History of ISRO | A Journey from Bicycle to Sun | Aditya L1 | UPSC | Drishti IAS

Drishti IAS

6 Sept 202411:02

Summary

TLDRThis video explores the remarkable journey of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), which began 60 years ago with limited resources and has now achieved global recognition. Starting with early space research by Indian scientists, ISRO's story includes its humble beginnings, the launch of India's first satellite Aryabhata, and significant achievements such as the Chandrayaan and Mangalyaan missions. The video highlights ISRO's groundbreaking accomplishments in space exploration, including the recent Aditya L1 mission to study the Sun, and emphasizes the organization's pivotal role in advancing India's space program.

Takeaways

🚀 The journey of India's space program began 60 years ago with a bicycle and has now reached the vicinity of the Sun, Mars, and the Moon.
🌟 The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is one of the world's leading space agencies, known for its cost-effective and successful space missions.
📚 Space research in India started in the 1920s with notable contributions from Indian scientists like Meghnad Saha and C.V. Raman.
🏆 Dr. Vikram Sarabhai is credited with laying the foundation for India's space program and the establishment of ISRO.
🚀 The Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS) was established in 1963, marking the beginning of India's space journey.
📡 Aryabhata, India's first satellite, was successfully launched in 1975, marking a significant milestone for ISRO.
🌐 INSAT, India's first national satellite system, revolutionized communication in the country and continues to provide essential services.
🚀 PSLV, India's third-generation launch vehicle, has been a workhorse for ISRO, launching numerous Indian and foreign satellites.
🌕 Chandrayaan-1 mission in 2008 discovered water on the Moon, enhancing ISRO's global reputation as a successful space agency.
🔥 Mangalyaan, India's Mars Orbiter Mission, was a low-cost and highly successful mission, making India the fourth space agency to reach Mars.
🌞 Aditya-L1 mission, launched in 2023, aims to study the Sun's atmosphere and its effects, further expanding India's expertise in space research.

Q & A

What is the significance of the journey that started 60 years ago on a bicycle?
-The journey symbolizes the humble beginnings of India's space program, which has now successfully reached the Moon and Mars, showcasing India's commitment and determination in space exploration.
When did research in space start in India?
-Space research in India began in the 1920s, with notable contributions from scientists like Meghnad Saha and C.V. Raman.
Who are the two prominent Indian scientists credited with initiating organized space research in India?
-Dr. Homi J. Bhabha and Dr. Vikram Sarabhai are credited with initiating organized space research in India.
What was the name of the first sounding rocket launched by India, and how was it transported to the launch station?
-The first sounding rocket launched by India was transported to the Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station on a bicycle.
In which year was the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) established?
-ISRO was established on August 15, 1969, replacing the earlier Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR).
What was the name of India's first satellite, and when was it launched?
-India's first satellite was named Aryabhata, after the ancient Indian mathematician-astronomer, and it was launched on April 19, 1975.
What is the significance of the INSAT satellite system launched by ISRO?
-INSAT is India's first geostationary satellite system, providing communication, television broadcasting, meteorological services, and disaster warning services.
What is PSLV, and how has it contributed to ISRO's success?
-PSLV, or Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle, is a medium-lift launch vehicle designed to enable India to launch its Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellites into Sun-synchronous orbits. It has been instrumental in launching numerous Indian and foreign satellites, earning ISRO a reputation as a reliable launch service provider.
What was the Chandrayaan-1 mission's major achievement?
-The Chandrayaan-1 mission's major achievement was the discovery of water on the Moon, which was a significant milestone in lunar exploration.
What is the Mars Orbiter Mission, and what was its significance for India's space program?
-The Mars Orbiter Mission, also known as Mangalyaan, was India's first interplanetary mission to Mars. Its success made ISRO the fourth space agency to reach Mars and the first to do so in its maiden attempt, marking a significant achievement for India's space program.
How did ISRO's mission to the southern pole of the Moon, Chandrayaan-3, differ from its previous lunar missions?
-Chandrayaan-3 aimed to land a lander and rover in the southern polar region of the Moon, an area of scientific interest due to its potential for water ice deposits and unexplored terrain.
What is the Aditya-L1 mission, and what are its objectives?
-The Aditya-L1 mission is designed to study the Sun's corona and its effects. It aims to enhance our understanding of solar phenomena and their impact on space weather.

Outlines

00:00

🚀 Journey of ISRO from Bicycle to Mars Mission

The paragraph narrates the inspiring story of the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), highlighting its humble beginnings on a bicycle 60 years ago to reaching near the Sun, Mars, and the Moon today. It discusses the establishment of ISRO, the initial challenges faced, and the significant contributions of Indian scientists like Dr. Vikram Sarabhai. The paragraph also touches upon ISRO's first rocket launch from Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station and the evolution of India's space program, emphasizing the dedication of scientists and engineers who have played a crucial role in making ISRO one of the world's leading space agencies.

05:03

🛰️ Milestones of ISRO: Satellites, Launch Vehicles, and Missions

This paragraph delves into ISRO's remarkable achievements, starting with the launch of India's first satellite, Aryabhata, in 1975. It discusses the INSAT series of communication satellites and the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV), which has become a reliable launch vehicle for both Indian and international satellites. The paragraph also covers ISRO's successful lunar and Mars missions, including Chandrayaan-1 and Mangalyaan, which have placed India among the world's elite space-faring nations. The development of cryogenic engine technology and the record-breaking launch of 104 satellites in a single mission are also highlighted, showcasing ISRO's innovation and expertise in space exploration.

10:03

🌟 ISRO's Future Endeavors and Global Recognition

The final paragraph emphasizes ISRO's continued success and the bright future of India's space program. It mentions the development of the NavIC system, providing India with an independent navigation system. The paragraph also discusses the commercial branch of ISRO, Antrix Corporation, which has played a significant role in the global market by launching foreign satellites. The upcoming Chandrayaan-3 and Aditya-L1 missions are highlighted, indicating ISRO's commitment to lunar and solar research. The paragraph concludes by expressing confidence in ISRO's ability to achieve greater heights and bring glory to India through its space endeavors.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡ISRO

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is the primary space agency of the Government of India, responsible for the nation's space, planetary, and lunar exploration programs. It plays a central role in the video's narrative, showcasing India's advancements in space technology. The script mentions ISRO's journey from humble beginnings to significant achievements like launching satellites and interplanetary missions.

💡Space Exploration

Space exploration refers to the ongoing discovery and investigation of outer space by both human and robotic means. The video script chronicles India's journey in space exploration, starting from the first satellite launch to the Mars Orbiter Mission and the Chandrayaan missions, highlighting the country's growing capabilities in this field.

💡Satellite

A satellite is an artificial object intentionally placed into orbit around the Earth or another celestial body. The script refers to India's first satellite, Aryabhata, and subsequent satellite launches, emphasizing the role of satellites in communication, remote sensing, and meteorology.

💡Mars Orbiter Mission

The Mars Orbiter Mission, also known as Mangalyaan, is India's first interplanetary mission to Mars. The video highlights the mission's success, which marked ISRO as the fourth space agency to reach Mars and the first to do so in its maiden attempt, showcasing India's cost-effective space program.

💡Chandrayaan

Chandrayaan refers to India's lunar exploration program, with the script mentioning Chandrayaan-1 and Chandrayaan-2 missions. These missions have been instrumental in studying the moon's surface and discovering water on the moon, contributing to global scientific knowledge.

💡PSLV

The Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) is a medium-lift launch vehicle designed by ISRO. It is referred to in the script as ISRO's 'workhorse' due to its reliability and success in launching multiple satellites, both Indian and foreign, into various orbits.

💡Cryogenic Engine

A cryogenic engine is a type of rocket engine that uses cryogenic fuels, which are stored at extremely low temperatures. The script discusses ISRO's development of cryogenic engines, which are critical for launching heavier satellites into geostationary orbit, marking a significant technological advancement.

💡Navigation Satellite

Navigation satellites are used for positioning and navigation purposes. The script mentions the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS), now known as NavIC, which provides accurate position information and is a testament to India's move towards self-reliance in space-based navigation.

💡Astrosat

Astrosat, mentioned in the script, is India's first multi-wavelength space observatory, designed for studying celestial objects. It represents ISRO's commitment to advancing astronomical research and enhancing India's capabilities in space science.

💡Aditya L1

Aditya L1 refers to India's first mission dedicated to solar studies, as mentioned in the script. The mission aims to study the sun's corona and its impact on space weather, demonstrating India's growing expertise in heliophysics and space weather prediction.

💡Space Technology

Space technology encompasses the development and application of technology in space exploration and utilization. The video script illustrates how ISRO's advancements in space technology have enabled India to achieve significant milestones, such as launching multiple satellites in a single mission and developing indigenous launch vehicles.

Highlights

The journey of success depends not on where you start, but on how strong your commitment to success is.

The story of a success that began 60 years ago with a bicycle and today has reached near the Sun, Mars, and the Moon.

We will learn about the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), one of the world's leading space agencies.

ISRO's establishment and how it started its journey from a bicycle to successfully reaching Mars and the Moon.

Space research in India began in the 1920s with notable contributions from Indian scientists like Meghnad Saha and C.V. Raman.

The organized space research in India is credited to Dr. Homi Bhabha and Dr. Vikram Sarabhai.

ISRO was initially known as the Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR).

The Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS) was established in 1963 near the magnetic equator.

India's first sounding rocket was launched on November 21, 1963, from TERLS.

The first Indian satellite, Aryabhata, was launched in 1975, named after the ancient Indian mathematician and astronomer.

ISRO has launched several satellites for communication, remote sensing, and weather science.

INSAT, the Indian National Satellite system, is one of the largest domestic communication satellite systems in the Asia-Pacific region.

PSLV, the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle, is the third generation launch vehicle of India and the first to use liquid stages.

ISRO's Mars Orbiter Mission, also known as Mangalyaan, attracted global attention and established ISRO as one of the world's successful space agencies.

ISRO developed the most important cryogenic engine for the future, tested successfully in 2017.

In 2017, ISRO set a record by launching 104 satellites in one mission, including 101 foreign satellites.

NavIC, the Indian Navigation Satellite System, provides India with an independent and accurate navigation system.

ISRO's commercial arm, Antrix Corporation, has gained a significant position in the global market by launching foreign satellites.

Chandrayaan-3 mission was sent to the south pole of the Moon in 2023, marking a partial success of Chandrayaan-2.

Aditya-L1 mission, launched in September 2023, studies the Sun's atmosphere and its effects.

ISRO's efforts have placed India among the world's most successful space research nations.

With strong willpower, excellent strategy, and skilled scientists, ISRO has established itself as a successful and powerful organization.