METODE ILMIAH | Pengertian Metode Ilmiah, Langkah-langkah Metode Ilmiah, Manfaat dan Contohnya

Pura Pura Tau Fisika

7 Jul 202311:58

Summary

TLDRThis video script delves into the scientific method, outlining its systematic approach to knowledge discovery. It defines the method, discusses its characteristics like objectivity and universality, and details its components including observation, hypothesis, prediction, experimentation, and evaluation. The script also explains the steps of the scientific method, from problem formulation to writing a scientific report, using engaging examples like transforming stairs into piano keys to encourage stair usage over escalators.

Takeaways

🔬 The scientific method is a systematic approach used to develop and discover knowledge through objective reasoning and proof.
🔍 Key characteristics of scientific research include objectivity, methodical systematics, and universal applicability.
🌟 The scientific method involves elements such as observation, hypothesis, theoretical explanation, prediction, experimentation, evaluation, and repetition.
📝 Criteria for the scientific method include being based on facts, free from prejudice, using principles, and employing objective measurements and techniques.
🤔 The steps of the scientific method are: defining the problem, gathering information, formulating a hypothesis, designing and conducting experiments, analyzing data, drawing conclusions, and writing a scientific report.
🧐 Critical thinking, logical analysis, objectivity, empirical evidence, and conceptual understanding are essential characteristics of the scientific method.
📚 The process of scientific research involves rigorous steps such as clearly stating the problem, conducting literature reviews, and ensuring hypotheses are testable.
🧪 Experiments in scientific research are designed to test hypotheses and involve variables like independent, dependent, and control variables.
📊 Data analysis in scientific research can be quantitative or qualitative, and it helps determine the validity of the hypothesis.
📖 Publishing research findings in scientific journals allows for peer review and contributes to the body of scientific knowledge.
👨‍🔬 The scientific method is iterative; if experimental results do not support a hypothesis, it may lead to the refinement or rejection of the hypothesis.

Q & A

What is the scientific method according to the script?
-The scientific method is a systematic way used to develop and discover knowledge. It involves answering questions about natural phenomena through objective reasoning and proof via research.
What are the four characteristics of scientific research mentioned in the script?
-The four characteristics of scientific research are objectivity, methodical, systematic, and universality. Objectivity means knowledge is based on empirical facts without personal bias. Methodical refers to obtaining knowledge through structured and controlled methods. Systematic means knowledge is organized in a system interconnected with other knowledge. Universality implies that knowledge applies to everyone, not just specific individuals or groups.
What are the elements of the scientific method discussed in the script?
-The elements of the scientific method include observation, hypothesis, theoretical explanation, prediction, experimentation, evaluation, and repetition.
What are the criteria of the scientific method as outlined in the script?
-The criteria of the scientific method include being based on facts, free from prejudice and subjective consideration, using principles, formulating problems, using objective measures, and employing quantitative or qualitative techniques.
How many steps are there in the scientific method according to the script?
-There are seven steps in the scientific method: defining the problem, gathering information or literature review, formulating a hypothesis, designing and conducting experiments, analyzing data, drawing conclusions, and writing a scientific report.
What is the importance of defining the problem in the scientific method?
-Defining the problem involves asking clear, specific questions about the research object. It sets the foundation for the research by establishing what is to be investigated.
Why is the literature review important in scientific research?
-The literature review is important as it provides a guide from various literature that supports theories and can be used as a reference in the research.
What is a hypothesis in the context of the scientific method?
-A hypothesis is a tentative idea or guess about the solution to the problem posed in the research. It is formulated before the detailed research or topic is conducted and needs to be tested further.
What are the considerations when designing and conducting an experiment as per the script?
-When designing and conducting an experiment, one should ensure there is only one independent variable during the experiment, maintain constant conditions on variables assumed to be constant, repeat the experiment to vary results, and record the results completely and accurately.
How does analyzing data in scientific research help in validating the hypothesis?
-Analyzing data helps to determine the truth of the hypothesis formulated earlier. If the analysis does not support the hypothesis, it does not mean the research was wrong, but rather the hypothesis might need to be revised.
What is the significance of writing a scientific report according to the script?
-Writing a scientific report is significant as it allows the research findings to be published in a journal, making them accessible to others and contributing to the body of scientific knowledge.

Outlines

00:00

🔬 Introduction to the Scientific Method

The script begins by introducing the concept of the scientific method, emphasizing its systematic approach to developing and discovering knowledge. It explains that scientific questions about natural phenomena can be answered through objective reasoning and proof via research. The video outlines the characteristics of scientific research, which include objectivity, methodical systematics, and universal applicability. The characteristics are further detailed into objectivity, methodical approach, systematic organization, and generalizability. The script then moves on to discuss the components of the scientific method, which include observation, hypothesis, prediction, experimentation, evaluation, and repetition. It also outlines the criteria of the scientific method, such as being based on facts, free from bias, and using objective measurements and techniques. The video concludes this section by describing the critical, logical, objective, empirical, and conceptual nature of scientific methodology.

05:01

📚 Steps of the Scientific Method

This paragraph delves into the detailed steps of the scientific method. It starts with defining the problem, which involves asking clear, unambiguous questions about the research object. The second step is gathering information or conducting a literature review to support theories that can be referenced in the research. The third step is formulating a hypothesis, a tentative idea about solving the problem posed in the research. The fourth step is designing and conducting experiments to test the proposed hypothesis, which involves manipulating variables and controlling conditions to ensure the experiment's validity. The fifth step is analyzing data obtained from the experiment, which can be presented and analyzed in various formats. The sixth step is drawing conclusions, which are statements that connect the data analysis results with the hypothesis. The final step is writing a scientific report, which, if published in a journal, can contribute to the body of scientific knowledge. The video provides examples for each step, such as choosing between stairs and escalators, and how changing the appearance of stairs to resemble piano keys can influence people's behavior.

10:02

📈 Data Analysis and Conclusions in Scientific Research

The final paragraph focuses on the analysis of data from experiments and the drawing of conclusions. It explains that data analysis can lead to the acceptance or rejection of the hypothesis based on whether the experimental results align with the hypothesis. The paragraph provides examples of experiments and how they can lead to different conclusions, such as the case where most people would choose to use stairs over escalators, which contradicts the initial hypothesis. The video emphasizes that a scientific investigation's value lies in its publication in a journal, making the findings accessible to others. It outlines the structure of a scientific report, which includes a title, abstract, introduction, theoretical foundation, materials and methods, results, discussion, conclusions, and bibliography. The script concludes by thanking viewers for watching and encourages them to look forward to the next video.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Scientific Method

The scientific method is a systematic approach to acquiring knowledge through observation, measurement, and experimentation. In the video, it is the core process discussed for generating lawful or scientific products. The method is used to answer questions about natural phenomena and is characterized by objective reasoning and proof through research. The video emphasizes the importance of the scientific method in structuring the research process and ensuring that conclusions are based on empirical evidence.

💡Characteristics of Scientific Research

These are the defining traits of scientific research, which include objectivity, methodical approach, systematic organization, and universal applicability. The video explains that objectivity means knowledge should be based on empirical facts without personal bias. Methodical refers to the use of structured and controlled methods to gain knowledge. Systematic organization implies that knowledge is arranged in a coherent system, and universal applicability means that the findings should be consistent and reproducible by others under the same experimental conditions.

💡Observation and Measurement

Observation and measurement are the initial steps in the scientific method where researchers gather data through systematic observation and quantification. The video mentions these as the first elements of the scientific method, highlighting their importance in forming the basis for hypotheses and subsequent experiments. For instance, the script talks about observing and measuring the choice between escalators and stairs, which is a practical example of how these concepts are applied.

💡Hypothesis

A hypothesis is a tentative explanation or prediction about the relationship between two or more variables. In the context of the video, a hypothesis is proposed before conducting a thorough investigation and is tested through scientific experiments. The video uses the example of a hypothesis that most people would prefer escalators over stairs, which is then tested in an experiment to see if it holds true.

💡Prediction

Prediction in scientific research refers to the logical deduction or forecast made based on a hypothesis. The video explains that predictions are an essential part of the scientific method, as they guide the design of experiments to test the validity of the hypothesis. An example given is predicting that changing the stairs into a piano keyboard might influence people to choose stairs over escalators, which is a creative application of prediction in behavioral science.

💡Experiment

An experiment is a controlled procedure carried out to test the validity of a hypothesis. The video discusses the importance of designing and conducting experiments to test hypotheses, emphasizing the need to control variables and replicate results for reliability. The script provides an example of an experiment where stairs are transformed into a piano keyboard to test the hypothesis that this change would make people more inclined to use the stairs.

💡Data Analysis

Data analysis involves processing and interpreting the results obtained from experiments. The video explains that data can be presented in various forms such as tables, graphs, or diagrams and can be analyzed quantitatively or qualitatively. The script mentions analyzing data to determine whether the initial hypothesis is supported, which is crucial for drawing valid conclusions from the research.

💡Conclusion

A conclusion in scientific research is a summary statement that interprets the findings of an analysis in relation to the initial hypothesis. The video outlines that conclusions can lead to the acceptance or rejection of a hypothesis based on the experimental results. The script gives an example of how the experiment's outcome might lead to the conclusion that the hypothesis about people's preference for escalators was incorrect.

💡Scientific Report

A scientific report is a formal document that communicates the results of a scientific study. The video emphasizes the importance of publishing research findings in a structured format, including sections like the title, abstract, introduction, methodology, results, discussion, conclusions, and references. The script suggests that a well-documented scientific report is essential for sharing knowledge and contributing to the scientific community.

💡Variables

Variables are factors that can be manipulated or measured in an experiment. The video discusses the concept of independent variables (which can be freely changed), dependent variables (which change in response to the independent variable), and control variables (which are kept constant during the experiment). Understanding and managing variables is crucial for the validity of scientific experiments, as illustrated in the script's example of changing the appearance of stairs to test a hypothesis.

Highlights

Discussing the scientific method for understanding the process of producing lawful or scientific products.

Defining the scientific method as a systematic approach to developing and discovering knowledge.

Characteristics of scientific research include being objective, methodical, systematic, and universally applicable.

Objective knowledge is based on empirical facts and not on personal opinions.

Systematic knowledge is organized in a way that is interconnected with other knowledge to form a cohesive whole.

Universal applicability ensures that knowledge applies to everyone, not just specific individuals or groups.

Elements of the scientific method include observation, hypothesis, theoretical explanation, prediction, experimentation, evaluation, and repetition.

Criteria for the scientific method include being based on facts, free from bias, and using objective measures and techniques.

Characteristics of the scientific method include critical analysis, logical thinking, objectivity, empirical evidence, and conceptual understanding.

The steps of the scientific method include defining a problem, gathering information, formulating a hypothesis, designing and conducting experiments, analyzing data, drawing conclusions, and writing a scientific report.

Defining a problem involves asking clear, specific questions about the research subject.

Gathering information or conducting a literature review provides a foundation for theories to be considered in the research.

Formulating a hypothesis is creating a tentative idea about the solution to the research problem before conducting thorough research.

Designing and conducting experiments involves testing the hypothesis with careful consideration of variables and conditions.

Analyzing data from experiments can be presented and analyzed in various forms such as tables, graphs, diagrams, or concept maps.

Drawing conclusions involves determining whether the hypothesis is accepted or rejected based on the experimental results.

Writing a scientific report involves systematically organizing the research findings into a publishable format for others to learn from.