SEJARAH SINGKAT G30S PKI

Ilmu Ketengan

29 May 202405:06

Summary

TLDRThis video delves into the controversial and bloody 'Gerakan 30 September' in 1965, a pivotal event in Indonesian history. Amidst political and economic turmoil, President Soekarno navigated tensions between the military and the rapidly growing Indonesian Communist Party (PKI). On the night of September 30 to October 1, a group claiming to prevent a military coup, abducted and killed several high-ranking military officers. Led by Lieutenant Colonel Untung, they accused a fictitious General Council of plotting against Soekarno. General Soeharto seized control, eventually leading to Soekarno's downfall and the rise of the New Order. The PKI was disbanded, and mass arrests, torture, and executions followed, with estimates of hundreds of thousands to millions of deaths. The video concludes by emphasizing the importance of critically understanding this complex event to build a better future.

Takeaways

😐 The script discusses the controversial and bloody event in Indonesian history known as the September 30th Movement or G3/SPKI.
🏛️ In the 1960s, Indonesia faced political and economic tensions, with President Soekarno trying to balance various political forces, including the military and the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI).
🌟 The PKI, led by D.N. Aidit, grew rapidly and became one of the largest communist parties in the world outside of the Soviet Union and China.
🔍 Tensions between the PKI and the Army increased, with the military viewing the PKI as a threat to their power and the PKI feeling the need to act to avoid being crushed by the military.
🗓️ On the night of September 30 to the early morning of October 1, 1965, a group calling itself the September 30th Movement kidnapped and killed several high-ranking military figures, whose bodies were later found in a well in Lubang Buaya, Jakarta.
☠️ The movement was led by Lieutenant Colonel Untung, a commander of the Presidential Guard's Battalion, claiming the action was to prevent a coup by a fictional General Council.
🛡️ Major General Soeharto, who was leading the Army Strategic Command (Kostrad) at the time, took over command to handle the situation and managed to secure Jakarta and suppress the movement's forces.
📜 Following the event, Soeharto began to consolidate his power, and on March 11, 1966, President Soekarno issued the Supersemar, effectively giving Soeharto authority to take steps to restore order, marking the end of Soekarno's rule and the beginning of the New Order under Soeharto.
🚫 The PKI was subsequently disbanded, and its members, along with those suspected of being associated with the PKI, faced mass arrests, torture, and executions, with estimates of hundreds of thousands to millions of people killed in the anti-communist purge that followed.
🤔 The G30S/PKI incident left a deep scar in Indonesian history, and debates about who was truly behind the event continue, with theories including possible involvement of other parties such as the military itself or foreign intelligence agencies.

Q & A

What was the situation in Indonesia during the 1960s?
-During the 1960s, Indonesia was in a tense political and economic situation. President Soekarno was attempting to balance various political powers, including the military and the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI).
How did the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) grow during this period?
-The PKI, led by D.N. Aidit, grew rapidly and became one of the largest communist parties in the world outside of the Soviet Union and China.
What was the tension between the PKI and the military?
-The tension between the PKI and the military was escalating, with the military viewing the PKI as a threat to their power, while the PKI felt the need to act to prevent being crushed by the military.
What event occurred on the night of September 30 to the morning of October 1, 1965?
-A group calling itself the September 30th Movement conducted kidnappings and murders of several high-ranking military officials, who were later found dead in a well at Lubang Buaya, Jakarta.
Who were some of the military officials killed in the September 30th Movement?
-Some of the military officials killed included Lieutenant General AHM, Major General R. Suprapto, Major General MT Harono, Major General Siswondo Parman, Brigadier General Donal Ijakus Panjaitan, and Brigadier General Suyono Sismiharjo.
Who led the September 30th Movement and what was their claim?
-The movement was led by Lieutenant Colonel Untung, a commander of the Presidential Guard. They claimed the action was an attempt to prevent a coup by a fictitious group called the General Council.
How did Major General Soeharto respond to the September 30th Movement?
-Major General Soeharto, who was leading the Army Strategic Command (Kostrad) at the time, quickly took control to address the situation. By the morning of October 1, he and his forces had secured Jakarta and suppressed the movement.
What significant change occurred in the Indonesian government following the movement?
-After the events, Soeharto began to strengthen his position. On March 11, 1966, President Soekarno issued the 'Supersemar' or March 11th Order, giving Soeharto authority to take steps to restore order, marking the beginning of the end for Soekarno's rule and the start of the New Order era under Soeharto.
What happened to the PKI and its members after the September 30th Movement?
-The PKI was disbanded, and its members, along with individuals suspected of being associated with the PKI, faced mass arrests, torture, and executions. It is estimated that hundreds of thousands to millions of people died in the anti-communist purge that followed.
What is the ongoing debate about the September 30th Movement?
-The debate continues about who was truly behind the movement, with various theories suggesting possible involvement of other parties, including the military itself or foreign intelligence agencies.
Why is it important to study the September 30th Movement?
-Studying the September 30th Movement is important to understand the complexity of politics and the long-term impact of such events on the Indonesian society. It is crucial to learn from history critically and objectively to build a better future.

Outlines

00:00

🇮🇩 The 1965 Indonesian Coup Attempt

This paragraph discusses the political and economic tensions in Indonesia during the 1960s, leading up to the controversial and bloody event known as the September 30th Movement or G30S. It highlights President Soekarno's efforts to balance various political forces, including the military and the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI), which was rapidly growing under the leadership of D.N. Aidit. The tensions between the PKI and the military escalated, with the military viewing the PKI as a threat to their power, and the PKI feeling the need to act to prevent being crushed by the military. The paragraph describes the events of the night of September 30 to the early morning of October 1, 1965, when a group calling itself the September 30th Movement kidnapped and killed several high-ranking military officers, whose bodies were later found in a well known as Lubang Buaya in Jakarta. The movement was led by Lieutenant Colonel Untung, a commander of the Presidential Guard. They claimed the action was to prevent a coup by a fictitious group of generals planning to overthrow President Soekarno.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Gerakan 30 September

The 'Gerakan 30 September' refers to the September 30th Movement, a controversial and bloody event in Indonesian history that occurred in 1965. This movement was a coup attempt led by a group claiming to prevent a coup by the military. The event is central to the video's theme as it discusses the political turmoil and subsequent actions that led to significant changes in Indonesia's political landscape.

💡PKI

PKI stands for Partai Komunis Indonesia, or the Indonesian Communist Party. It was a major political force in Indonesia during the 1960s, growing rapidly and becoming one of the largest communist parties outside of the Soviet Union and China. The PKI's role is pivotal in the video as it was perceived as a threat by the military, leading to escalating tensions that contributed to the events of September 30th.

💡Soekarno

Soekarno was the first President of Indonesia, who attempted to balance various political forces, including the military and the PKI. His role in the video is significant as he was the president during the time of the September 30th Movement. The video discusses how his power began to wane after the event, leading to the rise of Soeharto.

💡Soeharto

Soeharto, then leading the strategic command of the army (Kostrad), took over command to handle the situation after the September 30th Movement. He is a key figure in the video as his actions following the event led to the consolidation of his power and the eventual end of Soekarno's rule, marking the beginning of the New Order era under his leadership.

💡Lubang Buaya

Lubang Buaya is the location in Jakarta where the bodies of kidnapped and murdered military generals were found after the September 30th Movement. This site is a significant part of the video's narrative as it symbolizes the violence and the aftermath of the coup attempt.

💡Kudeta

Kudeta, meaning 'coup' in Indonesian, is a term used in the video to describe the alleged plan by the military to overthrow President Soekarno. The term is crucial to understanding the video's theme as it sets the context for the actions taken by the Gerakan 30 September group and the subsequent military response.

💡Angkatan Darat

Angkatan Darat refers to the Indonesian Army. The term is important in the video as it discusses the military's perspective and actions during the political crisis, including their view of the PKI as a threat and their response to the September 30th Movement.

💡Pembersihan Anti-Komunis

Pembersihan Anti-Komunis, or 'Anti-Communist Purge,' refers to the mass arrests, torture, and executions that followed the September 30th Movement, targeting members and suspected affiliates of the PKI. This term is central to the video's discussion of the severe consequences and the lasting impact on Indonesian society.

💡Orde Baru

Orde Baru, or 'New Order,' is the term used to describe the era of Indonesian history that began after the events of 1965, under the leadership of Soeharto. The term is significant in the video as it marks a new political period following the turmoil and the end of Soekarno's presidency.

💡Surat Perintah 11 Maret

Surat Perintah 11 Maret, or 'March 11th Order,' is a decree issued by President Soekarno that effectively granted Soeharto authority to take measures to restore order. This term is important in the video as it signifies the transition of power from Soekarno to Soeharto and the beginning of the New Order era.

Highlights

Introduction to the controversial and bloody event in Indonesian history known as the 30 September Movement or G30S.

Indonesia in the 1960s faced tense political and economic situations.

President Soekarno attempted to balance various political forces, including the military and the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI).

The PKI, led by D.N. Aidit, grew rapidly and became one of the world's largest communist parties outside the Soviet Union and China.

Tensions between the PKI and the Army increased, with the military viewing the PKI as a threat to their power.

On the night of September 30 to the early morning of October 1, 1965, a group calling itself the 30 September Movement abducted and killed several high-ranking military officers.

The bodies of the murdered generals were found in an old well at Lubang Buaya, Jakarta.

The movement was led by Lieutenant Colonel Untung, a commander of the Presidential Guard.

They claimed the action was to prevent a coup by a fictional group called the General Council.

Major General Soeharto, who was leading the Army Strategic Command (Kostrad), took over command to handle the situation.

Soeharto and his forces managed to control Jakarta and suppress the movement's troops on the morning of October 1.

Following the event, Soeharto began to strengthen his position, leading to the end of Soekarno's power and the beginning of the New Order era under Soeharto.

The PKI was disbanded, and its members, along with those suspected of being associated with the PKI, faced mass arrests, torture, and executions.

It is estimated that hundreds of thousands to millions of people died in the anti-communist purge that followed the event.

The G30S event left a deep scar in Indonesian history, and debates about who was truly behind it continue.

Understanding the 30 September Movement allows us to learn about the complexity of politics and the long-term impact of such events on the Indonesian society.

It is important to critically and objectively study this history to build a better future.

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