Pengantar Bisnis (Introduction to Business) - Sesi 5

Summary

This video script discusses various legal business forms in Indonesia, including sole proprietorships, partnerships (Firma), limited liability companies (CV), public companies (PT), state-owned enterprises (BUMN), and cooperatives. It highlights the advantages and disadvantages of each form, such as ease of establishment, professional management, and liability sharing. The script also touches on public legal entities like BUMD and BUMN, explaining their roles in providing public services and their economic impact.

Takeaways

• 🏢 The script discusses various legal business forms in Indonesia, highlighting their significance for business success.
• 👤 'Usaha Perseorangan' is a sole proprietorship owned by an individual, with the advantage of ease in establishment and dissolution, but its continuity is heavily reliant on the owner.
• 🤝 'Firma' is a partnership business form where two or more individuals contribute capital and manage the business collectively, with a professional management system but joint liability for debts and legal issues.
• 📈 'CV' or 'Commanditaire Vennootschap' is a limited partnership where partners can be active in management or passive investors, offering easier access to capital but with the risk of reliance on active partners.
• 🌐 'Perseroan Terbatas' (PT) is a limited liability company with a guaranteed continuity of operations and separation of personal and company assets, but it involves higher costs and complexities in establishment.
• 🏭 'BUMN' (State-Owned Enterprises) are businesses owned by the state, aimed at public welfare and sectoral needs, with two main forms: 'BBM' (public companies) and 'Persero' (public limited companies).
• 🤝 'Koperasi' is a cooperative business form based on the principle of mutual aid, with members acting as owners, investors, and consumers, and decisions made on a 'One Member One Vote' basis.
• 🏥 'Badan Hukum Milik Negara' includes 'Badan Layanan Umum' (Public Service Institutions) which provide public services without profit and 'Badan Hukum Negara' (State Legal Entities) which are more autonomous and can set their own tariffs.
• 💼 The script emphasizes the importance of choosing the right business form based on the nature of the business, the liability of the owners, and the operational management structure.
• 📚 Understanding the legal forms of business is crucial for entrepreneurs to make informed decisions regarding the structure and sustainability of their ventures.

Q & A

What are the common types of business structures in Indonesia?

The common types of business structures in Indonesia include individual businesses, partnerships (Firma), limited partnerships (CV), limited liability companies (Perseroan Terbatas or PT), state-owned enterprises (BUMN), and cooperatives.

What is an individual business and what are its advantages and disadvantages?

An individual business is a form of enterprise owned by a single entrepreneur. Its advantages include ease of establishment and dissolution, and the freedom to operate without government intervention. The disadvantages are that the continuity of the business heavily depends on the owner, and if the owner cannot manage it well, the business may cease to exist, affecting the owner's personal wealth.

How does a partnership (Firma) differ from an individual business, and what are its pros and cons?

A partnership (Firma) is a business association formed by two or more individuals who agree to co-own a business. Unlike an individual business, it requires a partnership agreement. Advantages include a larger initial capital due to the partnership, and more professional management due to clear division of tasks. The cons are that all partners are jointly liable for the firm's losses and legal issues, which can affect all members.

What is a limited partnership (CV) and how does it function?

A limited partnership (CV) is a business entity established by two or more partners, with a distinction between active partners who manage the business and passive partners who only contribute capital. The advantage is that it is easier to grow as it can more easily obtain capital from banks and can be managed by professionals. The disadvantage is that the continuity of the business depends on the active partners, and the capital contributed by passive partners is harder to withdraw.

What is a limited liability company (PT) and what are its main features?

A limited liability company (PT) is a legal entity with a capital divided into shares. It is established based on an agreement and conducts business activities with a certain capital. Its features include guaranteed continuity of life, separation of owner's assets from company assets, and professional management. However, it is more costly and complex to establish.

What is the difference between a public company (Tbk) and a private limited liability company (PT)?

A public company (Tbk) is a type of PT that has offered its shares to the public or meets certain criteria. It is required to disclose its name with 'Tbk'. A private PT, on the other hand, does not offer its shares to the public and does not have the 'Tbk' designation.

What is a state-owned enterprise (BUMN) and what are its purposes?

A state-owned enterprise (BUMN) is a business owned by the state, established to achieve public welfare and meet various public needs. It operates with the state's wealth and is separate from the state's general wealth.

How are cooperatives defined and what are their main activities?

Cooperatives are business entities formed by individuals based on the cooperative principle and functioning as a people's economic movement. They are involved in various activities such as production, savings and loans, consumption, services, and general business. Decision-making in cooperatives is based on the 'One Member One Vote' principle.

What are the two types of state legal entities and how do they differ?

There are two types of state legal entities: Badan Layanan Umum (Public Service Entities) and Badan Hukum Milik Negara (State-Owned Legal Entities). Badan Layanan Umum is more akin to public service corporations and cannot profit from the services they provide. Badan Hukum Milik Negara is more similar to state-owned enterprises and can set their own tariffs for services.

How are the tariffs for state-owned legal entities determined?

The tariffs for state-owned legal entities are determined by the entity itself but must consult with the relevant ministry. The tariffs are set considering the economic progress, the students or parents who pay for the students, and other factors.

What are the assets of state-owned legal entities and how are they managed?

The assets of state-owned legal entities are considered as assets of the state that are separated. These assets, such as land under the control of a state-owned enterprise, are managed by the entity but are owned by the state.

Outlines

00:00

🏢 Business Legal Forms in Indonesia

This paragraph introduces various legal forms of businesses in Indonesia, emphasizing the importance of choosing the right form for business success. It discusses individual businesses, partnerships (Firma), limited partnerships (CV), and limited liability companies (Perseroan Terbatas or PT). Individual businesses are owned by a single entrepreneur, with the advantage of ease in establishment and dissolution but are vulnerable to the owner's capabilities. Partnerships involve two or more individuals contributing capital and sharing profits and losses, with a more substantial initial capital and a professional management system but come with joint liability for debts and legal issues. Limited partnerships have active and passive partners, with the former managing the business and the latter only contributing capital, offering easier access to bank capital but with reliance on active partners for business continuity. Lastly, limited liability companies are legal entities with share capital, ensuring business continuity beyond individual owners and are more accessible to capital but require significant initial costs and adherence to legal and social responsibilities.

05:01

🌐 Public and Cooperative Businesses in Indonesia

The second paragraph delves into public companies (PT), state-owned enterprises (BUMN), and cooperatives. Public companies are legal entities with share capital, which can be listed on the stock exchange, indicated by 'Tbk', and are subject to paying taxes and fulfilling social and environmental responsibilities. State-owned enterprises are categorized into two types: BUMN and BUMD, with the former focusing on public services and the latter resembling private companies but with state ownership. BUMNs are not profit-oriented and operate based on efficiency, while BUMDs can set their tariffs and are more autonomous. Cooperatives are member-owned businesses based on the principle of 'one member, one vote', engaging in various economic activities such as production, savings and loans, consumption, services, and comprehensive businesses. They are distinct from other business forms and operate on principles of mutual aid and democratic member control.

10:02

🏛️ Legal Entities and State-Owned Assets

The final paragraph touches on other legal entities owned by the state, which are categorized based on their functions and the services they provide. These entities include public service institutions like hospitals and universities, which are funded by the state budget (APBN) and are not profit-oriented. The paragraph also distinguishes between assets owned by BUMN, which are considered state assets, and assets owned by BUMD, which are separate and may include land and other resources. The video concludes with a thank you note to the viewers, hoping the information was useful, and an invitation to watch more videos on the topic.

Keywords

💡Business Form

Business form refers to the legal structure under which a business operates. In the video, various forms are discussed such as sole proprietorship, partnership, limited liability company, and corporations. Each form has its own legal implications, advantages, and disadvantages, which are crucial for the success and management of a business.

💡Sole Proprietorship

A sole proprietorship is a business owned by one individual. It is characterized by the ease of establishment and dissolution, as mentioned in the script. However, its continuity is highly dependent on the owner, and any failure can impact the owner's personal wealth. The video uses this term to illustrate the simplest form of business organization.

💡Partnership (Firma)

A partnership, or 'Firma' in Indonesian context, is a business entity formed by two or more individuals who agree to share profits and losses. Partners contribute capital and may be actively involved in the business. The video highlights the benefits of shared ownership and management, as well as the risks of joint liability for debts and legal issues.

💡Commanditaire Vennootschap (CV)

Commanditaire Vennootschap (CV) is a type of partnership where there are active and passive partners. Active partners manage the business, while passive partners contribute capital without being involved in management. The video explains that CVs can more easily obtain capital and have professional management, which can lead to better business growth.

💡Perseroan Terbatas (PT)

Perseroan Terbatas (PT) translates to Limited Liability Company. It is a corporate entity with shareholders who have limited liability for the company's debts. The video emphasizes the benefits of a PT, such as guaranteed continuity, separation of personal and company assets, and easier access to capital, which are essential for business expansion and stability.

💡Public Company

A public company is a type of corporation that has offered its shares for sale to the general public. The video mentions that such companies are called 'terbuka' in Indonesian and have 'Tbk' appended to their names. Public companies are subject to more stringent regulations and are required to disclose more information to the public.

💡State-Owned Enterprise (BUMN)

State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN) are businesses where the capital is owned by the state. They are established to serve public interests and fulfill societal needs. The video discusses how BUMNs operate with a focus on public welfare rather than profit maximization, highlighting their role in providing essential services.

💡Cooperative

A cooperative is a business form where members contribute capital and participate in the ownership, management, and benefits of the enterprise. The video explains that cooperatives operate on principles of mutual aid and are involved in various sectors, including production, credit, consumption, and services. They are democratically managed with a 'one member, one vote' system.

💡Legal Entity

A legal entity is an organization that is recognized by law to have rights and responsibilities. The video discusses different types of legal entities, such as corporations and cooperatives, which have distinct legal statuses and obligations, including the separation of personal and business assets.

💡Capital

Capital in the context of the video refers to the funds or assets used to start or expand a business. It is a critical component for business operations and growth. The video explains how different business forms have different requirements and sources for capital, which can impact their success and sustainability.

💡Corporate Governance

Corporate governance pertains to the system of rules, practices, and processes by which a company is directed and controlled. The video touches on how certain business forms, like CVs and PTs, can have more professional management structures, which can lead to better corporate governance and business performance.

Highlights

Business forms play a crucial role in the success of a business.

Common business forms in Indonesia include sole proprietorship, partnership, limited liability company (LLC), state-owned enterprises (BUMN), and cooperatives.

Sole proprietorship is owned by an individual with the freedom to establish the business but is limited by the owner's capability.

Partnership (Firma) involves two or more people with shared ownership and management responsibilities.

Limited liability companies (CV) can be established by two or more people with a division of active and passive partners.

Joint-stock companies (Perseroan Terbatas or PT) are legal entities with share capital, offering continuity and limited liability for shareholders.

Public companies (terbuka) are PTs that have offered shares to the public and are subject to additional regulations.

State-owned enterprises (BUMN) are established to serve public welfare and meet societal needs across various sectors.

Cooperatives are member-owned businesses based on the principle of mutual aid and are involved in diverse economic activities.

Cooperative decision-making is based on 'one member, one vote', emphasizing equality among members.

State-owned legal entities are categorized into public service institutions and autonomous institutions, each with different operational principles.

Public service institutions must operate efficiently and effectively without profit as their primary goal.

Autonomous institutions have more flexibility in setting tariffs and fees for their services.

The assets of state-owned legal entities are considered national assets, separate from tax revenues.

The video aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of various business forms and their legal implications.

Each business form has its advantages and disadvantages, which are crucial for entrepreneurs to consider when starting a business.

Transcripts

Hai semuanya Di

hai hai

Hai kembali lagi dalam Masih papan

online courses pengantar bisnis hari ini

kita akan membahas terkait dengan bentuk

hukum dan kerjasama bisnis ribuan bisnis

dibangun setiap tahunnya bisnis-bisnis

tersebut memiliki beragam bentuk hukum

menentukan bentuk hukum dari sebuah

bisnis berperan penting untuk kesuksesan

dari bisnis itu sendiri ada beberapa

bentuk bisnis yang umumnya dikenal di

Indonesia yaitu bentuk usaha

perseorangan Firma CV perseroan terbatas

atau PT BUMN dan koperasi usaha

perseorangan adalah suatu bentuk usaha

atau perusahaan yang dimiliki oleh

pengusaha perseorangan atau individu

kebebasan untuk mendirikan suatu usaha

perseorangan membuat siapa saja

tapi untuk mendirikan badan usaha

sendiri tanpa adanya campur tangan dari

pemerintah kelebihan dari usaha

perseorangan adalah proses pendiriannya

relatif mudah begitu juga pembubarannya

akan tetapi kekurangannya adalah

keberlangsungan usaha tersebut sangat

tergantung pada pemiliknya sehingga

apabila pemilik tidak mampu menjalankan

usahanya dengan baik perusahaan akan

berhenti dan akan merugikan kekayaan

pribadi pemilik Firma adalah bentuk

usaha persekutuan untuk menjalankan

usaha antara dua orang atau lebih dengan

memakai nama bersama pemilik Firma

terdiri dari beberapa orang yang

bersekutu dan masing-masing anggota

persekutuan menyerahkan kekayaan pribadi

sesuai yang tercantum dalam akta

pendirian perusahaan kelebihan dari

firma adalah modal awal untuk membangun

Firma

besar karena berasal dari patungan

setiap anggota yang tergabung dalam

Firma Selain itu sistem pengelolaan

badan usaha Firma lebih profesional

karena adanya pembagian tugas yang jelas

kekurangan dari firma adalah jika ada

satu anggota firma yang mengalami

kerugian maka semua anggota lain harus

ikut menanggungnya begitu juga jika satu

anggota terkena kasus hukum maka anggota

lain pun dapat terseret ke dalamnya

contoh dari firma adalah Firma atau

konsultan hukum CV merupakan singkatan

dari komanditer fenol cat save juga

merupakan sebuah Badan Usaha yang

didirikan oleh dua orang atau lebih

namun yang membedakannya dengan Firma

adalah dalam CV ada pembagian terkait

Tatar dan

CV partner bisa dibagi menjadi dua jenis

yaitu partner aktif dan paper pasif

faktor aktif adalah partner yang

menjalankan perusahaan dan memiliki hak

melakukan perjanjian dengan pihak ketiga

sedangkan pasar pasif adalah faktor yang

hanya menyerahkan modal persekutuan dan

tidak tercampur dalam kepengurusan

maupun kegiatan perusahaan kelebihan

dari CV adalah lebih mudah berkembang

karena bentuk usaha CV cenderung lebih

mudah mendapatkan modal dari perbankan

dan manajemennya dapat diisi oleh

profesional sehingga pengelolaannya

lebih baik berkurang dari CV adalah

profesional CV tergantung pada partner

aktif yang bertindak sebagai pemimpin

sehingga keberlangsungan hidup

perusahaan tidak menentu dan modal yang

sudah disetorkan partner pasif akan

lebih sulit untuk ditarik kembali

Hai perseroan terbatas menurut

undang-undang perseroan terbatas Nomor

40 Tahun 2007 Pasal 1 pengertian

perseroan terbatas adalah badan hukum

yang memiliki persekutuan modal

didirikan berdasarkan perjanjian

melakukan kegiatan usaha dengan modal

besar yang seluruhnya terbagi dalam

saham dan memenuhi persyaratan yang

ditetapkan undang-undang ini Serta

peraturan pelaksanaannya kelebihan dari

perseroan terbatas adalah PT merupakan

badan hukum sehingga keberlangsungan

hidupnya terjamin meskipun terjadi

pergantian pemilik Selain itu karena

terdapat pemisahan harta pemilik dengan

harta perusahaan perseroan terbatas

lebih mudah untuk memperoleh modal

pengelolaannya pun dilakukan secara

specialist sehingga penggunanya lebih

efektif dan efisien kekurangan dari

ini ialah proses pendiriannya memakan

biaya yang besar dan prosesnya lebih

sulit Selain itu PT juga harus

mengalokasikan Bagian pendapatannya

untuk membayar pajak juga melaksanakan

tanggung jawab sosial dan lingkungan PT

yang telah melakukan penawaran umum

saham atau memenuhi kriteria sebagai

perusahaan publik disebut perusahaan

terbuka sehingga di belakang nama

diumumkan kata Tbk yang merupakan

kepanjangan dari terbuka sebagai contoh

PT Astra Argo Lestari Tbk b um bentuk

usaha lainnya adalah BUMD atau Badan

Usaha Milik Negara www adalah suatu

badan usaha dimana modalnya dimiliki

oleh negara yang berasal dari kekayaan

negara yang dipisahkan PWM didirikan

dengan tujuan untuk mewujudkan

kesejahteraan masyarakat dan memenuhi

kebutuhan masyarakat diberbagai sektor

terdapat dua bentuk film yang pertama

adalah perusahaan umum yaitu BBM yang

modalnya tidak terbagi atas saham dan

yang kedua perusahaan perseroan yaitu

film yang modalnya terbagi atas

saham-saham secara kasatmata weren't

atau bukan akan segera terlihat dari

namanya yakni di belakang namanya

dibutuhkan kata Persero sebut saja PT

Pertamina Persero atau PT pelabuhan

indonesia Persero seperti halnya

perusahaan terbuka PLN telah melakukan

penawaran umum saham di belakang namanya

akan ditimbulkan kata Tbk misalnya PT

Wijaya Karya Tbk

Hai koperasi-koperasi adalah bentuk

usaha yang berbeda dibandingkan dengan

yang lain menurut undang-undang Nomor 25

Tahun 1992 pengertian koperasi adalah

badan usaha yang beranggotakan

orang-orang disebut koperasi primer atau

badan hukum koperasi disebut koperasi

sekunder dengan melandaskan kegiatannya

berdasarkan prinsip koperasi sekaligus

sebagai gerakan ekonomi rakyat yang

berdasar atas azas kekeluargaan dalam

koperasi seluruh anggota menjadi pemilik

pemberi modal konsumen sekaligus yang

menjalankan usaha tersebut ada berbagai

jenis operasi seperti operasi produksi

koperasi simpan pinjam koperasi konsumsi

koperasi jasa dan koperasi serba usaha

pengambilan keputusan di koperasi

dilakukan berdasarkan One Man One vote

bukan once once the

Hai badan hukum Lainnya milik negara

oleh karena negara punya kewajiban

menyediakan layanan jasa publik seperti

kesehatan pendidikan dan lainnya negara

membedakan atas dua jenis bentuk hukum

yaitu Badan Layanan Umum Badan Layanan

Umum lebih mirip dengan badan hukum

perusahaan jawatan Badan Layanan Umum

tidak boleh mengambil keuntungan dari

layanan yang disediakan dan dijualnya

sehingga penetapan harga jualnya atau

pricing adalah etos dan Dalam melakukan

kegiatannya didasarkan pada prinsip

efisiensi efektivitas dan produktivitas

Contoh beberapa blue adalah rumah sakit

rumah sakit yang dimiliki oleh negara

dan beberapa perguruan tinggi negeri

seperti misalnya Universitas Terbuka

APBN dan APBD dan seluruh pendapatannya

merupakan pendapatan negara yang kedua

badan hukum milik negara dalam hal

otonomi jika Belu lebih mirip dengan

perusahaan jawatan bhmn lebih mirip

dengan BUMD badan hukum milik negara

menetapkan tarif biaya pendidikan

berdasarkan pedoman teknis penetapan

tarif yang ditetapkan oleh menteri dalam

penetapan tarif misalnya PTN badan hukum

wajib berkonsultasi dengan Menteri tarif

biaya pendidikan ditetapkan dengan

mempertimbangkan kemajuan ekonomi

mahasiswa orang tua mahasiswa atau pihak

lain yang membiayai mahasiswa pendapatan

badan hukum milik negara adalah bukan

merupakan pnbp atau penerimaan negara

bukan pajak dari segi aset-aset yang

diperoleh oleh bhmn

menjadi aset bhmn yang merupakan aset

negara yang dipisahkan sementara aset

berupa tanah yang berada dalam

penguasaan PLN yang diperoleh dari APBN

merupakan barang milik negara Terima

kasih telah menonton video ini semoga

materi yang disampaikan bermanfaat bagi

anda sampai jumpa pada video lainnya

please