JURNAL PENYESUAIAN -Tips dan Trik Memahami dengan Cepat

dewi noor sani

7 Oct 202019:53

Summary

TLDRThis video by Dewi Norsanie offers practical tips and tricks for preparing adjusting journal entries in accounting. It covers topics like adjusting supplies, fixed assets, unpaid expenses, and prepaid expenses using different methods (asset or expense method). Dewi explains each concept with step-by-step examples, ensuring clarity on debits, credits, and calculations. The video also includes demonstrations on depreciation and adjustments for unpaid salaries and utilities. Overall, the lesson aims to simplify the process of creating accurate adjusting journal entries while reinforcing key accounting principles.

Takeaways

📘 Introduction to adjustment journals in accounting, focusing on tips and tricks for quick and accurate preparation.
🖊️ Adjusting supplies involves debiting supplies expense and crediting supplies. For example, office or store supplies must be treated similarly.
🏢 Fixed assets like equipment, vehicles, and buildings require depreciation adjustments, where depreciation expense is debited and accumulated depreciation is credited.
📈 Adjusting unpaid expenses, such as unpaid salaries or utilities, involves debiting the expense and crediting a liability (e.g., unpaid wages, unpaid electricity).
📄 Prepaid expenses can be adjusted using either the asset or expense method, depending on how it’s recorded in the trial balance (e.g., prepaid rent or rent expense).
💡 Using the asset method, debit the expense and credit the asset account for the amount used (e.g., prepaid rent debited to rent expense).
📊 If using the expense method for prepaid expenses, debit the asset and credit the expense for the amount not yet used.
📉 Straight-line depreciation involves dividing the asset cost by its useful life, adjusting for depreciation each year (e.g., vehicles or equipment).
💸 Advertising adjustments follow the same principles as other expenses, adjusting based on whether it’s recorded as prepaid or an expense.
💼 End-of-period adjustments for utilities and wages ensure accurate liability recording, with adjustments split between sales and administrative expenses.

Q & A

What is the main topic of the video presented by Dewi Norsanie?
-The main topic of the video is accounting, specifically focusing on tips and tricks for preparing adjusting journal entries.
What is the purpose of adjusting journal entries according to the video?
-Adjusting journal entries are used to update the balances of accounts at the end of a period to reflect the true financial state, such as accounting for supplies used, depreciation of fixed assets, and unpaid expenses.
How should supplies be adjusted in an adjusting journal entry?
-When adjusting supplies, the debit entry should be to 'Supplies Expense' and the credit entry to 'Supplies.' The adjustment amount is the value of supplies used during the period.
How is depreciation on fixed assets recorded?
-Depreciation on fixed assets is recorded by debiting 'Depreciation Expense' and crediting 'Accumulated Depreciation' for the asset, such as vehicles or machinery.
What is the difference between prepaid expenses and expenses paid in advance?
-Prepaid expenses represent assets because the payment covers future periods. If it appears as 'Prepaid Expense' in the trial balance, it uses the asset method, while 'Expense' in the trial balance indicates the use of the expense method for adjustment.
What are the steps for adjusting prepaid expenses using the asset method?
-When adjusting prepaid expenses using the asset method, debit the relevant expense account (e.g., Rent Expense) and credit the prepaid account (e.g., Prepaid Rent) for the portion that has expired or been used.
How are unpaid expenses (such as salaries or utilities) recorded in adjusting entries?
-For unpaid expenses, debit the expense account (e.g., Salaries Expense) and credit a liability account (e.g., Salaries Payable) for the amount owed but not yet paid.
What is the significance of the date '31' in the adjusting journal entries?
-The date '31' is used in all adjusting journal entries in the example because adjustments are typically made at the end of the period, which is often the last day of the month.
How is the straight-line depreciation method applied to vehicles?
-The straight-line depreciation method divides the cost of the vehicle (minus any residual value) by its useful life in years to calculate annual depreciation. This value is then used for adjusting entries.
How are expenses split between departments in the adjusting entries for salaries?
-In the example, salaries are split between departments, with 30% allocated to sales and the remaining 70% to administration and general expenses. Separate entries are made for each portion.

Outlines

00:00

🙏 Introduction and Overview of Adjustment Journal Tips

The speaker introduces themselves and the accounting lesson, starting with a prayer. They promise to explain tips and tricks for preparing adjustment journals. Although a conceptual explanation was provided in a previous video, this session will focus on quick and accurate methods for journal preparation. The speaker gives examples like adjusting supplies, discussing how to handle specific cases like supplies for different categories (e.g., office and store supplies) and ensuring entries match based on usage. They also introduce adjusting fixed assets, like equipment, with automatic debit and credit entries.

05:02

📝 Adjusting Prepaid Expenses and Insurance

This section focuses on how to adjust prepaid expenses like rent, advertising, and insurance using different methods. If the balance sheet lists these items as prepaid, the asset method is used. If they are listed as expenses, the expense method applies. The speaker introduces formulas for both methods, emphasizing accuracy when determining amounts. For example, in the asset method, the debit entry is for the expense, and the credit is for the prepaid asset. When using the expense method, the debit entry is for the asset, and the credit is for the expense.

10:02

📊 Practical Examples of Adjusting Entries

Here, the speaker provides practical examples from a trial balance, beginning with store supplies. They calculate how much of the supplies have been used and create a journal entry for the adjustment. The same process is applied to other items like prepaid rent and insurance. The focus is on ensuring that each entry matches the amount that has been consumed or expired, based on the remaining balance in the trial balance. They emphasize that adjusting entries always occur on the last day of the period, typically the 31st of the month.

15:04

🧮 Calculating Depreciation and Completing Adjustments

The speaker discusses adjusting for depreciation using the straight-line method for assets like vehicles and equipment. They provide the formula for calculating depreciation and explain how to create the necessary journal entries for depreciation expenses and accumulated depreciation. Additional examples include advertising that has expired and unpaid utility bills. The speaker calculates the adjustments and explains how to split wages between departments when preparing journal entries. They conclude by ensuring that debit and credit balances match, with a final reminder to maintain neatness and accuracy in financial reporting.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Jurnal Penyesuaian (Adjusting Journal)

The 'Jurnal Penyesuaian' refers to adjusting journal entries made at the end of an accounting period to update financial records before finalizing financial statements. It ensures that all revenues and expenses are recorded in the correct accounting period. In the video, Dewi Norsanie explains various tips and tricks for preparing these adjustments, such as handling supplies, depreciation, and prepaid expenses.

💡Beban (Expense)

'Beban' refers to expenses that a business incurs in its day-to-day operations. In the video, the presenter discusses different types of expenses, such as 'beban perlengkapan' (supplies expense) and 'beban penyusutan' (depreciation expense). Understanding which account to debit or credit for these expenses is critical when preparing adjusting journal entries.

💡Perlengkapan (Supplies)

'Perlengkapan' refers to supplies used in business operations. In the video, Dewi explains that when adjusting supplies, the journal entry involves debiting 'beban perlengkapan' (supplies expense) and crediting the 'perlengkapan' (supplies) account for the amount used during the period.

💡Harta Tetap (Fixed Assets)

'Harta Tetap' are long-term assets such as equipment, vehicles, and buildings, which are used in the operations of a business for more than one year. In the video, fixed assets require adjusting entries for depreciation. Dewi describes how to handle adjustments for fixed assets like vehicles and equipment.

💡Penyusutan (Depreciation)

'Penyusutan' refers to the systematic allocation of the cost of a fixed asset over its useful life. Dewi explains the process of recording depreciation by debiting 'beban penyusutan' (depreciation expense) and crediting 'akumulasi penyusutan' (accumulated depreciation). For example, she demonstrates how to calculate depreciation for vehicles using the straight-line method.

💡Beban Dibayar Dimuka (Prepaid Expenses)

'Beban Dibayar Dimuka' are prepaid expenses that have been paid for in advance, but have not yet been used. Dewi explains that these require adjusting entries depending on whether they are considered as assets or expenses. For example, if rent is paid in advance, it is initially recorded as 'sewa dibayar dimuka' (prepaid rent) and adjusted as time passes.

💡Metode Harta dan Beban (Asset and Expense Method)

The 'Metode Harta dan Beban' refers to the two methods for adjusting prepaid expenses: the asset method and the expense method. Dewi explains when to use each method based on how the accounts are labeled in the trial balance. The asset method debits expenses and credits assets, while the expense method debits assets and credits expenses.

💡Neraca Saldo (Trial Balance)

'Neraca Saldo' is a list of all accounts and their balances at a particular point in time, used to verify that total debits equal total credits. Dewi emphasizes the importance of referring to the trial balance when making adjustments, such as identifying the value of supplies or prepaid expenses to ensure accurate entries.

💡Utang (Liabilities)

'Utang' refers to liabilities or debts owed by the company. Dewi explains how to adjust for unpaid expenses, such as unpaid salaries or utility bills, by debiting the relevant expense account and crediting the corresponding liability account, such as 'utang gaji' (salary payable) or 'utang listrik' (utility payable).

💡Metode Garis Lurus (Straight-Line Method)

The 'Metode Garis Lurus' is the straight-line method of calculating depreciation, where the same amount is expensed each year over the asset's useful life. Dewi explains how to apply this method, for example, by dividing the cost of a vehicle by its estimated useful life to calculate the annual depreciation expense.

Highlights

Introduction to the lesson on accounting adjustments and the importance of prayer before beginning.

Overview of quick tips and tricks for creating adjustment journals efficiently and correctly.

Instructions for adjusting supplies: Debit the supplies expense and credit supplies for the amount that has been used.

Explanation of adjusting fixed assets like equipment, vehicles, and machinery with depreciation entries.

Steps to adjust unpaid expenses such as salaries, electricity, and telephone bills: Debit the expense and credit the respective liability account.

Clarification on prepaid expenses and how to use asset or expense methods depending on the balance sheet classification.

Use of the formula HBH (Harta-Beban-Harta) when using the asset method for adjusting prepaid expenses.

Use of the formula BHBB (Beban-Harta-Beban) when using the expense method for adjusting prepaid expenses.

Example of adjusting prepaid rent using the asset method and calculating how much rent has already been consumed.

Step-by-step explanation of how to adjust depreciation for fixed assets using the straight-line method.

Demonstration of adjusting accrued expenses like wages and administrative expenses based on the balance sheet data.

Highlight of common adjustment mistakes and how to avoid them by carefully reading balance sheet details.

Explanation of how to split the wage adjustments between different departments (sales and administrative) for proper accounting.

Reminder to strip unused accounts in the final journal to maintain neatness and prevent fraud.

Closing of the lesson with a prayer, emphasizing the importance of learning accounting concepts thoroughly.