Vous avez dit Fake news ?
Summary
TLDRThe script discusses the rise and misuse of the term 'fake news,' initially coined for satirical websites but later hijacked to describe false information and propaganda. It highlights how figures like Donald Trump and French politicians have weaponized the term to discredit media. The script also touches on the historical context of political manipulation and the technological changes that have amplified the spread of misinformation. It concludes with initiatives like the collaboration between French media and Facebook to combat fake news, emphasizing the importance of critical thinking and source verification.
Takeaways
- đ° 'Fake news' is a term popularized by Donald Trump, used to describe false information, rumors, conspiracies, or outright lies.
- đ Initially, 'Fake News' referred to satirical websites like Le Gorafi or The Onion, which are meant to be humorous rather than factual.
- đž Fake News has evolved to include false information disseminated by websites designed to mimic legitimate news outlets for commercial clickbait or political propaganda.
- đ The term has been weaponized by figures like Trump and Florian Philippot to discredit any information that contradicts their worldview.
- đą Fake News is not a new phenomenon, but the technological context, especially the internet and social media, has amplified its impact.
- đ The proliferation of information sources and the democratization of publishing through the web have led to a loss of monopoly by traditional journalists over information production.
- đ Social media platforms, through mechanisms like retweets and shares, accelerate the spread of information, acting as echo chambers that can distort truth.
- đ€ In response to the 'Fake News' issue, French media outlets like Le Monde, AFP, and BFM TV have partnered with Facebook to combat the spread of misinformation.
- đ”ïžââïž Fact-checking teams from these media organizations have been verifying the validity of links reported by Facebook users since February 2017.
- đ To avoid falling for fake news, it's crucial to verify the reliability of information sources, read articles in full, and maintain a critical mindset.
Q & A
What does the term 'fake news' originally refer to?
-The term 'fake news' originally refers to parody websites like Le Gorafi or The Onion in the United States.
What is the dual purpose behind creating fake news by commercial sites?
-The dual purpose is to generate clicks for commercial gain and to propagate and manipulate information for activist sites, such as Breitbart News in the United States.
How has the term 'fake news' evolved in recent times?
-The term 'fake news' has evolved to be used by figures like Donald Trump and Florian Philippot to discredit any information that does not align with their worldview.
What is the role of social media in the spread of fake news?
-Social media accelerates the circulation of information and amplifies its propagation, acting as a resonating chamber, which can lead to an avalanche of false information.
What historical figure is mentioned in the script as having faced political manipulation?
-PĂ©riclĂšs, the leader of ancient Athens, is mentioned as a historical figure who had to face political manipulation.
How have the technological changes of the last 20 years affected the spread of information?
-The technological changes have led to a multiplication of sources and producers of information, with the web, blogs, and social networks allowing anyone to be their own media.
What is the impact of social media on the monopoly of journalists as information producers?
-Social media has led to journalists losing their monopoly as information producers, as anyone can now disseminate information.
Which French media outlets have partnered with Facebook to combat fake news?
-French media outlets such as Le Monde, AFP, BFM TV, and Libération have partnered with Facebook to reduce the prevalence of fake news.
What measures are being taken by these French media outlets in collaboration with Facebook?
-These media outlets have teams of fact-checkers verifying the validity of links reported by Facebook users since February 2017, and if a link is fake news, it is flagged with a warning on the social network.
What basic reflexes are suggested for citizens to avoid falling into the trap of fake news?
-Citizens should verify the reliability of the information source, read the entire article instead of just the title, and determine if they are dealing with a recognized media outlet or a militant organ.
What is the importance of maintaining a critical spirit and open eyes when dealing with information?
-Maintaining a critical spirit and open eyes is crucial to discern the authenticity of information and avoid being misled by fake news.
Outlines
đ° The Rise of 'Fake News'
The paragraph discusses the term 'fake news', popularized by Donald Trump, which is used to describe false information, rumors, conspiracies, or outright lies. It originally referred to satirical sites like Le Gorafi or The Onion. However, it evolved to include sites that mimic the appearance of real news outlets with the dual purpose of driving traffic for commercial gain or propagating political agendas and manipulation. Examples given include a false claim about the Pope supporting Trump and a French far-right rumor about Alain Juppé. The paragraph also touches on how figures like Trump and Florian Philippot use 'fake news' to discredit traditional media, equating them with politically engaged sites. The phenomenon is not new, but the technological context has changed, especially with the rise of the internet, blogs, and social media, which have democratized information dissemination and challenged the monopoly of journalists.
Mindmap
Keywords
đĄFake News
đĄInformation Warfare
đĄAlt-Right
đĄFact-Checking
đĄMedia Monopoly
đĄSocial Media
đĄDiscrediting
đĄPropaganda
đĄCredibility
đĄCritical Thinking
đĄMedia Manipulation
Highlights
The term 'fake news' has become a buzzword, popularized by Donald Trump to describe false information, rumors, conspiracies, or outright lies.
Initially, 'fake news' referred to satirical websites like Le Gorafi or The Onion.
Fake news has evolved to include false information disseminated by websites that mimic the appearance of legitimate news outlets.
The dual purpose of fake news sites is to generate clicks for commercial gain and to propagate propaganda for political sites like Breitbart.
An example of French fake news is the false claim that Alain Juppé was compromised by Islamists, shared by the far-right.
Donald Trump and Florian Philippot have used 'fake news' to discredit any information that does not align with their worldview.
The phenomenon of fake news reflects attempts to discredit traditional media and equate them with politically engaged sites.
Political manipulation is not new, but the technological context has changed, especially with the rise of the internet and social media.
In the last 20 years, there has been a multiplication of information sources and producers.
The web, blogs, and social media have allowed everyone to become their own media outlet.
Journalists have lost their monopoly on information production due to the democratization of content creation.
Social media accelerates the spread of information, acting as an amplifier for its propagation.
Eight French media outlets, including Le Monde and AFP, are collaborating with Facebook to reduce the prevalence of fake news.
Fact-checkers from these media outlets have been verifying the validity of reported links on Facebook since February 2017.
If a link is confirmed as fake news, Facebook notifies users with an alert message.
Citizens play a role in combating fake news by verifying the reliability of information sources and maintaining a critical mindset.
To avoid falling for fake news, one should always check the source's credibility, read articles in full, and determine if they are from recognized media or militant organs.
Transcripts
C'est la nouvelle expression à la mode : « fake news ».
Popularisée par Donald Trump, on l'utilise un peu à tord et à travers
pour signifier fausses informations, rumeurs, complots ou mensonges purs et simples.
à l'heure de la guerre de l'information sur les réseaux sociaux, prenons 3 minutes pour faire le point.
Ă la base, l'expression Fake News s'applique Ă des site parodiques.
types Le Gorafi, ou The Onion aux Etats-Unis.
TrÚs vite, les Fake News vont désigner ces fausses informations
diffusées par des sites qui se donnent l'apparence d'un vrai journal,
avec ses codes, sa présentation.
L'objectif est double :
faire du clic quand ce sont des sites purement commerciaux...
et pour les sites militants, comme Breibart aux Etats-Unis,
un des sites de l'alt-right, la fachosphÚre américaine,
l'objectif est la propagande et la manipulation en partageantâŠ
des fausses informations :
comme la « nouvelle » que le pape avait apporté son soutien à Donald Trump !
Du cÎté Français, la Fake News qui a fait le tour de la Toile,
c'est celle partagée par la fachosphÚre qui prétendait qu'Alain Juppé, renommé Ali pour l'occasion,
serait coupable de compromission avec l'islam intégriste.
Comme dirait Donald Trump : FAKE !
Mais ce n'est pas fini !
Les Fake News ont mĂȘme pris un nouveau sens !
Trump, ou Florian Philippot, le vice-président du FN,
désignent sous le nom de Fake News toutes les informations qui ne correspondent pas à leur vision du monde.
Le phénomÚne Fake News, si on peut l'appeler ainsi,
montre en fait la tentative par Trump ou par le FN en France,
de « discréditer les médias traditionnels et de les mettre en équivalence avec des sites
qui sont engagés dans un combat politique »,
comme l'explique Nicolas Kaciaf, sociologue des médias à Sciences Po Lille.
Mais, la manipulation politique, ça n'est pas si nouveau que ça !
MĂȘme PĂ©riclĂšs, le leader de l'AthĂšnes antique, a dĂ» y faire face.
Mais ce qui a changĂ©, câest le contexte, technologique notamment.
Depuis 20 ans, on assiste à une démultiplication des sources et des fabricants de l'information.
Avec le web, les blogs et surtout les rĂ©seaux sociaux, chacun peut ĂȘtre son propre mĂ©dia !
Mais aussi nâimporte qui.
Ainsi, les journalistes ont perdu leur monopole de producteur de l'information.
Ă cela sâajoute le fait que les rĂ©seaux sociaux,
via les retweets et les partages, accĂ©lĂšrent la circulation de lâinformation
et amplifient sa propagation, agissant comme une caisse de résonance !
Face Ă cette avalanche de fausses informations,
des solutions sont en cours d'Ă©laboration.
Huit médias français, dont Le Monde, l'AFP, BFM TV ou encore Libération,
ont décidé de collaborer avec Facebook pour réduire la présence endémique
de fausses informations sur le réseau social.
Des équipes de fact-checkers de ces médias vérifient depuis février 2017
la validité de liens qui sont signalés par les utilisateurs de Facebook.
Si le lien est effectivement une Fake News,
c'est mentionné sur le réseau social par le biais d'une phrase d'alerte.
Mais le travail repose aussi sur les Ă©paules des citoyens,
qu'ils soient passionnés d'informations ou lecteurs lambdas.
Il y a quelques réflexes de base à acquérir pour ne pas tomber dans le piÚge des fake news.
En premier lieu, toujours vérifier la fiabilité de la source de l'information.
Lire l'article en entier et ne pas se contenter du titreâŠ
essayer de déterminer si l'on a affaire à un média reconnu ou à organe militant.
En bref, toujours garder un esprit critique, et les yeux bien ouverts !
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