Discovering Tut the saga continues Class 11 Animation in English

Summary

The video script recounts the story of King Tutankhamun, the last pharaoh of Egypt's powerful 18th dynasty. His mysterious death and the subsequent discovery of his tomb by Howard Carter in 1922 have captivated the world. In 2005, a CT scan was conducted to uncover new clues about his life and death, amidst speculations of a curse. The script also delves into the historical context of Tut's reign, his family's legacy, and the evolution of archaeological practices, highlighting the shift from treasure hunting to a more scientific and respectful approach.

Takeaways

• 🔍 Tutankhamun was the last successor of a powerful Egyptian ruling family that had governed for centuries.
• 🕵️‍♂️ His tomb was discovered in 1922 by archaeologist Howard Carter, sparking interest in his mysterious death.
• 🏺 Tutankhamun was buried with an array of valuable items, including a gold mask and coffins, reflecting the wealth of the royals.
• 🌟 The tomb's condition was compromised due to Carter's methods in the 1920s, which involved cutting the mummy to remove treasures.
• 🔬 Modern archaeology focuses on understanding life and death through sophisticated tools like CT scans, shifting from treasure hunting.
• 📸 A CT scan in 2005 provided new insights into Tutankhamun's life and death, offering a non-invasive way to study the mummy.
• 🤔 The script suggests that Tutankhamun's death marked the end of a dynasty, with many questions about his life and death remaining unanswered.
• 👶 Tutankhamun was a young ruler, coming to power as a teenager and ruling for only nine years before his untimely death.
• 🌀 The script mentions a 'pharaoh's curse' associated with Tutankhamun, hinting at the superstitions and legends surrounding his tomb.
• ♻️ The CT scan process was not without issues, as the scanner malfunctioned due to sand, possibly alluding to the 'curse'.

Q & A

Who was King Tutankhamun and why is he significant?

King Tutankhamun, often referred to as King Tut, was the last successor of a powerful family that ruled Egypt for centuries. He is significant because his tomb was discovered intact in 1922, providing a wealth of information about ancient Egyptian culture and his own life.

What happened on the 5th of January, 2005, concerning King Tut?

On the 5th of January, 2005, King Tut's mummy was taken for a CT scan to offer new clues about his life and death, which was a significant event in the study of his remains and the history of ancient Egypt.

Why was King Tut's tomb in a bad condition when discovered?

The condition of King Tut's tomb was affected by Howard Carter's methods in the 1920s. Carter had to cut and disassemble the mummy to remove the gold artifacts, which damaged the mummy and its resting place.

What did Howard Carter discover when he first opened King Tut's tomb?

When Howard Carter first opened King Tut's tomb, he found it surprisingly complete with nothing missing. It contained the richest royal collection ever found, including glittering goods, precious collars, necklaces, bracelets, rings, and a gold mask and inner coffin.

What did the nested coffins of King Tut reveal about his burial?

The nested coffins of King Tut, with multiple coffins placed inside larger ones, indicated the complexity and significance of his burial. The first coffin contained a shroud decorated with garlands of plants that suggested he was buried in March or April.

What challenges did Howard Carter face when trying to remove King Tut's mummy from the innermost coffin?

Howard Carter faced the challenge of hardened resins that had cemented King Tut's mummy to the bottom of the coffin. Despite attempts to use the sun's heat to loosen the resins, they had to be cut away to raise the mummy.

How has archaeology evolved since the time of Howard Carter's discovery?

Archaeology has evolved to focus less on treasure and more on the details of life and the mysteries of death. It now employs more sophisticated tools, including medical technology like CT scans, which provide a deeper understanding of the subjects studied.

What did the CT scan of King Tut reveal that was not visible in the initial X-ray?

The CT scan of King Tut provided more detailed images than the initial X-ray, revealing 1700 digital X-ray images of his head in 0.62 mm slices, offering a more comprehensive view of his remains.

What were the two biggest questions about King Tut that the CT scan aimed to answer?

The CT scan aimed to answer two significant questions about King Tut: the cause of his death and his age at the time of his death.

What was the significance of King Tut's death in the context of ancient Egyptian history?

King Tut's death was significant because he was the last of his family's line, marking the end of a dynasty. His death also coincided with a period of religious and political upheaval in ancient Egypt.

What was the issue with the CT scanner during King Tut's scan, and how was it resolved?

During King Tut's CT scan, the million-dollar scanner quit due to sand in a cooling fan. The issue was resolved by using white plastic fans as a substitute, which allowed the procedure to be completed.

Outlines

00:00

🔍 King Tut's Mysterious Death and Discovery

King Tut, the last successor of a powerful Egyptian ruling family, died as a teenager and was buried with great wealth and ceremony. His tomb was forgotten until its rediscovery by archaeologist Howard Carter in 1922. Despite the tomb's intact state, questions about Tut's death and life persist. On January 5, 2005, King Tut's mummy was subjected to a CT scan to uncover new clues about his life and death. The tomb's condition has deteriorated due to Carter's methods in the 1920s, which involved removing the mummy's head and cutting major joints to access the gold within. Modern archaeology focuses on understanding the details of life and death, using sophisticated tools like CT scans. The scan aimed to provide answers to how Tut died and his age at death, offering a more detailed examination than previous X-rays.

05:01

🌟 King Tut's CT Scan and the Quest for Answers

The CT scan of King Tut's mummy was conducted to reveal more about his death and age, building on the knowledge gained from a 1968 X-ray that showed missing breastbone and front ribs. The scan involved creating 1700 digital X-ray images, with the mummy's head being scanned in 0.62 mm slices. The process was fraught with challenges, including a temporary malfunction of the scanner due to sand in the cooling fan, which was humorously attributed to the 'curse of the Pharaoh.' Despite the setbacks, the scan was completed, and the images provided a detailed look at Tut's remains. The successful completion of the scan was a relief to the team, and the mummy was returned to its tomb, overseen by the constellation Orion, which the ancient Egyptians associated with the soul of Osiris, the god of the afterlife.

Keywords

💡King Tut

King Tut, or Tutankhamun, was the last successor of the powerful 18th Dynasty of Egypt. His tomb's discovery in 1922 by Howard Carter marked a significant moment in archaeology, as it was largely intact and provided a wealth of artifacts. The video script discusses the mystery surrounding his death and the subsequent investigations, including a CT scan, to uncover more about his life and death.

💡Valley of the Kings

The Valley of the Kings is a burial site in Egypt where, for a period of nearly 500 years, tombs were constructed for the Pharaohs and powerful officials of the New Kingdom. King Tut's tomb, which was discovered with its contents surprisingly intact, is located here. The script describes the tomb's location and the significance of its preservation.

💡CT Scan

Computed Tomography (CT) scan is a medical imaging technique that uses X-rays to create cross-sectional images of the body, allowing for detailed examination of internal structures. In the context of the video, a CT scan is used to investigate King Tut's mummy, providing new insights into his health and the circumstances of his death.

💡Mummy

A mummy is a body that has been preserved, often through deliberate防腐处理, for burial. King Tut's mummy is a central focus of the video, as it is subjected to modern imaging techniques to learn more about his life and death. The script describes the process of preparing and scanning the mummy.

💡Curse of the Pharaohs

The 'Curse of the Pharaohs' is a popular myth suggesting that those who disturb the tombs of ancient Egyptian rulers will suffer misfortune or death. The script mentions this curse in relation to King Tut's tomb, adding an element of intrigue and mystery to the story.

💡Howard Carter

Howard Carter was a British archaeologist who discovered the tomb of King Tut in 1922. The script discusses Carter's methods and the controversy surrounding the handling of the mummy and the removal of artifacts, which have since been criticized for causing damage.

💡Funerary Treasures

Funerary treasures refer to the items buried with the deceased to accompany them in the afterlife. King Tut was provided with a vast array of such items, including gold masks and coffins, which are mentioned in the script as indicative of the wealth and status of the pharaohs.

💡Nested Coffins

Nested coffins are a feature of some ancient Egyptian burials, where multiple coffins are placed one inside the other, often with each successive coffin being more ornate. The script describes the discovery and investigation of King Tut's nested coffins, which were part of his funerary burial.

💡Akhenaten

Akhenaten, also known as Amenhotep IV, was a Pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty who initiated a religious revolution by promoting the worship of the sun disk, Aten. The script discusses his reign and the subsequent religious and political changes that occurred, which set the stage for King Tut's rule.

💡Tutankhamun's Restoration

After Akhenaten's reign, Tutankhamun, or King Tut, took steps to restore Egypt to its traditional religious practices, reversing some of the changes made by his predecessor. The script mentions this restoration as part of the historical context leading up to King Tut's rule and death.

💡Diagnostic Imaging

Diagnostic imaging encompasses a range of techniques used to visualize the body's interior for medical diagnosis. The script specifically mentions the use of CT scans as a form of diagnostic imaging to examine King Tut's mummy, which represents a significant advancement in archaeological investigation.

Highlights

King Tut was the last successor of a powerful family that ruled Egypt for centuries.

Tutankhamun died as a teenager and was eventually forgotten until his tomb was discovered in 1922.

On January 5th, 2005, King Tut's mummy was taken for a CT scan to uncover new clues about his life and death.

The CT scan aimed to solve the medical mysteries surrounding the young ruler of Egypt.

Tourists visit King Tut's tomb, contemplating his death and the legend of the pharaoh's curse.

Howard Carter discovered King Tut's tomb in 1922, finding it surprisingly complete.

King Tut was buried with a wealth of treasures, including a golden mask and coffins.

Carter had to cut the mummy to remove it from its coffin due to hardened resins.

Modern archaeology focuses on the details of life and the mysteries of death, using sophisticated tools like CT scans.

A 1968 x-ray revealed King Tut's missing breastbone and front ribs.

CT scans create a 3D virtual body, potentially revealing more about King Tut than traditional x-rays.

King Tut's death marked the end of his family's line and a dynasty.

The CT scan of King Tut's head was performed in 0.62 mm slices, capturing detailed images.

A technical issue with the CT scanner was overcome with the use of plastic fans.

Technicians successfully retrieved astonishing images of King Tut from the CT scan.

The ancient Egyptians believed that the constellation Orion, visible above Tut's tomb, represented the soul of Osiris, the god of afterlife.

Transcripts

King

Tut the last successor of a powerful

family that had ruled Egypt and its

Empire for

centuries he died when he was a teenager

he was laid for rest and eventually

forgotten in 1922 his tomb was

discovered by an

archaeologist since then people have

wondered about how he died with murder

being the most extreme

possibility now on the 5th of January

2005 tdd is being taken for a CT scan

that offers new clues about his life and

death an angry wind stirred up ghostly

dust as King Tut was taken out from his

resting place in the Valley of the

Kings world's most famous mommy was

about to be scanned to solve the medical

mysteries of this little understood

Young Ruler of Egypt

all afternoon the tourists have visited

to's tomb some 26 ft underground they

gazed at the murals on the walls and at

to's Golden face some visitors read from

guide book others stood silently perhaps

thinking about to's death in his late

Deans or wondering with a shiver if the

pharaoh's curse that death or Misfortune

falls upon those who disturb him was

really true the money is in very bad

condition because of what Carter did in

the

1920s Carter Howard Carter he was the

one who discovered D's tomb in

1922 when he found it the contents were

surprisingly

complete nothing was missing even now

they Remain the richest royal collection

ever found in its time the Royal people

were very rich and they thought that

they could take the treasure with them

even after dying for this reason King

tat was provided with all the glittering

Goods precious collars necklaces

bracelets Rings Etc and most importantly

the mask and the inner coffin all made

of gold after months of carefully

recording the pharaoh's funerary

Treasures Pharaoh ancient Egyptian king

K began investigating his three nested

coffins nested coffins multiple coffins

place inside larger coffins when he

opened the first one he found a shroud

decorated with garlands of Willow and

Olive leaves wild celery Lotus petals

and CIF flowers that means he was buried

in March or April because these plants

grow in these months when finally he

opened the innermost coffin and he

reached the Mummy he ran into trouble

the resins that is the white coating on

the mummy had become hard thus cementing

him to the bottom of the coffin and the

resins were really hard no amount of

legitimate force can move them what is

to be

done the sun beat down like Hammer this

far south in Egypt I will try to use it

to loosen the resins for several hours

he set the mummy outside in blazing

Sunshine that heated it to 149 de F

nothing moved he reported the hardened

material has to be cut away from below

the limbs and trunk to raise the king's

remains you may consider it wrong to

damage the mummy which is of a

historical

importance but Carter heard a point if I

don't cut the mummy thieves will somehow

rip the guards apart to remove the gold

so he did it

himself Carter's men removed the mummy's

head and cut nearly every major joint

once they had finished collecting the

gold they reassembled the remains on a

layer of sand in a wooden box with a

support that hid the damaged

areas this wooden box is now the bed

where T now rests see what an

archaeologist did to the most popular

mommy but now archaeology has changed

focusing Less on Treasure and more on

the fascinating details of life and

intriguing mysteries of death it also

uses more sophisticated tools including

Medical

Technology x-ray was already done in

1968 an anatomy Professor x-ray the

mommy and revealed a startling fact

below the resin that cakes his chest his

breast bone and front ribs are missing

today Diagnostic Imaging can be done

with CT that is computed tomography in

this hundreds of xray in cross-section

are put together to create a 3D virtual

body now it's to's time for his CT scan

what more would a CT scan reveal of tat

than the

X-ray and could it answer two of the

biggest questions still there how did he

die and how old was he when he died King

TD's death was a big event he was the

last of his family's line and his death

was the death of a dynasty

but the details of his death and its

aftermath are unclear am inip 3 who is

T's father or perhaps grandfather was a

powerful

Pharaoh he ruled almost four

decades then his son amen 4 became the

ruler he began one of the strangest

periods in the history of ancient Egypt

it must have been a horic time

the family that had ruled for centuries

was coming to an end and then ainan went

a little wacky he did many strange

things he promoted the worship of the

aan the

sundisk he changed his name to ainan

that is servant of the Aiden he moved

the religious capital from the old city

thieves to the new city Aon which was

also known as

amarna further he attacked Amun the

major God by Smashing his images and

closing his

temples after his death a mysterious

ruler smar appeared for a very short

period and exited Without a Trace and

then came our famous teenager King

Tut he changed his name to tutan which

means living image of Amun he took

control of restoring things to the old

ways he ruled for 9 years and then died

no one knows knows

how let's get back to his scanning a CT

machine scanned The Mummy creating 1700

digital x-ray images TD's head scanned

in 0.62 mm slices takes on weird detail

in the resulting image the night of the

scan Workman carried tat from the Tomb

in his box to the ground level Then

There Rose a hydraulic lift into the

trailer that had the scan in it 20

minutes later two men emerged ran to an

office nearby and returned with a pair

of white plastic

fans why because the million dooll

scanner had quit because of sand in a

cool F normal thing or maybe curse of

the Pharaoh he eventually The Substitute

fans worked well enough to finish the

procedure then the mommy was again sent

to his tomb in the trailer a technician

pulled up astonishing images of tat on a

computer screen for now the pressure was

off zahi smiled visibly relieved that

nothing had gone wrong I didn't sleep

last night not for a second I was so

worried but now I think I will go and

sleep by the time we left the trailer

the wind had stopped maybe because Tutt

was again in his tomb

just above the entrance of his tomb

stood aionion the constellation that the

ancient Egyptians knew as the soul of

oer the god of afterlife watching over

the boy King