Sering Lihat Tapi Gak Tau Proses Pembentukannya? Begini Cara Pembuatan Semen Dari Awal Hingga Akhir
Summary
TLDRThis video script explores the surplus production of cement in Indonesia in 2021, highlighting the issue of 45 million tons of unsold cement. It delves into the production process of cement, detailing the extraction of raw materials like limestone and clay, their processing in factories, and the subsequent steps including homogenization, mixing, and calcination. The script also touches on the historical origins of cement, dating back to ancient civilizations, and its evolution into the modern product we know today. The video concludes with a reminder of the importance of cement in various construction projects.
Takeaways
- π Indonesia's cement industry faced overproduction in 2021, with 45 million tons of cement unsold and left in warehouses.
- π The main ingredients for cement production are limestone and clay, sourced from natural mines, with Tuban in East Java and Rembang in Central Java being key limestone producers.
- π₯ The extraction of limestone involves the use of explosives, requiring expert handling to prevent accidents and damage.
- π¨ At the factory, the large limestone is crushed into smaller pieces to facilitate processing, resulting in a homogenized material.
- π¬ Quality control is a critical step, where the factory assesses the quality of the main materials, which can vary from just clay to more processed forms.
- π€ The process is highly mechanized for safety, with limited human access to prevent accidents, such as being hit by limestone spray.
- π The mixing phase involves a giant machine that blends the materials with additional ingredients like iron ore and sand to achieve the desired structure.
- π₯ The burning process uses a special type of kiln that can reach temperatures up to 2000 degrees Celsius, which is crucial for cement production.
- π± To reduce CO2 emissions, cement factories often use alternative fuels instead of fossil fuels, such as wood or even waste.
- β»οΈ After burning, the material is cooled down to 100 degrees Celsius, which is considered an efficient temperature for the next steps in the process.
- π The final product undergoes quality control testing, including tests for setting time, strength, and consistency when mixed with water.
Q & A
What was the reported surplus production in the Indonesian cement industry at the end of 2021?
-The reported surplus production in the Indonesian cement industry at the end of 2021 was 116 million tons, of which only 71.72 million tons were sold, leaving approximately 45 million tons unused.
What are the main raw materials used in the production of cement?
-The main raw materials used in the production of cement are limestone and clay, which are obtained from natural quarries such as mountains.
Which regions in Indonesia are known for limestone production?
-In Indonesia, the main regions known for limestone production are Tuban in East Java, and Rembang in Central Java.
How is limestone extracted from the quarry?
-Limestone is extracted from the quarry using explosives in a controlled manner by experts to ensure that the blasting does not cause damage to the mine or result in casualties.
What happens to the limestone once it arrives at the cement factory?
-Upon arrival at the cement factory, the large limestone is crushed into smaller pieces to facilitate further processing.
What is the role of quality control in the cement production process?
-Quality control plays a crucial role in evaluating the quality of the main materials at various stages of the production process, ensuring that the materials meet the factory standards.
What is the purpose of the homogenization process in cement production?
-The homogenization process ensures that the main materials are uniformly mixed, which is essential for maintaining the consistency of the final product.
What is the significance of the silo machine in the cement production process?
-The silo machine is responsible for regulating the chemical and physical properties of the product, ensuring that the properties remain consistent throughout the production.
Why do cement factories use alternative fuels for the calcination process?
-Cement factories use alternative fuels for the calcination process to reduce the use of fossil fuels, which can increase CO2 emissions and are harmful to the environment.
What happens to the cement after it is cooled down from 1000 degrees Celsius to 100 degrees Celsius?
-After the cement is cooled down from 1000 degrees Celsius to 100 degrees Celsius, it undergoes a second mixing process with gypsum and other materials, depending on the type of cement being produced.
How is the quality of cement tested before it is packaged for use?
-The quality of cement is tested by assessing its setting time, compressive strength, and ability to harden when mixed with water. If it does not pass the tests, the cement is re-mixed in the second mixing stage rather than being discarded to avoid loss.
What is the historical origin of cement as a binding material?
-Cement has been known as a binding material since ancient times, including in ancient Greek, Roman, and Egyptian civilizations. It was used in various historical sites such as Borobudur and the Great Wall of China.
Outlines
π Cement Production in Indonesia
The script discusses the overproduction of cement in Indonesia by the end of 2021, where 116 million tons were produced but only 71.72 million tons were sold, leaving about 45 million tons unused. It then delves into the process of cement production in factories. The primary materials are limestone and clay, sourced from natural mines like those in Tuban, East Java, and Rembang, Central Java. The limestone is extracted using explosives, a process that requires expertise to prevent accidents. After extraction, the limestone is transported to the factory where it's crushed into smaller pieces for easier processing. The crushed material undergoes quality control checks before entering the mixing stage with other materials like iron ore sand and crushed rock. The mixture is then processed in a silo to ensure consistent chemical and physical properties, including the setting time of the cement. The cement is then burned at high temperatures, up to 2018 degrees Celsius, using alternative fuels to reduce CO2 emissions. After burning, the material is cooled to 100 degrees Celsius for efficient storage.
π The History and Use of Cement
This paragraph continues the discussion on cement by exploring its historical use as a binder since ancient Greek, Roman, and Egyptian times. Although not referred to as cement, similar binders made from gypsum, limestone, and volcanic ash were used in historical sites like Borobudur and the Great Wall of China. The script mentions that the exact history of cement is uncertain, but its earliest known use was around 1100 to 1500 CE by the Romans, who called it pozzolana. The material was later developed into modern cement by English engineer George Stephenson in the 18th century and further popularized by Joseph Aspdin in 1824, who named it Portland cement due to its similarity to limestone found on the Isle of Portland in England. The script concludes by humorously relating the historical significance of cement to its modern use in building dreams and homes.
Mindmap
Keywords
π‘Overproduction
π‘Cement Production
π‘Limestone
π‘Quarrying
π‘Quality Control
π‘Homogenization
π‘Mixing
π‘Silos
π‘Calcination
π‘Clinker
π‘Packaging
π‘Cement History
Highlights
Indonesia experienced an overproduction in the cement industry in 2021, with 116 million tons produced but only 71.72 million tons sold.
Cement is one of the most used components in construction.
The main materials for cement production are limestone and clay, sourced from natural mines.
The main producer of limestone in Indonesia is the Tuban, East Java, and Rembang areas in Central Java.
Limestone extraction involves the use of explosives, requiring expert handling to prevent accidents.
After blasting, limestone is transported to the factory where it is crushed into smaller pieces for processing.
Quality control is a crucial part of the production process, with assessments ranging from visual inspections to laboratory tests.
The production process is highly mechanized for worker safety, with limited access to certain areas.
If the material meets the factory standards, it proceeds to the mixing phase with additional materials like iron ore and sand.
The silos machine is responsible for maintaining the chemical and physical properties of the cement, ensuring consistency.
The strength of the cement is determined in the silos machine, and any malfunction can halt production.
Cement undergoes a burning process using a special kiln that can reach temperatures up to 2018 degrees Celsius.
Factories are moving towards alternative fuels to reduce CO2 emissions, such as using wood or waste.
After burning, the material is cooled from 1000 degrees Celsius to 100 degrees Celsius for efficient curing.
In the second mixing phase, cement is mixed with gypsum and other materials in varying proportions depending on the type of cement.
The composition recipes are often trade secrets, with each factory having its unique blend.
Quality control during storage includes testing the cement's strength, setting time, and other properties.
If the cement fails quality tests, it is re-mixed rather than discarded to avoid significant losses.
Cement is then packaged and ready for use in various construction projects, from buildings to roads.
Cement has a long history, known since ancient Greek, Roman, and Egyptian times, although not as 'cement' but as a binding agent.
The modern understanding of cement dates back to ancient Romans around 1100 to 1500 CE, who knew it as 'pozzolana'.
The term 'cement' was developed in the 18th century by English engineer George Stephenson during the construction of the Eddystone Lighthouse.
Joseph Aspdin is credited with patenting cement as we know it today, in 1824.
Cement was initially known as 'Portland Cement' due to its similarity to the clay found on the Isle of Portland in England.
Transcripts
Hai
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hey hop games
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pada akhir tahun 2021 kemarin Indonesia
dilaporkan mengalami produksi berlebih
dalam industri semen ga main-main dari
data asosiasi Semen Indonesia produksi
semen 2021 yang mencapai 116 juta ton
hanya terjual 71,72 Panton ini
menandakan ada sekitar 45 ton semen yang
tidak terpakai dan hanya tinggal di
gudang tentu saja hal ini menjadi kabar
buruk untuk Indonesia meskipun semen
menjadi salah satu komponen paling
digunakan dalam sebuah pembangunan Nah
bicara soal semen meski hal ini udah
sering dilihat tapi tau ga nih gimana
sih semen dibuat
uh Sama dong kayak aku makanya buat yang
belum tahu yuk kita telusuri bersama
dalam video kali ini proses produksi
semen di pabrik
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dalam proses produksi semen dalam pabrik
Hal pertama yang dilakukan adalah
persiapan bahan utama untuk semen bahan
utamanya adalah batu kapur dan tanah
liat yang didapatkan dari tambang alam
seperti gunung di Indonesia tambang batu
kapur yang jadi produsen utama untuk
batu kapur adalah daerah Tuban Jawa
Timur dan reembang di Jawa Tengah
masalah proses ekstraksi batu kapur
biasanya diekstrak dengan menggunakan
bahan peledak proses ini tentu butuh
tenaga ahli agar ledakan tidak merugikan
tambang ataupun menelan korban
Nah karena dihitung secara presisi juga
nih tambang batu kapur bisa terlihat
bertingkah seperti berikut setelah
ledakan udah selesai maka batu kapur
yang dihasilkan kemudian diangkut
menggunakan alat berat ke dalam pabrik
Hai
Sesampainya di pabrik bahan utama
kemudian dihancurkan batu kapur yang
tadinya gede banget bakal diubah menjadi
lebih kecil agar lebih mudah diprosesnya
Sebutkan bahan utama yang dihasilkan ini
bernama perah homogenisasi biasanya
dalam tahap ini akan ada pihak quality
control dari pabrik yang menilai
kualitas dari bahan utama penilaian
yaitu bervariasi mulai dari yang cuman
liat-liat doang sampai dikerjain di
dalam lab Nah untuk menjaga keselamatan
para pekerja juga nih proses ini ya full
dikerjakan oleh mesin dan jadi tempat
akses terbatas kebayang dong gimana
jadinya kalo ada pegawai yang ketimpa
taburan batu kapur kalau 12 biji sih
Nggak masalah tapi kalau satu ton iya
lain lagi urusannya
kalau sudah sesuai dengan standar pabrik
tumpukan material tadi kemudian masuk
nih ke dalam tahap pencampuran
Hai pada tahap ini mesin raksasa
digunakan sebagai alat pencampur utama
dalam mesin ini material tadi dicampur
kan dengan berbagai bahan lain seperti
biji besi pasir dan juga batu mesin
raksasa tadi bakal terus bergerak sampai
struktur pasir yang diinginkan Sesuai
dengan standar perusahaan setelah
struktur yang diinginkan didapatkan maka
bahan tadi masuk ke mesin selanjutnya
yang bernama silos
mesin ini ya bertanggung jawab untuk
mengatur sifat kimia dan sifat fisika
dari hal yang dihasilkan tetap konsisten
dalam mesin ini juga nih daya rekat dari
semen ditentukan Jadi kalau mesin gini
rusak pabrik semen nya bisa langsung
gulung tiker Sultan semen bisa langsung
sedihkan
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setelah dicampur sekarang semen bakal
masuk nih dalam tahap pembakaran dengan
menggunakan pembakaran betingkah Hai
spesial tadi bisa menghasilkan suhu
hingga
2018 Celcius Suhu bayangin tuh 2008
Celcius kalau dekat-dekat mesin ini udah
bisa dibilang tutorial siksa neraka
enggak sih Ih jadi kalau kamu gak tahan
panas Iya jangan bikin dosa besty
Nah karena proses ini menggunakan bahan
bakar yang banyak pabrik semen tidak
menggunakan bahan bakar fosil sebagai
sumber energi utama karena bisa
meningkatkan penghasil CO2 dia berbahaya
untuk dunia makanya pembakaran ini
banyak menggunakan bahan alternatif
Seperti kayu bahkan ban bekas jika sudah
selesai dibakar bahan utama tadi bakal
tampak kayak gini nih bahan tadi
kemudian didinginkan saat suhunya 1000
derajat Celcius menjadi 100Β° Celcius
Suhu 100Β° ini dianggap efisien sebagai
suhu tetap saat bahan utama tadi
Hai
setelah disimpan cukup lama bahan utama
tadi kemudian masuknya ke tahap
pencampuran kedua dalam tahap ini bahan
tadi dicampur kan dengan gipsum dan
shalat dengan proporsi yang berbeda-beda
untuk jenis semen yang berbeda pula
biasanya resep dari komposisi ini
menjadi rahasia lo tiap pabrik pokoknya
industri itu sama aja dengan industri
makanan bahannya sama tapi kalau tangan
yang ngerjain beda iya hasilnya beda
juga kalau tahapan pencampuran ini
selesai maka semen siap pakai sudah
dihasilkan dan kemudian kembali disimpan
saat penyimpanan dilakukan ada juga nih
proses quality control yang dilakukan
untuk mengetahui kualitas dari semen
biasanya daya rekat daya pencampuran
dengan air
dan kemampuan mengeras menjadi hal utama
yang dites Tapi kalau nggak lulus tes
Jadi ya dicampur lagi di tahap
pencampuran kedua tadi dan bukan dibuang
Iya Kalau dibuang sih bisa rugi bener
pabriknya tahap selanjutnya ya tinggal
dikemas dan siap dia untuk digunakan
dari sini nih semen kemudian digunakan
untuk berbagai macam hal seperti bangun
rumah gedung perkantoran jembatan hingga
trotoar yang kita gunakan
Oh iya setelah membahas pembuatannya ada
yang Penasaran ya sih Dari mana Semen
ini berasal Nah dari beragam informasi
ternyata semen sudah dikenal sebagai
alat perekat sejak zaman Yunani kuno
Romawi kuno dan musik kuno meskipun ya
namanya bukan semen bahkan di Indonesia
jejak perekat dari gipsum batu kapur
Gamping batu vulkanik dan persoalan
didapatkan dalam berbagai situs
bersejarah loh seperti candi Borobudur
dan Candi Mba nan di mancanegara jejak
yang sama juga didapatkan di piramida
dan juga Tembok besar China masalah
kepastian sejarahnya belum ada sih yang
bisa menuliskan dengan tepat peradaban
paling jauh yang bisa ditemukan adalah
ya di zaman Romawi kuno sekitar 1100
hingga 1500 masehi dimana orang mengenal
semen dengan nama pozzolana nah
persoalan Aini yang kemudian
dikembangkan menjadi semen yang namanya
didapatkan dari bahasa latin dan bantu
hal ini dikembangkan oleh Insinyur asal
Inggris yaitu George n pada abad ke-18
saat membuat Menara suar eddystone di
lepas pantai cornwall Inggris namun
sayangnya bukan smartphone yang kemudian
mematenkan semen sosok Joseph asin yang
juga dari Inggris lah yang mematenkan
semen sebagai penemuannya di tahun
1824 Pada masa itu semen dikenal sebagai
semen Portland karena wa yang mirip
dengan tanah liat yang dijumpai siap
bindi Pulau Portland English through
dari sejarahnya emang ya Semen ini jadi
rumit tapi dia serumit nyari duit beli
semen supaya bisa bikin rumah impian Oke
deh segitu dulu video kali ini sampai
jumpa di video berikutnya bye bye
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