TITIK PERADABAN - TRADISI MEGALITIK TANAH TORAJA (20/5/16) 2-2

TRANS7 OFFICIAL
20 May 201618:27

Summary

TLDRThe script delves into the rich cultural heritage of the Toraja people in Indonesia, highlighting the significance of the Tongkonan, a traditional house symbolizing unity and social life. It discusses the architectural features like the boat-shaped roof and the buffalo horns, representing the Toraja's connection to their ancestors and nature. The script also touches on the megalithic burial practices, including baby burials in Tara trees and the menhir, large stone monuments marking the status of the deceased. The narrative paints a picture of a society deeply rooted in its history, where traditions are a living testament to their ancestors' legacy.

Takeaways

  • 🏠 The Tongkonan is a central hub of social life for the Toraja people, symbolizing unity and kinship based on ancestral relationships.
  • 🌾 Tongkonan architecture reflects the agricultural nature of the Toraja community, with granaries designed to store harvests and often resembling the shape of a boat.
  • 🎨 The carvings and decorations on Tongkonan buildings have specific meanings, representing the Toraja's rich cultural heritage and philosophical values.
  • πŸŒ‹ The Toraja people believe they originated from the north, possibly from the Tonkin Gulf area between Northern Vietnam and Southern China, and later integrated with the Malay and Sulawesi cultures.
  • πŸƒ The buffalo horns on the roof of a Tongkonan signify the social status and wealth of the family, with larger and more numerous horns indicating higher status.
  • 🏞️ The traditional Toraja houses, called Tongkonan, are spread across the mountainous region and are characterized by their boat-like roofs and unique buffalo horn designs.
  • πŸ—Ώ The megalithic tradition is evident in the Toraja's burial practices, with tombs and menhirs reflecting the belief in the afterlife and the importance of ancestor worship.
  • 🌈 The colors used in Toraja art, such as black, white, red, and yellow, have symbolic meanings related to life, death, and purity.
  • πŸ‘Ά The unique tradition of burying deceased infants in the 'Tara' tree is believed to return the baby to the care of its ancestors, symbolizing a connection to the divine.
  • πŸ—“οΈ The Toraja's megalithic culture dates back to around the 5th or 6th century CE, with burial practices and architectural styles continuing to evolve over time.

Q & A

  • What is the significance of the Tongkonan in Toraja culture?

    -The Tongkonan is a traditional Toraja house that symbolizes the unity of the Toraja people based on kinship relations. It serves as a center for social life and is used for governance and community gatherings.

  • What is the meaning behind the word 'Tongkonan'?

    -The term 'Tongkonan' is derived from the word 'tongkon', which means 'to sit'. It represents a place where nobles or community leaders gather for discussions and decision-making.

  • How does the architecture of a Tongkonan reflect Toraja's connection to their ancestors?

    -The architecture of a Tongkonan, with its roof resembling a boat and the direction towards the north, symbolizes the Toraja's belief in their northern origins and their ancestors' journey by boat to settle in Toraja.

  • What role do the carvings and symbols on a Tongkonan play in Toraja society?

    -The carvings and symbols on a Tongkonan hold significant meaning and represent the philosophical values of the Toraja people. They communicate messages and beliefs since the Toraja traditionally do not have a written script.

  • Why are the roofs of Tongkonan structures shaped like boats?

    -The boat-shaped roofs of Tongkonan structures symbolize the Toraja's seafaring ancestors and their journey to the land of Toraja, reflecting their origin story and cultural heritage.

  • What is the significance of the buffalo horns on the Tongkonan?

    -The buffalo horns on the Tongkonan represent the Toraja's respect for buffalo, which are considered sacred and are often associated with social status and wealth, especially in rituals and ceremonies.

  • How do the colors used in Tongkonan carvings represent Toraja beliefs?

    -Colors like black symbolize death and darkness, yellow represents life and power, and red is associated with blood, signifying life and vitality. White, often used for bones, signifies purity.

  • What is the function of the granaries (lumbung) in a Tongkonan complex?

    -The granaries (lumbung) in a Tongkonan complex are used for storing harvests and are architecturally similar to the main house but smaller. They represent the agricultural nature of the Toraja society.

  • How do the burial practices of the Toraja reflect their beliefs about the afterlife?

    -Toraja burial practices, such as hanging coffins on cliffs or burying them in megalithic structures, reflect their belief in the afterlife and the importance of honoring ancestors. These practices are a continuation of megalithic traditions.

  • What is the significance of the 'erong' burials for babies in Toraja culture?

    -The 'erong' burials, where babies are interred in tree trunks, symbolize the belief that the baby returns to the womb of the mother tree. This practice is seen as a way to ensure the health and well-being of subsequent children.

  • How do the megalithic monuments like menhirs in Toraja relate to social status and beliefs?

    -Megalithic monuments like menhirs in Toraja are associated with the nobility and are believed to symbolize the presence of ancestral spirits. The size and grandeur of these monuments reflect the social status of the deceased and their families.

Outlines

00:00

🏠 The Social and Symbolic Significance of Tongkonan in Toraja Culture

The paragraph delves into the central role of the Tongkonan, a traditional Toraja house, in the social life of the Toraja people. It explains the etymology of 'Tongkonan' and its significance as a gathering place for nobility and community decision-making. The Tongkonan represents the unity of the Toraja people, based on kinship ties, and is not owned by individuals but serves as a communal space. The script also touches on the historical origins of the Toraja people, suggesting they may have come from the Tonkin Gulf area, and their cultural assimilation with the Malay and Sulawesi ethnic groups. The architectural features of the Tongkonan, such as its resemblance to a boat and the unique buffalo horns at the front, are highlighted, along with the importance of rituals and ceremonies honoring ancestors, particularly those associated with death.

05:02

🎨 The Artistic and Cultural Expressions of Toraja Traditions

This paragraph discusses the artistic and cultural expressions of the Toraja people, particularly in relation to their architecture and rituals. It describes the construction of Tongkonan and its symbolic meaning, including the use of bamboo and the architectural style that allows it to withstand natural disasters like earthquakes. The paragraph also explores the significance of various symbols and carvings on the Tongkonan, such as the front carvings of a rooster, which is a sacred animal in Toraja culture. The use of colors in Toraja art is explained, with black symbolizing death and darkness, yellow representing life and power, and red signifying the blood of life. The paragraph also touches on the traditional process of coloring using natural materials like clay and the importance of these colors in Toraja philosophy. Additionally, it mentions the agricultural aspect of Toraja society and the functional and symbolic roles of granaries in their architecture.

10:03

🌳 The Megalithic Traditions and Ancestral Burials in Toraja Land

The paragraph focuses on the megalithic traditions and ancestral burial practices of the Toraja people. It describes the use of large stones for burials and the cultural significance of these practices, which are deeply intertwined with the local religious beliefs and the harmonious relationship with nature. The paragraph mentions the tradition of burying the deceased on hilltops or rocky areas, which are considered sacred and not suitable for agricultural production. It also discusses the various types of burial structures, such as the hanging coffins and the use of large stones or 'menhir' as tombstones, which represent the social status of the deceased. The paragraph further elaborates on the unique practice of burying infants in trees, specifically the 'Tara' tree, which is believed to provide a nurturing environment similar to a mother's embrace. The historical context of these burial practices is also provided, with evidence suggesting that they date back to the 5th or 6th century CE.

15:04

πŸ—Ώ The Legacy of Megalithic Monuments and Social Status in Toraja

This paragraph discusses the megalithic monuments, particularly the 'Simbuang' or standing stones, which are significant in Toraja culture as symbols of social status and historical markers. It describes the process of creating these monuments, which involves extracting stones from the mountains, carving them, and transporting them to their final location. The paragraph highlights the historical significance of the Bori site, where hundreds of these stones stand as a testament to the region's ancient burial practices. It also mentions the 'neramba' ceremony, which involved the sacrifice of hundreds of water buffalo and the erection of two Simbuang stones in 1657. The size and grandeur of these stones are believed to reflect the social standing of the deceased, with larger stones indicating higher status. The paragraph concludes by reflecting on the enduring legacy of these megalithic traditions and their importance in contemporary Toraja society.

Mindmap

Keywords

πŸ’‘Tongkonan

Tongkonan refers to a traditional Toraja house, which is central to the social life of the Toraja people. It is a symbol of unity among the Toraja clans based on kinship relations. The term 'tongkon' means to sit, and the house serves as a gathering place for nobility and community discussions. In the video, Tongkonan is described as a complex of buildings including the main house and rice barns, reflecting the communal and familial structure of Toraja society.

πŸ’‘Adat

Adat is a Malay term referring to customary law or traditional practices. In the context of the video, it pertains to the indigenous governance system and cultural norms of the Toraja people. Adat is deeply intertwined with the social structure and rituals, particularly those related to death and ancestor worship, showcasing the community's respect for its ancestors and traditions.

πŸ’‘Rice Barn (lumbung padi)

The rice barn is an integral part of the Tongkonan complex, used for storing harvested rice. It is architecturally similar to the main house but smaller in size. The video mentions that the rice barn's design and function reflect the agricultural nature of the Toraja society, with the upper part serving as a storage for the harvest, indicating the importance of agriculture in their culture.

πŸ’‘Ancestor Worship

Ancestor worship is a significant aspect of Toraja culture, where rituals and ceremonies are conducted to honor and remember the deceased. The script mentions that the direction of the house and the rituals are oriented towards the north, symbolizing the belief in the ancestral origin from the north. This practice is a testament to the deep-rooted connection between the Toraja people and their ancestors.

πŸ’‘Megalithic Tradition

The Megalithic Tradition refers to the cultural practices involving the use of large stones for burial sites and monuments, indicative of an ancient culture. In the video, this tradition is evident in the Toraja's unique burial practices, such as hanging coffins on cliffs, which are a continuation of the ancient customs and beliefs about death and the afterlife.

πŸ’‘Ukiran

Ukiran are the carved reliefs found on Toraja houses, particularly on the front part of the Tongkonan. These carvings, such as the 'ayam jago' (a sacred rooster), hold symbolic meanings and represent the philosophical values of the Toraja people. The video explains that the Toraja people communicate more through symbols due to their history of not being literate, making Ukiran an essential part of their cultural expression.

πŸ’‘Tanduk Kerbau

Tanduk Kerbau refers to the unique buffalo hornsθ£…ι₯° on the roofs of Tongkonan, symbolizing the buffalo's importance in Toraja culture. The script mentions that the presence of these horns on a house may indicate the status or preference of the family, as well as their connection to the spiritual and cultural practices of the community.

πŸ’‘Ring of Fire

The term 'Ring of Fire' is used in the video to describe the geographical location of Toraja, which is situated in an area with high seismic and volcanic activity. This context is important as it influences the architectural design of the buildings, making them more resistant to earthquakes, as mentioned in the script.

πŸ’‘Pewarnaan

Pewarnaan refers to the traditional coloring and painting of Toraja houses, which hold symbolic meanings. The video describes the use of black to represent death and darkness, yellow for blessings and power, and red for life and blood. These colors are derived from natural materials like clay and are integral to the cultural expression and aesthetics of Toraja architecture.

πŸ’‘Lumbung

Lumbung, as mentioned in the video, is not only the rice barn but also a symbol of the agricultural society of the Toraja people. The architectural style of the Lumbung is similar to that of the Tongkonan, indicating a harmonious integration of function and cultural identity within the community's built environment.

πŸ’‘Menhir

Menhir are the upright standing stones used in Toraja for burial monuments, representing the nobility or the deceased's social status. The video explains that the size and grandeur of the Menhir correlate with the family's desire to maintain the status of the deceased, reflecting the importance of social hierarchy and remembrance in Toraja culture.

Highlights

Tongkonan is the center of social life for the Toraja Tongkonan community, derived from the word 'tongkon' meaning to occupy.

Tongkonan serves as a gathering place for nobles to discuss and make decisions together.

Tongkonan represents a community or traditional institution centered around it, similar to the Batak people's community structure.

Tongkonan is a traditional house consisting of a main building and rice barn, symbolizing the unity of the Toraja people based on kinship.

The house is not individually owned but serves as a place for social development and is also used for ancestral worship.

The direction of the Tongkonan house and the Ara Caya location signify the ancestral origins from the north.

The Toraja people are believed to have originated from the Tonkin Gulf, between Northern Vietnam and Southern China.

Tongkonan architecture, with its boat-like roof, is unique and has cultural significance, including resistance to natural disasters.

There are five types of Tongkonan, each with specific roles and meanings within the community.

The construction of Tongkonan involves traditional methods and materials, such as bamboo, reflecting the agricultural nature of the society.

The carvings and decorations on Tongkonan hold symbolic meanings and are integral to Toraja philosophy and culture.

The colors used in Tongkonan have specific meanings, such as black for death, yellow for life, and red for blood.

The rice barns in Tongkonan are a characteristic of the agricultural society, with similar architectural styles to the houses.

The tradition of burying the dead in cliffs or on hillsides is a local wisdom and part of the megalithic culture.

The hanging coffins are made from specific types of wood, shaped like boats and decorated, representing the deceased's journey to the afterlife.

The burial of babies under the Tara tree is believed to return the child to the mother's womb, symbolizing a connection to the divine.

The Bori site features hundreds of menhirs, representing the nobility and their status, with the size reflecting their social standing.

The megalithic culture of Toraja is a continuation of ancient traditions, with葬瀼δ»ͺ式 and burial practices reflecting a deep connection to the land and ancestors.

The Toraja people's culture, including their traditional houses and burial practices, is a unique blend of megalithic traditions and local beliefs.

Transcripts

play00:01

[Musik]

play00:16

di Tanah Toraja Tongkonan adalah pusat

play00:20

kehidupan sosial suku

play00:24

Toraja Tongkonan berasal dari kata

play00:27

tongkon maknanya menduduki

play00:30

[Musik]

play00:34

kena tongonan menjadiat berkumpulnya

play00:38

bangsawanoraat

play00:44

bermusyawarah bersama du

play00:51

[Musik]

play00:58

Sahel ing artinya dalam hal ini suatu

play01:04

komunitas atau suatu lembaga adat yang

play01:07

berpusat di Tongkonan pemerintahannya

play01:10

atau kepala sukunya berpusat di

play01:12

Tongkonan seperti itulah ini hampir sama

play01:15

dengan orang Batak sebenarnya jadi orang

play01:18

taja ini jadi ada e komunitas-komunitas

play01:22

yang terbentuk yang dibina dalam suatu

play01:27

ikatan

play01:28

kekeluargaan

play01:30

suatu komunitas besar yang disebut

play01:32

dengan komunitas

play01:35

Tongkonan Tongkonan adalah rumah adataja

play01:40

yang terdiri dari sekelompok bangunan

play01:42

yang terdiri dari rumah utama dan

play01:44

lumbung

play01:45

[Musik]

play01:48

padi Tongkonan merupakan simbol

play01:51

persekutuan sukutoraja yang berdasarkan

play01:54

pada hubungan

play01:58

kekerabatan

play02:00

Tongkonan berasal dari kata tongkon yang

play02:02

berarti duduk pada zaman dahulu rumah

play02:05

ini sudah digunakan sebagai tempat

play02:07

Kekuasaan pemerintah penduduk asli Tanah

play02:10

Toraja selain itu juga rumah ini

play02:12

digunakan sebagai tempat perkembangan

play02:14

kehidupan sosial bagi masyarakatnya Oleh

play02:17

karena itu rumah ini tidak dimiliki

play02:18

secara

play02:20

[Musik]

play02:24

perorangan arah hadap rumah Tongkonan ke

play02:28

Ara caya sebagai lokasi bersemayamnya

play02:32

Puang Matua leluhur

play02:36

sukuaja berdasarkan penelitian ilmiah

play02:39

leluhur suuaja diakini berasal dari

play02:43

sekitar teluk tonin yang terletak antara

play02:46

Vietnam Utara dan Cina

play02:48

Selatan Mereka kemudian

play02:51

berakulturasi dengan ras Melayu

play02:54

Sula

play02:56

merekaakanahwa asusul mereka itu nya

play02:59

dari arah utara

play03:02

Entah dari mana tapi mereka percaya

play03:04

bahwa berasal dari satu pulau di arah

play03:07

utara lalu kemudian mereka naik perahu

play03:10

sampailah perahu nenek moyang mereka

play03:13

terdampar di Toraja olehnya itu karena

play03:16

liluhuru mereka dianggap asalnya dari

play03:19

Toraja maka rumah ataupun kalau

play03:22

upacara-upacara yang berkaitan dengan

play03:25

penghormatan kepada leluhur selalu

play03:27

arahnya ke utara seperti itu yang kedua

play03:31

dari perspektif ee teoritik secara

play03:35

ilmiah memang kemudian kita ketahui

play03:38

bahwa suku-suku di Indonesia termasuk

play03:40

orang to Raja itu asal usulnya adalah

play03:45

dari ee Yunan ada yang mengatakan dari

play03:48

Taiwan dan mungkin untuk di Sulawesi itu

play03:52

masuknya dari arah

play03:54

[Musik]

play03:56

utara dahulu tongkan tersebar di daerah

play04:01

pegunungan pada sekitar abad ke-18

play04:05

Tongkonan di sekitar ketek dipindahkan

play04:08

dalam satu

play04:10

kawasan Tongkonan sendiri ya Tongkonan

play04:14

beratap melengkung Seperti

play04:16

perahu pada bagian depannya terdapat

play04:19

deretan tanduk kerbau yang unik ya Pak

play04:23

di sini kan e di ketekesu ini memiliki

play04:25

lima jenis Tongkonan Nah apakah

play04:27

tongkonan-tongkonan ini memiliki FSI dan

play04:30

perannya masing-masing di masyarakat itu

play04:32

betul jadi dulu sebelum ada pemerintahan

play04:36

republik maupun kolonial itu masyarakat

play04:40

kami diperintah oleh masyarakat adat

play04:44

Tapi sayangnya di antara adat A dan adat

play04:47

B masyarakat adat A dan masyarakat adat

play04:50

B sering perang Oh tapi eh karena ada

play04:55

gejola dari luar saudara kami dari Bugis

play04:59

mengembangkan kebetulan waktu itu

play05:01

mengembangkan agama Islam mahapaham Bali

play05:04

sehingga mereka

play05:06

bersatu jadi mulai dari tahun

play05:08

[Musik]

play05:09

1678 mereka sudah bentuk

play05:12

pemerintahan setelah pulang perang

play05:16

dan mereka ikut satu kebersamaan yang

play05:19

biasa

play05:20

dikatakan

play05:23

[Musik]

play05:28

Pi Rah ada

play05:31

Tongkonan Semakin banyak semakin tinggi

play05:35

pula derajat pemiliknya karena menjadi

play05:38

bukti kemampuan finansial dalam

play05:40

melakukan upacara-upacara adat terutama

play05:44

berkaitan dengan upacara

play05:49

[Musik]

play05:51

kematian ya Pak kalau misalnya kita

play05:53

melihat e rumah ada Toraja ini kan

play05:56

begitu unik kalau kita lihat dari

play05:58

atapnya itu berbentuk Seperti perahu nah

play06:01

Seperti apakah EE dari segi

play06:03

konstruksinya setiap 3 4 5 tahun sekali

play06:06

Memang bambu luar biasa panen yang ada

play06:08

di sini sehingga dipakai oleh

play06:10

teman-teman ataupun nenek moyang orang

play06:12

Toraja untuk dapat membikin Tongkonan

play06:14

maupun di lumbung gitu nah ini juga bisa

play06:17

menjadi menarik kaitannya dengan eh Ring

play06:20

of Fire ataupun gempa

play06:22

karena sebagian besar ee arsitektur

play06:26

Indonesia yang tradisional itu

play06:28

menggunakan vertical sem jadi seperti

play06:31

meja Kalau tidak ada beban dia bisa

play06:34

gampang digeser tapi ketika ada beban di

play06:37

atasnya menggesernya akan susah gitu ya

play06:44

ukiran ukiran khastoraja bermakna khusus

play06:48

dan tidak boleh dibuat sembarangan

play06:51

[Musik]

play06:53

ukiran ayam jago di bagian depan rumah

play06:55

saling

play06:57

berhadapan ayam jago adalah hewan yang

play07:00

juga disakralkan masyarakat Toraja

play07:03

selain

play07:04

kerbau setiap simbol yang ada di

play07:07

Tongkonan itu

play07:09

punya makna tersendiri itu mengandung

play07:13

nilai-nilai falsafah kami karena e kami

play07:16

orang Toraja lebih banyak berbicara

play07:19

dengan simbol karena kami kebetulan

play07:21

tidak mengenal aksara ya jadi itu ee

play07:25

yang menyebabkan kami agak berbeda

play07:27

dengan e daerah-daerah tangga kami ya Ee

play07:30

mereka mengenal aksara sementara kami

play07:32

tidak dan akhirnya yang lebih berkembang

play07:35

di lingkungan Kami adalah

play07:39

[Musik]

play07:41

ukiran Proses pewarnaan tentu tak

play07:44

terlepas dari aluk todolo sebagai

play07:46

pegangan

play07:48

hidup hitam melambangkan kematian dan

play07:53

kegelapan sementara kuning melambangkan

play07:57

anugerah dan kekuasaan

play08:00

Ilahi merah merupakan warna darah yang

play08:04

melambangkan kehidupan

play08:07

manusia daging dan tulang dilambangkan

play08:10

dengan warna putih yang bermakna

play08:14

kesucian kira-kira Pada masa itu

play08:17

pewarnaannya menggunakan bahan-bahan apa

play08:19

saja Pak mereka juga sangat fasih dan

play08:21

lazim

play08:22

menggunakan tanah ya Jadi ini kan ada

play08:25

beberapa e Warna ada warna merah kuning

play08:29

kemudian ada warna hitam dan putih itu

play08:32

jadi ini semuanya dari tanah liat Oh

play08:33

dari tanah sem Iya kemudian yang merah

play08:35

itu juga ada di daerah sini dan sekarang

play08:38

kalau mau menambang harus dengan izin

play08:40

yang berwenang kelurahan gitu sehingga

play08:43

ee Ini juga untuk mengantisipasi rayap

play08:45

di luar itu kalau di dalam kan karena

play08:48

dulunya

play08:49

ee untuk dapur itu kemudian akan

play08:52

mengeluarkan asap setiap hari itu juga

play08:54

menjadi kayak fumigasi gitu ya sehingga

play08:57

itu bisa mencegah ser Rangga maupun

play08:59

rayap yang berkembang di dalam

play09:05

kekhasan yang tak bisa dipisahkan dari

play09:08

Tongkonan adalah lumbung

play09:11

padinya sebagai ciri masyarakat yang

play09:16

agraris lumbung bergaya arsitektur sama

play09:20

dengan rumah

play09:21

Tongkonan hanya lebih kecil dengan

play09:24

bagian atas yang difungsikan sebagai

play09:27

tempat hasil panen

play09:30

dulunya memang orang-orang Toraja itu

play09:33

budayanya Agriculture itu ya walaupun

play09:36

tadi kita sebut ee rumah Tongkonan itu

play09:38

juga representasi dari sebuah kapal gitu

play09:41

nah jadi Cikal bakalnya ada di sini

play09:44

Mereka bertani kemudian hasilnya akan

play09:46

ditaruh di atas gitu kan kemudian juga

play09:49

lumbung ini dulu Cikal bakalnya mungkin

play09:51

nenek moyangnya satu lumbung satu

play09:53

Tongkonan ya atau satu Tongkonan satu

play09:54

lumbung tapi berkembang zaman kemudian

play09:58

mereka juga beranak p berkembang bisa

play10:00

jadi memungkinkan bahwa satu Tongkonan

play10:02

itu dengan dua lumbung atau tiga lumbung

play10:05

sehingga di dalam ada duaa keluarga

play10:07

kemudian lumbungnya juga berjajar-jajar

play10:09

banyak gitu sehingga satu area ini

play10:11

adalah biasanya satu rumpun keluarga

play10:18

oke oh iniuran ini ya batu ya

play10:23

I warisan tradisi megalitik memang masih

play10:28

nampak jelas

play10:31

Nah itu ada yang dipasang tanduk kerbau

play10:33

sama yang enggak ada perbedaannya engak

play10:35

sih Ya sepertinya kalau yang dipasang

play10:37

tanduk kerbau ini mungkin tergantung ini

play10:39

juga ya E selera dari

play10:42

yang keberadaan menhir kubur batu dan

play10:46

pemakaman di sisi-sisi tebing yang

play10:49

terjal menjadi fakta yang tak

play10:52

terbantahkan semuanya berkaitan erat

play10:55

dengan sistem religi dan hubungan yang

play10:58

harmonis

play10:59

alam kami di Toraja sebenarnya salah

play11:03

satu kearifan lokal yang sangat ini itu

play11:10

memakamkan orang yang meninggal di areal

play11:12

yang e

play11:15

e di bukit-bukit batu atau tidak cocok

play11:19

untuk lahan e lahan produksi seperti

play11:23

kalau

play11:24

di lahan tanah itu sebenarnya tabu

play11:28

tadinya

play11:28

[Musik]

play11:31

ada pula pemakaman yang memanfaatkan

play11:35

batu besar di

play11:39

Toraja proses pembuatannya sangat lama

play11:43

dan harus menggunakan pahat

play11:46

tradisional kubur Batu Pahat ini

play11:49

diperkirakan bermula sekitar abad

play11:52

ke-17 pada perkembangan selanjutnya

play11:55

muncul tipe-tipe kubur baru yang disebut

play11:58

dengan

play11:59

Pani ada yang terbuat dari kayu bahkan

play12:04

beton tergantung dari status sosok yang

play12:08

meninggal Jadi sebenarnya pada dasarnya

play12:11

budaya Taya yang berlangsung sekarang

play12:13

baik dalam bentuk pesta pesta adat

play12:16

maupun dalam berbagai bentuk budaya

play12:19

fisik seperti menhir rumah adat

play12:23

Pemakaman dan lainlain adalah

play12:24

keberlanjutan dari budaya megalitik

play12:27

budaya megalitik di Tanah Toraja ini

play12:30

sudah dikenal sejak sekitar abad 56

play12:33

masehi itu menurut hasil penelitian saya

play12:36

terhadap bentuk-bentuk kubur orang

play12:39

[Musik]

play12:43

Toraja pekuburan peti kayu yang

play12:46

menggantung pada tebing-tebing bukit

play12:49

Bisa juga kita lihat di

play12:52

ketekesu Oh jadi boleh masyarakat taja

play12:55

menyebut wadah kubur ini dengan nama

play12:57

erong biasanya kayu yang digunakan

play13:01

adalah kayu nangka kayu tersebut

play13:04

dibentuk Seperti perahu dan diberi

play13:07

penutup Wada erong ini memiliki bentuk

play13:10

yang berbeda-beda ada yang seperti

play13:12

perahu kerbau dan juga babi dengan

play13:14

pahatan dan ukiran yang menghiasinya

play13:17

bentuk perahu digunakan bagi mereka yang

play13:19

sudah meninggal namun semasa hidupnya

play13:21

sudah Mandiri sedangkan hewan ternak

play13:23

digunakan bagi mereka yang semasa

play13:25

hidupnya Belum Mandiri sehingga

play13:27

bentuk-bentuk hewan ternak ini

play13:29

diharapkan dapat menjadi Wahana bagi

play13:32

mereka yang ingin mencapai ke tempat

play13:34

yang lebih tinggi kita ke atas

play13:40

[Musik]

play13:42

yuk keunikan lain yang berkaitan dengan

play13:46

pemakaman di Toraja berupa kubur bayi di

play13:50

sekitar pohon Tara pohon Tara dipilih

play13:53

karena memiliki banyak getah yang

play13:56

dianggap pengganti air susu

play14:00

dengan menguburkan bayi di pohon Tara

play14:02

masyarakat taja menganggap sang bayi

play14:05

seperti dikembalikan keahim ibunya

play14:10

sendiri bagaimana awal mulanya tradisi

play14:13

penguburan mayat bayi yang belum tumbuh

play14:15

gigi di pohon seorang suami istri yang

play14:19

melahirkan anak meninggal dunia

play14:27

mahirkaningunahkaningun tiga ee menurut

play14:30

kepercayaannya itu dimasukkan ke dalam

play14:32

ee liang Pia namanya liang Pia atau

play14:35

kuburan bayi supaya Apabila ada adiknya

play14:39

yang lahir nanti bisa tumbuh seperti

play14:41

pohon H kedua nyawanya bisa sampai ke ke

play14:47

atas yang maha kuasa Nah itu

play14:50

[Musik]

play14:52

artinya di kawasan situs Bori yang

play14:55

letaknya di Kelurahan Bori sesean Toraja

play14:58

Utara

play14:59

berdiri megah ratusan batu menhir dengan

play15:02

ukuran yang

play15:04

beragam batu menhir tersebut mewakili

play15:07

kaum bangsawan atau sesepuh adat yang

play15:11

telah

play15:14

wafat batunya sendiri diambil dari

play15:17

wilayah pegunungan atau tebing-tebing di

play15:19

sekitar Toraja dipahat kemudian

play15:24

digulirkan dan ditarik sampai keokasi

play15:27

bor

play15:30

[Musik]

play15:32

batu yang ditarik disebut masyarakataja

play15:35

dengan sebutan

play15:37

[Musik]

play15:42

Simbuang berdasarkan data sejarah daerah

play15:47

Bori dijadikan lokasi Upacara pemakaman

play15:50

untuk pertama kalinya

play15:57

diun pemotongan puluhan hingga ratusan

play16:01

ekor

play16:06

kerbau menhir pertama didirikan pada

play16:09

tahun

play16:10

1657 pada Upacara pemakaman ne ramba di

play16:14

mana 100 ekor kerbau dikorbankan dan

play16:16

didirikan dua Simbuang Batu neramba

play16:19

merupakan seorang bangsawan dan pemangku

play16:21

adat yang berhasil menghimpun kembali

play16:24

beberapa komunitas yang hidup terpisah

play16:26

dalam satu kelompok adat di kaw

play16:30

[Musik]

play16:33

besar kecilnya batu menhir yang dipahat

play16:36

sesuai dengan keinginan keluarga yang

play16:39

mengadakan

play16:42

upacara ada anggapan jika semakin tinggi

play16:46

dan besar menhir yang didirikan maka

play16:50

semakin tinggi derajat

play16:53

kebangsawanannya konon dulunya orang

play16:55

percaya bahwa pada saat mereka

play16:57

melaksanakan upacara e

play17:00

rambu

play17:02

Solo mereka menganggap bahwa roh-roh

play17:05

orang yang meninggal hadir juga

play17:08

lewat batu-batu itu menher itu tapi

play17:12

sekarang ini rupanya mengalami

play17:14

pergeseran simbol-simbol dari menhir ini

play17:16

adalah lebih pada simbol status sosial

play17:20

ya Orang katanya mengatakan itu sebagai

play17:23

simbol status qu jadi anak cucu yang

play17:26

ditinggalkan orang yang meninggal tidak

play17:28

mau kehilangan status sosialnya dengan

play17:31

segala upaya usaha dilakukan membuat

play17:34

batu sebesar-besarnya untuk ditanam

play17:36

bahwa inilah simbol kebangsawanan kami

play17:39

inilah simbol status

play17:41

[Musik]

play17:46

kami tulang apa nih berkunjung ke Tanah

play17:50

Toraja dengan peninggalan masa

play17:53

megalitiknya membawa berbagai

play17:55

pengetahuan baru bagi saya malam ya

play17:59

ah betapa kayanya kita dengan sejarah

play18:03

dan alam yang

play18:07

indah masuk akal kiranya jika Indonesia

play18:11

adalah pusat peradaban

play18:14

[Musik]

play18:26

dunia

Rate This
β˜…
β˜…
β˜…
β˜…
β˜…

5.0 / 5 (0 votes)

Related Tags
Toraja CultureIndonesian TraditionsTongkonan ArchitectureSocial LifeAncestral WorshipMegalithic LegacyAgricultural SocietyCultural SymbolsFunerary PracticesCommunity Bonds