure and clarity.

Takeaways

• 📖 The speaker introduces the concept of ambiguous sentences using examples like 'Saya makan Ayah pergi', highlighting how the meaning becomes unclear.
• 🧠 Ambiguity arises when a sentence has multiple subjects and predicates without clear conjunctions to link them.
• 🔗 The addition of conjunctions like 'ketika' ('when') clarifies the meaning by connecting subjects and predicates properly.
• 📚 Conjunctions (konjungsi) are defined as words that connect parts of a sentence, not meant to explain but to link words, phrases, clauses, or sentences.
• 🛠️ Conjunctions can appear at the beginning, middle, or even after punctuation marks in a sentence or paragraph.
• 📝 The primary function of conjunctions is to connect words with words, phrases with phrases, clauses with clauses, sentences with sentences, and paragraphs with paragraphs.
• 🔍 Conjunctions are categorized based on function, including additive, contrastive, disjunctive, causal, purposive, consequential, comparative, unconditional, explanatory, sequential, affirmative, restrictive, and situational.
• ⏳ Temporal conjunctions are used to describe time-related relationships between events, such as 'when', 'after', 'before', etc.
• ⏩ Temporal conjunctions divide into two groups: those connecting unequal clauses (subordinate) and those connecting equal clauses (coordinate).
• 🛠️ Examples of temporal conjunctions include 'while', 'when', 'after', 'before', and 'until', helping to organize events chronologically.

Q & A

What is the problem with the sentence 'Saya makan Ayah pergi'?

The sentence 'Saya makan Ayah pergi' is ambiguous and unclear because it contains two subjects ('saya' and 'ayah') and two predicates ('makan' and 'pergi') but lacks a connecting word to clarify the meaning.

How does adding the word 'ketika' change the meaning of the sentence?

Adding 'ketika' (when) changes the sentence to 'Saya makan ketika Ayah pergi,' making the meaning clearer by showing a temporal relationship between the two actions.

What is a conjunction (konjungsi) as described in the script?

A conjunction is a word that connects clauses, sentences, or phrases. It does not provide explanation but functions solely as a connector in sentences.

Where can conjunctions be placed in a sentence?

Conjunctions can be placed at the beginning of a sentence, in the middle of a sentence, or even at the start of a paragraph.

What are some functions of conjunctions?

Conjunctions connect words with words, phrases with phrases, clauses with clauses, sentences with sentences, and paragraphs with paragraphs.

What are the types of conjunctions based on their function?

Types of conjunctions include additive conjunctions, contrastive conjunctions, disjunctive (choice) conjunctions, causal conjunctions, purpose conjunctions, consequence conjunctions, comparative conjunctions, conditional conjunctions, explanatory conjunctions, sequential conjunctions, and temporal conjunctions.

What is a temporal conjunction?

A temporal conjunction links events or actions in terms of time, showing a chronological relationship between them.

Can you provide an example of how a temporal conjunction is used?

An example of a temporal conjunction is 'sebelum' (before) in the sentence 'Sebelum kelasnya mulai, Pak Guru meminta kami memperkenalkan diri' (Before the class started, the teacher asked us to introduce ourselves).

What is an example of a conjunction used between actions in sequence?

An example is the sentence 'Bersihkan luka pada kakimu kemudian oleskan obat' (Clean the wound on your leg, then apply medicine), where 'kemudian' (then) is the conjunction indicating sequence.

What is the difference between coordinating and subordinating conjunctions?

Coordinating conjunctions connect equal parts of a sentence, while subordinating conjunctions connect clauses where one depends on the other, such as 'sebelum' (before) or 'ketika' (when).

Outlines

00:00

📝 Introduction to Ambiguous Sentences

The first paragraph introduces a situation where sentences can become unclear or ambiguous. The speaker presents an example sentence, 'Saya makan Ayah pergi,' which is grammatically correct but confusing in meaning. The issue is that the sentence has two subjects (Saya and Ayah) and two predicates (makan and pergi) but lacks a conjunction to clarify the relationship between them. The sentence is improved by adding the conjunction 'ketika,' changing the meaning to 'Saya makan ketika Ayah pergi,' making the sentence clear and grammatically correct. This serves as an introduction to the lesson on conjunctions (konjungsi).

05:04

📚 Understanding Conjunctions and Their Functions

The second paragraph provides a detailed explanation of conjunctions (konjungsi). Conjunctions are defined as words that connect phrases, clauses, or sentences, making the meaning more cohesive. The paragraph explains the position of conjunctions in a sentence and their role, emphasizing that they do not explain the meaning of words but rather serve to connect different parts of speech or ideas. It outlines the various functions of conjunctions, such as linking words, phrases, clauses, and even paragraphs. The paragraph also categorizes conjunctions by their function, introducing several types, including additive, contrastive, disjunctive, causal, purpose, consequence, comparison, unconditional, explanatory, and more.

⏳ Temporal Conjunctions and Sentence Hierarchy

The third paragraph shifts focus to temporal conjunctions, which explain the relationship between time-based events. These conjunctions connect two events or clauses by indicating when something happened in relation to something else. Examples include 'sejak,' 'selama,' and 'ketika,' among others. Temporal conjunctions are crucial for establishing a chronological sequence in writing. The paragraph also distinguishes between coordinating and subordinating conjunctions, highlighting how some conjunctions connect sentences of unequal rank, making one clause dependent on the other.

Keywords

💡Ambiguity

Ambiguity refers to a situation where a sentence or phrase can be interpreted in multiple ways. In the video, the example 'Saya makan Ayah pergi' shows ambiguity because it can be confusing and lead to unclear meanings. The speaker emphasizes how this sentence, without proper conjunctions, can create confusion about who is doing what.

💡Conjunction

A conjunction is a word that connects clauses, sentences, or phrases. The video explains that adding a conjunction, such as 'ketika' (when), clarifies the meaning of ambiguous sentences like 'Saya makan ketika Ayah pergi,' making it more coherent. The video discusses various types of conjunctions and their roles in linking parts of a sentence.

💡Subjek (Subject)

The subject in a sentence is the person or thing performing the action. The video explains how the sentence 'Saya makan Ayah pergi' has two subjects ('Saya' and 'Ayah'), but without a conjunction, the sentence feels incomplete. It highlights how subjects must be properly connected to actions for clarity.

💡Predikat (Predicate)

The predicate is the part of the sentence that tells what the subject is doing. In the sentence 'Saya makan Ayah pergi,' 'makan' (eat) and 'pergi' (leave) are the predicates. The video explains how multiple predicates without proper conjunctions can cause ambiguity, emphasizing the need for clear sentence structure.

💡Conjunction of Time

A conjunction of time links actions or events based on their timing. The video uses 'ketika' (when) as an example to show how the meaning of a sentence changes when a time conjunction is introduced. It explains that this type of conjunction clarifies the sequence of events, ensuring the sentence makes sense.

💡Conjunction of Cause and Effect

Conjunctions of cause and effect link actions or events to their outcomes. The video mentions this type of conjunction to illustrate how certain words connect causes to their results. An example is 'karena' (because), which explains why something happens, helping provide logical flow in sentences.

💡Ambiguous Sentence

An ambiguous sentence is one that can be interpreted in more than one way. The video highlights the sentence 'Saya makan Ayah pergi' as an example of an ambiguous sentence because it lacks clarity without the appropriate conjunction. The lesson focuses on resolving ambiguity by adding conjunctions.

💡Conjunction of Contrast

Conjunctions of contrast connect two ideas that are opposites or conflicting. The video introduces this concept by mentioning 'tetapi' (but) as an example. These conjunctions help to show differences or contrasts between actions or events in a sentence, such as 'Saya makan tetapi Ayah pergi' (I eat but Father leaves).

💡Sentence Structure

Sentence structure refers to the arrangement of subjects, predicates, and conjunctions in a sentence to convey a clear meaning. The video emphasizes the importance of proper sentence structure, showing how disorganized elements lead to confusion and how the addition of conjunctions improves understanding.

💡Conjunction Types

Conjunction types include various forms such as additive, contrastive, causal, and temporal. The video goes through different types of conjunctions and explains how each serves a distinct purpose in sentence construction. For example, additive conjunctions like 'dan' (and) combine ideas, while causal conjunctions like 'karena' (because) explain reasons.

Highlights

Introduction to the material, starting with a warm-up example about ambiguous sentences.

Discussion of ambiguity in the sentence 'Saya makan Ayah pergi' and how it creates confusion.

Clarification that having two subjects and two predicates in a sentence may not be sufficient for clarity.

Explanation of how adding conjunctions, like 'ketika,' can clarify ambiguous sentences.

Introduction to conjunctions, defining them as words that connect clauses, sentences, or phrases.

Explanation of where conjunctions can appear: at the beginning, middle, or even after punctuation.

Reminder that conjunctions do not explain meaning but serve to connect parts of a sentence.

Functions of conjunctions: connecting words, phrases, clauses, sentences, and paragraphs.

Introduction to different types of conjunctions, beginning with additive conjunctions.

Overview of adversative conjunctions that express contrast or contradiction.

Explanation of disjunctive conjunctions that present alternatives or choices.

Introduction of causal conjunctions that indicate cause-effect relationships.

Introduction to conjunctive purpose (goal-based conjunctions) and conjunction of consequence.

Explanation of temporal conjunctions, which link events or actions based on time.

Discussion of subordinating conjunctions, which link unequal clauses or ideas.

Transcripts

Hai

[Musik]

kali ini gua akan menjelaskan tentang

materi yang berikutnya materi ini apa

sih ya oke sebelum kita masuk pada

materi kita ya kita sedikit Pemanasan

dulu ya Eh dengan contoh kalimat di

bawah ini ya di sini ada kalimat Saya

makan Ayah pergi ya ternyata kalau

disimak Dengarkan dengan baik ada

sedikit keanehan edar kalimat ini saya

makan Ayah perginya Saya makan Ayah

pergi jadi seolah-olah maknanya jadi

nggak jelas itu rancu ya bukit Bisa juga

hancur bisa juga jadi eh apa bermakna

ganda ya

ketika kamu ia menemukan sebuah kalimat

yang seperti ini ya ternyata ada sebuah

kalimat itu tidak hanya membutuhkan

subjek dan predikat saja karena di

kalimat ini di kalimat Saya makan Ayah

pergi Ini sebenarnya sudah ada subjek

atau s2 ada dua buah subjek ya subjek

saya dan ayah dan dua buah predikat

yaitu predikat makan dan pergi dengan

dua subjek dan dua predikat saja

ternyata tidak cukup menjadi sebuah

kalimat yang utuh ya karena pada

kenyataannya kalimat tersebut terasa

janggal ya Oke kalau kalimat itu Kalimat

yang ambigu ini ini diubah ya dengan

menambahkan kata ketika maka akan beda

maknanya Saya makan ketika Ayah pergi

Sayanya subjek makan predikat ketika

adalah konjungsi atau kata punya materi

kita ini

ayah subjek sedih predikat dengan dua

subjek dan 2P ikat digabung dengan kata

hubung yaitu konjungsi

Khan terlihat ya maknanya yang lebih

jelas ya oke atau bisanya kita ubah juga

jadi sayap akan tetapi ayah pergi ya

jadi Oke kita kenalan dulu ya sama si

konjungsi ini

apa itu konjungsi konjungsi

didefinisikan sebagai kata sambung atau

kata hubung dalam sebuah kalimat posisi

kalau konjungsi ini bisa diletakkan di

bagian awal kalimat ditengah kalimat

atau bisa juga di awal paragraf ya itu

konjungsi juga dapat digunakan sebagai

setelah tanda titik Setelah tanda tanya

ataupun setelah tanda jeruk tapi yang

jelas ya konjungsi tidak dapat digunakan

untuk menjelaskan suatu kata karena

peran konjungsi ini sebagai kata hubung

atau kata sambung bukan sebagai

memberikan penjelasannya jadi fungsinya

konjungsi ini tidak Menjelaskan arti ya

tapi lebih sebagai kata hubung

key lanjut lagi

apa saja fungsi konjungsi Tunjukkan

solusi ini ada beberapa fungsi konjungsi

yaitu yang pertama menghubungkan kata

dengan kata

menghubungkan frasa dengan frasa

menghubungkan Klausa dengan Klausa

menghubungkan kalimat dengan kalimat dan

menghubungkan paragraf dengan paragraf

Yes konjungsi ini juga ada jenisnya ya

jenisnya berdasarkan fungsinya ya dari

segi fungsinya konjungsi dapat dibagi

berdasarkan pengelompokan

begini pertama adanya ada konjungsi

adiktif atau konjungsi gabungan lalu

berikutnya adalah yang kedua konjungsi

pertentangan

yang ketiga ada konjungsi disjungtif

atau konjungsi pilihan ya Apa situ yang

keempat ada konjungsi kausalitas sehat

Hei yang kelima ada konjungsi Tab atau

konjungsi tujuannya Kids berikutnya yang

keenam adalah konjungsi akibat atau

konjungsi konsekutif a yang guru

jiwa.com jumsihat atau ghozi commission

ah ya ya ke-8 Ada konjungsi perbandingan

ya Berikut yang ke-9 adalah konjungsi

tak bersyarat key berikutnya itu 10

adalah konjungsi penjelas atau konjungsi

penetak ya berikutnya adalah konjungsi

urutan

sekarang yang ke-12

konjungsi pembenaran yang konjungsi

konsesif oke yang ke-13 konjungsi

penegasan atau konjungsi intensifikasi

ya itunya adalah konjungsi penanda ya

anekdotnya yang ke-15 adalah konjungsi

pembatasan

[Musik]

konjungsi yang ke-16 ya itu adalah

konjungsi situasinya konjungsi yang

terakhir serat Allah tunjuki waktu atau

konjungsi temporal ya konjungsi temporal

yaitu kata hubung yang bisa menerangkan

hubungan waktu dari dua hal atau

peristiwa yang berbeda key fakta dalam

konjungsi ini dia termasuk kata hubung

yang sangat erat karena berkaitan dengan

masa waktu Ya konstituen mulai mempunyai

fungsi yaitu untuk menjabarkan secara

kronologis dari suatu peristiwa atau

keadaan konjungsi terbagi menjadi dua

bagian yang yang pertama adalah

konjungsi untuk menghubungkan kalimat

tidak sederajat ya yang sederajat ya

yang seperti ini ya apabila

Hai Seraya bilamana hingga sementara

sejak selama ketika semenjak

bila sambil sebelum sampai dengan sedari

waktu setelah sesudah bila konjungsi

konjungsi yang menghubungkan kalimat

tidak sederajat sebelum kelasnya mulai

Pak Guru meminta kami memperkenalkan

diri jadi ini adalah contoh yang tidak

sederajat yang

[Musik]

sebelumnya sesudahnya kemudian

Selanjutnya ya Nah ini contoh kalimatnya

ya

bersihkan luka pada kakimu kemudian

oleskan buat yah jadi masuk sederajatnya

Bekasi kaitannya masih sama ya Oke Kasih

dengan jiwa dari kita hari ini ya kita

ketemu lagi ini designer dekatnya ya bye

sampai jumpa

[Musik]

hai hai

[Musik]