Hak dan Kewajiban Warganegara Bagian 1

Summary

This video script delves into the rights and obligations of citizens, highlighting the importance of understanding one's duties alongside claiming rights. It clarifies the difference between citizens and non-citizens, using examples like tourists and diplomats to illustrate legal status and its implications. The discussion touches on the concept of nationality through birthright (Ius Soli) and bloodline (Ius Sanguinis), explaining how these principles affect citizenship. The script also addresses the responsibilities of a state towards its citizens, including protection and assistance, and contrasts the benefits and duties of citizens versus non-citizens within a country.

Takeaways

• 😀 The speaker discusses the rights and obligations of citizens, emphasizing the importance of understanding and fulfilling one's duties as a citizen.
• 🏛️ The script highlights the difference between 'penduduk' (residents) and 'warga negara' (citizens), explaining that not all residents are citizens and vice versa.
• 👶 The concept of 'warga negara' is clarified, stating that it includes individuals who are legally recognized as members of a nation, regardless of their place of birth.
• 📜 The script mentions various documents that can indicate one's citizenship, such as a KTP (Indonesian Identity Card) or a foreign passport.
• 🌐 The discussion includes the legal status of 'bukan warga negara' (non-citizens), who are subject to the laws of the country they are in but may have different rights and obligations.
• 💉 The script touches on the topic of vaccination programs, noting that some countries have specific programs for their citizens living abroad.
• 🛂 The importance of consular protection for citizens abroad is highlighted, with examples of countries evacuating their citizens from conflict zones.
• 🏆 The script explains the principles of 'Ius Soli' and 'Ius Sanguinis', which determine citizenship based on place of birth and bloodline, respectively.
• 🌱 The benefits of having dual citizenship are briefly discussed, including the advantages it can provide in terms of legal protection and opportunities.
• 🏥 The speaker uses the example of health services, such as vaccinations, to illustrate how the rights and obligations of citizens can vary depending on their nationality.

Q & A

What are the rights and obligations of citizens?

Citizens have rights such as accessing public services and the obligation to contribute to society, such as paying taxes and abiding by laws.

What is the difference between a citizen and a non-citizen?

A citizen is a legal member of a country with rights and obligations, while a non-citizen may reside in a country but does not have the same legal status or entitlements.

What is the significance of having a KTP (Indonesian Identity Card)?

A KTP serves as proof of citizenship and is often required for accessing various government services and rights within Indonesia.

How does a person become a citizen of Indonesia?

One can become a citizen of Indonesia through birth, naturalization, or by being a descendant of Indonesian citizens, depending on the country's nationality laws.

What is the role of a passport in determining citizenship?

A passport is a travel document that indicates the holder's nationality and is issued by their country of citizenship.

How does the concept of 'Ius Soli' affect citizenship?

Under 'Ius Soli', a person is automatically a citizen of the country where they are born, regardless of their parents' nationality.

What does 'Ius Sanguinis' mean in the context of citizenship?

'Ius Sanguinis' is a principle where citizenship is determined by ancestry, meaning a person is a citizen of the country their parents are from.

Why is it important for a country to protect its citizens abroad?

Protecting citizens abroad is important because it upholds the rights of citizens and maintains the country's reputation and diplomatic relations.

How does the government prioritize vaccination programs for citizens?

Governments typically prioritize vaccination programs for their citizens first, ensuring their health and safety before extending it to non-citizens.

What are the implications of having dual citizenship?

Dual citizenship means having the rights and obligations of two countries, which can offer benefits such as access to more resources and protection from both nations.

How does Indonesia's nationality law handle cases of dual citizenship?

Indonesia's nationality law is flexible and can accommodate dual citizenship under certain conditions, allowing individuals to have rights in more than one country.

Outlines

00:00

🏛 Understanding Citizen Rights and Obligations

The speaker begins by addressing the audience and introducing the topic of citizen rights and obligations. They reflect on their own realization of having demanded more rights than fulfilling their duties as a citizen. The discussion then shifts to the current state of public infrastructure, using the example of potholes in roads, to illustrate the public's focus on demanding rights while neglecting their responsibilities. The speaker emphasizes the importance of understanding one's role as a good and responsible citizen. They propose to explore what it means to be a citizen, the legal definitions, and the differences between citizens and non-citizens. The concept of 'penduduk' (resident) is clarified, distinguishing it from 'warga negara' (citizen), with the former being someone who resides in a country but may not have citizenship. The speaker uses the example of a baby born in Indonesia to explain automatic citizenship by birth. They also touch upon the documentation that signifies citizenship, such as a passport for foreign nationals, and how the absence of such documents can indicate non-citizenship. The paragraph concludes with a call to discuss the responsibilities that come with being a citizen and the benefits that citizens should rightfully claim.

05:01

🌐 Distinguishing Citizens and Non-Citizens

This paragraph delves into the differences between citizens and non-citizens, focusing on their legal status and relationship with the state. The speaker explains that while non-citizens are subject to the laws of the country they reside in, they do not have the same rights and obligations as citizens. Examples are given, such as foreign diplomats and tourists, who are in the country temporarily and have specific rights and duties defined by their status and the agreements between their home country and the host country. The discussion also covers the concept of 'naturalisasi' or naturalization, where individuals like Christian Gonzales, who are not originally from Indonesia, can become citizens through a legal process. The speaker highlights the benefits of being a citizen, such as receiving protection from the state, even in situations of conflict or crisis. They also mention the government's responsibility towards its citizens, including providing vaccinations and other services, which are typically not extended to non-citizens. The paragraph ends with a comparison of the different entitlements and obligations of citizens and non-citizens, emphasizing the importance of understanding one's legal status and the associated rights and duties.

10:01

📜 Principles of Nationality and Dual Citizenship

The final paragraph discusses the principles that determine nationality, focusing on 'Ius Soli' and 'Ius Sanguinis'. 'Ius Soli' is a principle where citizenship is granted based on the place of birth, exemplified by Canada, where children born to foreign parents automatically become Canadian citizens. This is contrasted with 'Ius Sanguinis', where citizenship is determined by ancestry, followed by countries like the UK and Italy. The speaker uses the example of a British national working in Indonesia to illustrate how their child, born in Indonesia, would still be considered a British citizen under 'Ius Sanguinis'. The paragraph also touches on the concept of dual citizenship, where a child born to British parents in Canada could potentially hold both British and Canadian citizenships. The speaker reflects on the flexibility of Indonesian law regarding dual citizenship and concludes by emphasizing the importance of understanding these principles for those who wish to navigate their citizenship status or plan for their children's future.

Keywords

💡Citizenship

Citizenship refers to the status of a person recognized under the law of a sovereign state or local jurisdiction, and implies the rights, privileges, and duties the individual holds. In the video, the concept of citizenship is central to discussing the rights and obligations of individuals as members of a nation-state. The script mentions how one's citizenship affects their legal status and the benefits they can access, such as vaccination programs or consular protection.

💡Rights

Rights are the legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement that are intended to protect the well-being of individuals. The video script touches on the rights of citizens, emphasizing that while people often demand their rights, they should also be aware of the responsibilities they hold. Examples include the right to protection by the state or the right to social services.

💡Obligations

Obligations are duties or responsibilities that an individual has towards others or the state. The script discusses the balance between the rights citizens enjoy and the obligations they have to their country, such as paying taxes or obeying laws. It suggests that being a good citizen involves fulfilling these obligations.

💡Resident

A resident is someone who lives in a particular place, often for a considerable amount of time. The video script differentiates between residents and non-residents, explaining that residents have a more permanent status within a country, often reflected in their legal documents like a KTP (Indonesian identity card), whereas non-residents may be tourists or temporary workers.

💡Non-resident

A non-resident is someone who is not permanently living in a particular country. In the context of the video, non-residents are contrasted with residents, highlighting that they may have different rights and obligations. For instance, non-residents might not be eligible for certain social programs or may have limited access to legal protections.

💡KTP (Indonesian Identity Card)

KTP stands for Kartu Tanda Penduduk, which is the Indonesian identity card that serves as proof of a person's identity and citizenship. The script uses the KTP as an example of a document that signifies one's status as a resident and citizen of Indonesia, entitling them to certain rights and services.

💡Passport

A passport is an official government document that certifies the identity and citizenship of its holder for the purpose of international travel. The video script mentions passports as a way to identify non-residents or foreigners, who may hold a different nationality and are subject to different rules and regulations within the host country.

💡Naturalization

Naturalization is the process by which a non-citizen in a country can become a citizen. The script discusses naturalization as a pathway for individuals to acquire citizenship, often through legal processes that vary by country. It gives an example of a foreign athlete who becomes a citizen through naturalization, gaining rights and protections under the law.

💡Ius Soli

Ius Soli is a principle of law that confers citizenship based on the place of birth. The video explains how some countries, like Canada, follow the Ius Soli principle, meaning that anyone born within their territory is automatically a citizen, regardless of the parents' citizenship status. This principle is contrasted with Ius Sanguinis in the script.

💡Ius Sanguinis

Ius Sanguinis is a principle of law that confers citizenship based on the citizenship of one or both parents. The video script contrasts this principle with Ius Soli, explaining that countries like the United Kingdom use Ius Sanguinis, so a child born in another country to British parents would still be considered a British citizen.

💡Dual Citizenship

Dual citizenship occurs when a person is a citizen of two countries at the same time. The script touches on the complexities of dual citizenship, such as when a child is born to parents of different nationalities, each following different citizenship laws (Ius Soli or Ius Sanguinis), leading to the child having multiple nationalities.

Highlights

Discussion on the rights and obligations of citizens as national members.

The realization of being more focused on claiming rights than fulfilling obligations as a citizen.

The importance of understanding the difference between residents and non-residents in a country.

Definition of residents as those born and living in a country, such as Indonesia.

Explanation of non-residents as those temporarily in a country, like tourists or workers with time-limited stays.

Differentiating between citizens and non-citizens based on legal status and government relations.

The concept of a citizen being someone who is a member of a nation by law or treaty.

The process of naturalization for non-citizens to become citizens, exemplified by a foreign football player.

The legal obligations of non-citizens to obey the laws of the country they are in, even if they are not members.

The example of government programs like vaccines being prioritized for citizens over non-citizens.

The responsibility of a country to protect its citizens, even in foreign lands, as seen in evacuation efforts.

The legal and moral duty of a nation to rescue its citizens in danger, regardless of their legal troubles.

The difference in rights and obligations between citizens and non-citizens in terms of government support and services.

The principle of Ius Soli, where citizenship is determined by place of birth, as practiced in countries like Canada.

The principle of Ius Sanguinis, where citizenship is determined by bloodline, as practiced in countries like the UK.

The complexity of dual citizenship and the legal implications for children born to parents of different nationalities.

The flexibility of Indonesian law in recognizing dual citizenship and its impact on individuals.

Transcripts

Hai Oke ketemu lagi dengan saya

ada potongan selanjutnya di kali ini

saya akan ngebahas tentang

warga negara jadi hak dan kewajiban dari

warga negara jadi kita saya ini sebagai

warga negara ternyata memiliki yang

namanya hak dan juga kewajiban yang

harus saya jalan gang selama ini karena

saya sadar bahwa saya lebih banyak

meminta hak daripada memberikan

kewajiban yang seharusnya saya ini

berikan karena sebagai warga negara

Coba lihat sekarang jalan berlubang di

kita sudah marah-marah lagi ngapain

pemerintah menuntut meminta hak-hak dan

kita lupa datang terhadap apa yang

memiliki kewajiban-kewajiban

kewajiban-kewajiban yang kita miliki ini

kita lupa memberikannya

Hai tentunya di pertemuan kali ini coba

kita akan membahas Bagaimana menduduki

ta mendudukkan posisi kita menjadi

seorang warga negara yang baik dan benar

yo yo opo sih carane

harus ngapain sih sehingga kita bisa

menjadi warganegara

terbuka tegor ikan baik tadi

habis sebelumnya untuk memberikan Terus

siapa saja Pak Yang ngeblur hak

mendapatkan hak yang semestinya dan

siapa yang harus mengeluarkan kewajiban

yang semestinya diberikan maka alangkah

lebih baiknya jika kita bahas terlebih

dahulu tentang apa sih warganegara dan

siapa warga negara itu dan undang-undang

apa yang mengatur tentang status

kewarganegaraan seseorang Oke jumlah

kita akan coba mau lihat

di sini perbedaan berpenduduk penuturan

juga bukan penduduk kita sering

mendengar dengan telinga Cipta sopo sih

penduduk itu siapa sih bukan penduduk

itu saya punya KTP KTP kartu tanda

penduduk bukan kartu tanda

kewarganegaraan Pak

Hai kok bisa seperti itu kita coba kita

pedas satu persatu biar lebih jelas yang

pertama adalah mereka yang bertempat

tinggal dan berdomisili di tak satu

wilayah negara karena Dian dia menetap

Hai biasanya penduduk adalah mereka yang

lahir secara turun-temurun dan besar

sedangkan negara siapa saya contohnya

bapak ibu Saya orang Indonesia Saya

lahir di Indonesia Saya bertempat

tinggal ini saya bekerja Desa nanti juga

Insyaallah meninggal juga di Indonesia

akan itu

Hai maka saya ini warga NU di Indonesia

Hai anak bayi pun gak punya KTP dan

sudah jadi penduduk Indonesia karena

Bapak ibunya dia dilahirkan di sini

tinggal di sini maka dia juga tetap jadi

penduduk Indonesia

Hai lakukan berubah siapa adalah mereka

yang berada di waktu tentu wilayah

tertentu tapi tidak selamanya dan

merebut tip dia sementara itunya turis

dia kesini untuk berlibur saja dia

kesini untuk bekerja saja tetapi

dibatasi

dengan waktu tertentu

contohnya paling gampang disini adalah

membedakan antara penduduk dan bukan

penduduk adalah punya KTP Pak saya masih

SMP enggak punya KTP KTP ini selesai

salah satu saja Tapi kan banyak dokumen

yang menyatakan kamu warga negaranya apa

Kakak akibat kelahiran dan sebagainya

yang menunjukkan bahwa kamu ini Pak dan

book penduduk Indonesia yang tapi kalau

ada orang gak punya KTP ktp-nya bukan

enggak di Indonesia misalnya terus

enggak Kakak juga nggak ada di Indonesia

antara dokumen yang mengatakan di warga

negara Indonesia dia pegang paspor luar

negeri maka bisa dipastikan dia bukan

merupakan penduduk atau warga negara

Indonesia jadi secara penyebutan lebih

itu Oke kita lanjutkan

nah ini ada perbedaan rakyat berdasarkan

hubungan dengan pemerintah negara lain

sebutan secara konstitusional itu adalah

warganegara dan bukan warga negara

Hai di sekarang penduduk-penduduk untuk

warga negara bukan dengan gitu Mana

Indonesia Agungnya opo KTP

paspor Kalau

punya aku katakan bahwa Coba lihat

kakak-kakak warga negara mana WNI bisa

aja punya tetapi

warga negara asing

Nda warga negara adalah mereka yang

berdasarkan hukum tertentu merupakan

anggota dari suatu negara

atau dengan kata lain mereka yang

menuntut undang-undang atau perjanjian

diakui sebagai warga negara Desa melalui

proses yang namanya tulis Asy Pak bisa

enggak orang yang Bu Bapaknya bukan

Indonesia ibunya bukan Indonesia Bude

tantenya juga bukan sembah banyak

kakek-nenek amin tapi diorder bisa-bisa

jika orang sudah mulai satu tentu nanti

saja ada melalui jalur proses

pewarganegaraan atau sering kita sebut

naturalisasi siap akhirnya tak banyak

misalnya cuman bola Christian Gonzales

Enggak dia pemain bola Bapak ibunya

bukan orang Indonesia

kakek-neneknya orang bukan orang

Indonesia yang sekarang aja istrinya

Indonesia tapi dia melalui proses

naturalisasi

untuk bisa masuk menjadi warga negara

Indonesia dan banyak orang-orang yang

lain diluar sana

Hai Dek Bali itu banyak juga orang-orang

sudah cinta dengan kebudayaan Bali cinta

dengan orang

kebiasaan kepribadian orang Indonesia

akhirnya dia memilih untuk pindah

menjadi warga negara Indonesia pahanya

Hai berjuang Bukan siapa Pak nanti kalau

bukan di selain itu selain warga negara

apa saja Pak adalah mereka

yang berada dalam suatu negara tetapi

secara hukum tidak menjadi anggota

negara yang bersangkutan

namun orang tersebut harus tunduk tetap

patuh kepada peraturan

perundang-undangan yang diterapkan

enggak song apa misalnya Pak duta besar

orang asing tadi yang kerja orang asing

yang misalnya berlibur terus kita pesan

tempatkan di Indonesia konselor sobat

perwakilan negara sahabat yang ada di

usah mereka ini ada di sini menetap

disini

juga disini tapi untuk jangka waktu yang

dibatasi oleh

ia tidak memiliki ke apa namanya dokumen

dokumen kependudukannya mengatakan di

organisasinya nggak bisa hak dan

kewajibannya akhirnya akan berbeda

Oh ya sekarang lagi rame yang kita bahas

adalah vaksin

jatoh sekarang ada vaksin jadi saya

belum mendengar ada pemerintah Indonesia

membuat program vaksin untuk warga

negara asing tak ada orang itu

tanggungjawab kewajiban dari negaranya

mereka semua

Hai kalau misalnya kedutaan besar

Amerika menyelenggarakan vaksin khusus

untuk warga negara Amerika di Indonesia

yaitu memang benar kita nggak perlu

ngetik itu yang mungkin nanti setelah

warga negara selesai mau begitu juga

nggak papa tapi prioritas utama adalah

warga negara sendiri kemarin di

negara

yang sekarang lagi berkonflik di negara

Timur Tengah sana ketika Amerika menarik

semua tentaranya Apa yang dilakukan

negara-negara di dunia yang warga Negeri

sana Kali ini kewajibannya negara Ya

semua cepet-cepetan berlomba-lomba untuk

mengevakuasi warga negara mereka yang

ada di negara tersebut itulah Keuntungan

jadi warga negara tertentu

Hai contoh misalnya di Indonesia kita

punya warga negara dulu banyak ya Warga

Negara Indonesia yang dia di

dibayang-bayangi vonis hukuman mati di

negara karena dia terlibat coffee kasus

tapi apa yang menyeretnya warga negara

Indonesia bagaimanapun posisinya apapun

keadaannya menjadi kewajiban dari negara

dan menjadi hak dari warga negara

tersebut untuk mendapatkan perlindungan

di negara pemerintah sampai rela ngirim

tim kesana untuk menyelamatkan walaupun

jelas jadi sangat divonis lalu yang

membunuh ya atau yang lainnya tapi

karena

mereka menjadi hak untuk mendapatkan

perlindungan dan pemberian perlindungan

adalah merupakan kewajiban dari

Hai negara 23 di bawah ada lagi kitab

pernah warga negara kita disandra sama

perompak di negara tetangga

tentara negosiasi dan sebagainya

dibebaskan karena kalau kita itu satu

cuma cuma satu orang-orang aja Pak

misalnya

Biarkan saja toh nanti juga mereka

diselamatkan aja meninggal juga mereka

enggak mengurangi jumlah penduduk

Indonesia lebih meninggal seperti itu

karena mereka adalah warga negara inilah

sampai tetes darah penghabisan mereka

adalah warga negara Indonesia yang

memiliki hak dan kewajiban yang sama

seperti kita yang ada di sini

Hai dimanapun beradab

Hai ini harus kita pegang

ndak katanya

antara bu warga negara-negara itu

dibedakan berdasarkan dari hak dan

kewajibannya berbeda kerja Kamu sekarang

kerja ya ada potongan pacarnya tapi

warga negara asing yang terjadi

Indonesia Pak warga negara asing bajunya

besar Pak Iya tapi pajaknya lebih besar

mereka

berbeda dengan kita warga negara asing

the wealth rame-rame ini misalnya ada

bantuan langsung tunai BLT covert

misalnya akan warga negara asing dapat

bantuan

Hai Kanada itu bule yang S ngemis di

Bali itu misalnya yang Kakinya bengkak

itu kan walaupun tak punya yang dapat

program pemerintah itu dia bukan

warganegara Indonesia itu kewajibannya

negaranya dia akan

Hai bercerita kalau dia sudah menjadi

warga negara Indonesia maunya tuh

sisanya tadi kalau dia ada apa-apa

misalnya termasuk kategori orang miskin

ya kita wajib membantu pemerintah wajib

membantunya

Hai disinilah perbedaan yang mendasar

ada asas-asas pilihan kita asas Ius Soli

Sanguinis ini sering kita dengar raksasa

senjata ini apa ini wow akan kita

flashback ke belakang zaman sd-smp-sma

sampai-sampai Universitas kita akan

bahas ini kita flashback jadi Indonesia

pakai apa Pak nanti di belakang akan ada

stretch menjelaskan Indonesia semuanya

pakai apa sih kalau asalkan bagian

melatarbelakanginya yang menjadi

dasarnya asas yang menentukan

kewarganegaraan seseorang menurut daerah

atau negara tempat dimana ia dilahirkan

itu ya Sorry berdasarkan kepada negara

tempat ia dilahirkan

negara menganut bisa berhasil karena dan

beberapa negara yang lainnya misalnya

apa

ini setiap ane dapet beasiswa dengan

nada-nada

istri saya tiba-tiba

ternyata dalam proses perkuliahan saya

di Kanada saya melahirkan

Hai karena jarak Kanada menganut asas

Ius Soli maka anak yang dilahirkan tadi

secara otomatis akan memiliki

kewarganegaraan Kanada uh keren dengan

nilai jualnya meningkat anak saya Ketika

sekolah di bisa ayo namanya ini tempat

tinggal nyaman akan ada Wah keren dengan

seperti itu lihat kalian bulan 9 mau

melahirkan negara yang memiliki asas Ius

Soli Kesana aja nanti melahirkan disana

sampaikan pulang lagi sebel tomatis

anakmu akan milik warga negara tersebut

dan juga ada asas yang

menentukan kewarganegaraan berdasarkan

pertalian darah atau Ius Sanguinis dia

dianut oleh berapa banyak negara juga

masih menganut installnya Italy Inggris

untuk paginya misalnya ada pekerja warga

negara Inggris yang bekerja di Indonesia

terus istrinya mulai laki-laki dan

perempuan ya istrinya melahirkan di sini

Hai Walaupun dia dilahirkan di Indonesia

karena dia orang Inggris menganut asas

Ius Sanguinis maka anak tersebut tetap

menjadi warga negara Inggris

Hai Rindu tak mau lihat pokoknya anakmu

mau lahir di mana saja dia harus tetap

punya kewarganegaraan Inggris

Hai para kenegaraan

Hai sediakan sedikit kejam ya Terus

bagaimana dengan cuma contoh anak yang

berkewarganegaraan ganda ternyata orang

Inggris misalnya kita balik orang

Inggris yang lahir di Kanada itu

bagaimana akan ini

Hai jadi masalah anaknya akan lebih ada

warga negara Inggris yang menganut Ius

Sanguinis maunya anak lahir di Kanada

anak pokok lain di Kanada dikasih warga

negara Kanada ini kalau orang Inggris

lahir di Kanada eh

di thread ini tari-tarian dengan makanya

Indonesia cukup fleksibel dengan adanya

undang-undang