Effects of alloying Elements on the Properties of steel. ||Engineer's Academy||
Summary
TLDRThis educational video delves into the impact of alloying elements on steel properties. It explains that steel, an alloy of iron and carbon, gains enhanced characteristics through the addition of elements like chromium for corrosion resistance, nickel for strength and toughness, and molybdenum for hardness. The video also covers the role of carbon in determining steel's hardness levels and the effects of manganese, titanium, and other elements on steel's machinability and corrosion resistance. It's a comprehensive guide to understanding steel composition and its diverse applications.
Takeaways
- π¨ Steel is an alloy primarily composed of iron and carbon, with carbon content determining its classification into low, medium, or high carbon steel.
- βοΈ Chromium (Cr) is added to steel to enhance its luster, durability, and resistance to corrosion, including oxidation.
- π Nickel (Ni) contributes to increased hardness, strength, and toughness of steel, as well as providing resistance to corrosion and oxidation.
- π‘οΈ Molybdenum (Mo) boosts resistance to pitting corrosion and enhances the steel's hardness and hardenability.
- βοΈ Carbon content in steel is directly proportional to the steel's hardness, with varying percentages defining different types of steel.
- π³ Manganese (Mn) is used to improve the working properties, tensile strength, and machinability of steel, and can act as a substitute for nickel.
- βοΈ Titanium (Ti) is an alloying element that aids in carbon stabilization, forming carbides to prevent intergranular corrosion in steel.
- π© Phosphorus (P), when combined with sulfur, improves machinability in low alloy steel but can increase the risk of cracking during welding.
- π© Sulfur (S) also enhances machinability but is limited to 0.05 percent in steel to prevent a decrease in steel quality.
- π Selenium (Se) improves machinability and the nobility of steel, contributing to better material properties.
- π Niobium (Nb), similar to titanium, is used to stabilize carbon content in steel, enhancing its overall performance.
Q & A
What is the primary difference between iron ore and steel?
-Iron ore is raw and not usable in applications due to lacking desired properties, whereas steel is an alloy of iron and carbon, possessing the necessary properties for various applications.
Why is chromium added to steel?
-Chromium is added to steel to increase its luster, durability, and resistance to corrosion, such as oxidation.
What is the role of nickel in steel?
-Nickel is used to increase the hardness and strength of steel, and it also provides greater toughness and resistance to bending, as well as resistance to corrosion and oxidation.
How does molybdenum affect the properties of steel?
-Molybdenum increases the resistance to pitting corrosion caused by chloride and sulfur chemicals, and it also greatly enhances the hardness and hardenability of steel.
What is the relationship between carbon content and the hardness of steel?
-As the percentage of carbon in steel increases, so does the hardness of the steel. Different types of steel are categorized based on carbon content, such as low carbon, medium carbon, and high carbon steel.
What properties does manganese add to steel?
-Manganese is added to steel to increase its working properties, tensile strength, toughness, and hardenability. It can also serve as a substitute for nickel.
What is the purpose of titanium in steel?
-Titanium is used in steel for carbon stabilization, forming carbides that minimize the occurrence of intergranular corrosion, especially in the production of cutting tools.
How does phosphorus influence the machinability of steel?
-Phosphorus, when combined with sulfur, improves the machinability of steel. However, in low alloy steel, it can increase strength but also the tendency to crack during welding.
What is the typical limit of sulfur content in steel, and why?
-The typical limit of sulfur content in steel is 0.05 percent because beyond this, the steel's machinability decreases with an increase in sulfur content.
How does selenium improve steel?
-Selenium improves the machinability and nobility of steel, enhancing its overall performance in manufacturing processes.
What is the function of niobium in steel?
-Niobium, also known as columbium, is added to steel to stabilize carbon content, similar to the function of titanium.
What property does nitrogen enhance in steel?
-Nitrogen increases the strength of steel, particularly in austenitic stainless steel, contributing to its overall performance.
How does silicon contribute to the properties of steel?
-Silicon is used as a deoxidizing agent in the melting process of steel, and it contributes to hardening and electrical applications in devices and circuits.
What are the effects of cobalt on steel properties?
-Cobalt, being ferromagnetic, is used in alnico alloys and is known for its high radioactivity, contributing to the magnetic properties of certain steel types.
Why is copper added to steel, and what benefits does it provide?
-Copper is added to steel to increase its hardness and, more importantly, to enhance its corrosion resistance.
What is the primary function of zinc in steel?
-Zinc is used in steel to increase both its corrosion resistance and hardness, improving the steel's durability and performance.
Outlines
π© The Impact of Alloying Elements on Steel Properties
This paragraph introduces the concept of steel as an alloy primarily composed of iron and carbon. It explains that raw iron ore is not directly usable for manufacturing due to its lack of desired properties. The video then delves into the role of various alloying elements such as chromium, nickel, molybdenum, and carbon, which are added to enhance steel's properties like hardness, strength, corrosion resistance, and machinability. Each element's function and its position in the periodic table are discussed, providing a foundational understanding of metallurgy and material science.
π Further Alloying Elements and Their Effects on Steel
The second paragraph continues the discussion on the effects of alloying elements on steel, focusing on elements like manganese, titanium, cobalt, phosphorus, sulfur, selenium, niobium, nitrogen, silicon, cobalt, and copper. It details how these elements contribute to steel's properties, such as machinability, corrosion resistance, and strength. The paragraph also touches upon the importance of controlling the percentage of certain elements like sulfur and phosphorus due to their potential negative impacts during welding. The video concludes by summarizing the learnings and encouraging viewers to like, subscribe, and share the content.
Mindmap
Keywords
π‘Alloying elements
π‘Steel
π‘Chromium
π‘Nickel
π‘Molybdenum
π‘Carbon
π‘Manganese
π‘Titanium
π‘Phosphorus
π‘Silicon
π‘Cobalt
Highlights
Introduction to the effects of alloying elements on steel properties.
Iron ore extracted from the Earth's crust is not directly usable for applications.
Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon, with iron as the base metal and carbon as the secondary ingredient.
Chromium is added to steel to increase luster, durability, and resistance to corrosion.
Nickel increases steel's hardness, strength, toughness, and resistance to corrosion and oxidation.
Molybdenum enhances resistance to pitting corrosion and increases steel's hardness and hardenability.
Carbon content in steel directly affects hardness, with varying percentages for low, medium, and high carbon steel.
Manganese is added to steel to improve working properties, tensile strength, and machinability.
Titanium is used for carbon stabilization in steel, reducing intergranular corrosion.
Phosphorus, when combined with sulfur, improves machinability and increases strength in low alloy steel.
Sulfur improves machinability but is limited in steel due to its negative impact on steel quality.
Selenium enhances machinability and the nobility of steel.
Niobium is used to stabilize carbon content in steel, similar to titanium.
Nitrogen increases the strength of austenitic stainless steel.
Silicon acts as a deoxidizing agent and is used for hardening and in electrical applications.
Cobalt is ferromagnetic and is used in alnico alloys.
Copper increases hardness and corrosion resistance when added to steel.
Zinc enhances corrosion resistance and hardness in steel.
Summary of the effects of various alloying elements on steel properties and their locations in the periodic table.
Transcripts
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of my latest videos hi guys welcome back
to Ma my servers in this video we will
be learning the effects of alloying
elements on the properties of the steel
so align what is the line so let's say
we have this iron or just extracted from
the Earth's crust so this is the ion o
which is like in the raw form so guys
this iron ore it not usable at all in my
applications in the machining also so
where is at is does not possesses the
desired properties which is required by
me it is not suitable for the further
machining so it's not so I just
eliminated this the next one if we have
this rods of made up of steel which is
an alloy of iron and carbon so steel is
nothing but the combination of iron and
carbon so guys stick is a lie which is
having the properties iron is the mayor
I mean the major element such as the
base metal whereas carbon is the or the
impurities or we can call it as a
secondary ingredient this is the
impurities so just like we had the
impurities I had to announce the
mechanical and the chemical properties
of the particular elements so apart from
the carbon there are other alloying
materials so let's begin let's see all
the that particular materials the first
is the chromium so chromium I have
located the same in the periodic table
that is the SIA this is the transition
element typically denoted by C car it is
a it is added to increase the luster and
ability basically for luster and
durability chromium is there also it
increases the resistance to corrosion
such as oxidation resistance to
oxidation the next is the nickel so guys
it is also the transition element or the
metal and I which is typically denoted
by ni so it's used to increase the
hardness of the steel and the strength
of the steel also it provides the
greater toughness also it forwards a
good toughness resistance to bending
also it resistance to its provides the
resistance to corrosion and oxidation so
the next one is the molybdenum so guys
it is also same it's also located in the
periodic table typically denoted by M O
so as it increases the resistance to
pitting corrosion by the chloride
formation and the sulphur chemicals so
it greatly increases the hardness and
harden ability of the steel the next is
the carbon as we all know our favorite
carbon it's a nonmetal basically
typically denoted by C so as the
percentage of the carbon in the steel
increases the hardness of the steel
increases so it's neither be
proportional to each other so there are
types of the Steel's which are like
segregated according to the percentage
of the carbon such as the low carbon
steel medium carbon steel and high
carbon steel so let's see the percentage
of the carbon in the low carbon soot is
like less than 0.001 thirty percent of
the carbon whereas in the medium carbon
steel used is 0.32 point forty five
percent of the carbon and in the high
carbon steel it's up to 1.5 percent of
the carbon the next is the manganese
it's also the metal our transitional
elements such as typically unit by M and
so it's added to the steel to increase
the working properties
and the tensile strength of the machine
tensile strength and the machinability
it increases the toughness also and the
harden ability of the steel also it can
be used as the substitute for the nickel
the next is the titanium so titanium is
also the same it's a metal wheel
typically denoted by T I so it's an
alloying element in the steel typically
used for the carbon stabilization in
steel such as and while doing the kaabah
stabilization it forms the carb titanium
cobalt salsa which is typically used in
the cutting tools so it minimized the
occurrences of the inter granular
corrosion inter granular corrosion the
next is the phosphorus so as phosphorus
is the nonmetal which is I've shown it
in the spaghetti table typically denoted
by P it's always your with the sulphur
to improve the machinability
so in low alloy steel it increases the
strength and also it increases the
tendency to the cracking during the
welding so next is the sulphur so guys
sulphur is also the same like the
phosphorus which is also non non metal
typically donated by s so it improves
the machinability it improves the
machinability also its content is the
limited to 0.05 percent in steals it's
the typical availability of the steel
decreases with the increase in the
sulphur content the next is the selenium
so why selenium is also just like a
nonmetal so it's typically generated by
s e the selenium improves the
machinability in the steel much nobility
of the steel
so it known as the columbium it's the
peplum somewhat like that so next is the
niobium so guys the niobium is also a
transition element in a metal so
typically denoted by n B so it's added
to the steel to improve this to
stabilize the carbon content such as a
titanium also the next C is the nitrogen
so nitrogen is nonmetal so gas likely
denoted by letter n capital n so it
increases the ill strength in a
particular metal or in a steel to in the
austenitic stainless steel basically the
next is the silicon so as its denoted by
si silicon so it's used as the d
oxidizing agent of the melting point
melting of this particular steel so it
used in the four so it's it can be used
for the hardening of the hiding purposes
also and it can be used in are the
electrical devices and electrical shoots
as well and in the electrical circuits
also in the next is the cobalt so cobalt
is like a metal so I have shown it here
in a periodic table typically denoted by
C Oso cobalt II is the highly
radioactive substance so it's so like a
ferromagnetic in nature so guys we will
see the later like the magnetism in the
magnetism so instead it's widely used in
the alnico alloys the guys next is the
copper so copper as we all know this is
the cuprum and copper so typically
denoted by letter C u so copper is added
to increase the hardness and the
corrosion it's it's mainly the corrosion
resistance so guys then
is the zinc last one this is so zinc is
denoted by letter Z n so it increases
the corrosion resistance and also the
hardness so why so far we have seen the
effects of the alloying elements on the
properties of the steel so guys I hope
you understand this allowing elements
also the properties of the steel how it
changes so we have also seen this
location of for each element in the
periodic table so guys thank you for
watching my video please to hit like
please do subscribe and please do share
also rise thank you
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