BEGINI PROSES PEMBUATAN MINYAK GORENG DAN MARGARIN DARI KELAPA SAWIT! LANGSUNG OLAH.

Luna Farm

19 May 202209:03

Summary

TLDRThe video script discusses the recent scarcity of cooking oil and its rising prices, impacting consumers due to its daily use in various foods. It focuses on palm oil production, detailing the process from harvesting fresh fruit bunches to extracting crude palm oil (CPO). The script explains how CPO is refined into edible oil through purification, bleaching, deodorization, and fractionation. It also highlights Indonesia's 2020 regulation requiring vitamin A fortification in packaged cooking oil to combat vitamin A deficiency.

Takeaways

📈 The recent news highlights a significant rise in cooking oil prices, impacting consumers due to its daily use.
🌱 Cooking oil can be derived from both animal and plant sources, with the script focusing on plant-based sources like palm oil.
🌴 The process of making palm oil involves sorting fresh fruit bunches (FFB) from palm plantations to ensure quality before processing.
🔍 Quality control is crucial as rotten fruits can increase free fatty acid values, affecting the final product's quality.
🌡️ Sterilization of FFB is done using steam to facilitate the separation of the fruit's mesocarp from the nut and to halt enzymatic processes that could degrade the oil quality.
🔨 The sterilized FFB then undergoes mechanical pressing to separate the mesocarp from the nut, with the nut being further processed or used as organic fertilizer.
🌟 The separated mesocarp is then processed to extract oil, which is done at high temperatures to separate the oil from the fiber and nut residue.
💧 Crude palm oil (CPO) is further refined through purification, bleaching, and deodorization to remove impurities, color, and odors.
🔬 The refining process includes fractionation to separate solid and liquid fractions, resulting in products like margarine and cooking oil.
🌐 In 2020, the Indonesian government mandated the fortification of packaged cooking oil with vitamin A to combat vitamin A deficiency in the population.

Q & A

What is the impact of the recent oil shortage on society?
-The recent oil shortage has a significant impact on society as oil is a daily necessity for cooking and food preparation. The drastic increase in oil prices affects the general public's daily consumption habits.
What are the two main sources of cooking oil?
-Cooking oil can be derived from either animal sources or plant sources. Plant-based oils are also known as vegetable oils.
What are some examples of vegetable oils?
-Examples of vegetable oils include palm oil, coconut oil, sunflower seed oil, peanut oil, almond oil, canola oil, and olive oil.
Why is the freshness of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) important in the oil processing industry?
-Freshness of FFB is crucial as it affects the quality of the oil produced. Overripe or rotten fruits can increase the free fatty acid value in the product, while unripe fruits can reduce the oil extraction rate.
What is the purpose of the sterilization process in palm oil production?
-The sterilization process uses steam heat to facilitate the loosening of the fruit's mesocarp from its shell and to halt enzymatic processes that could degrade the quality of the oil.
What happens to the empty fruit bunches (EFB) after the oil extraction process?
-Empty fruit bunches can be returned to the plantation as organic fertilizer or further processed to extract any remaining oil using an empty bench press.
How is the oil separated from the fruit's pulp and fiber in the oil extraction process?
-The oil is separated through a process called digestion, where the fruit's pulp is crushed to separate the fiber from the nuts and release oil cells. This is followed by an extraction process at nearly 100°C to separate the crude oil from the fiber and nut residue.
What is the role of the crude palm oil (CPO) in the refining process?
-CPO is the raw material that is sent to a refinery for further purification and fractionation to become edible cooking oil. This involves processes such as degumming, bleaching, deodorizing, and fractionation.
Why is the bleaching process important in the oil refining process?
-The bleaching process is crucial as it removes color-causing impurities, which results in a clearer and more appealing oil. Consumers generally prefer oils with a lighter color, even though darker oils are not necessarily inferior in quality.
What is the purpose of the deodorization process in oil refining?
-Deodorization removes odor-causing compounds such as free fatty acids through a high-temperature process, which helps to improve the oil's flavor and aroma.
How does the Indonesian government address vitamin A deficiency through its policies on cooking oil?
-The Indonesian government mandates that packaged cooking oil must be fortified with vitamin A to help reduce vitamin A deficiency in the population.

Outlines

00:00

🌳 Oil Palm Harvesting and Processing

This paragraph discusses the recent news of oil scarcity and the drastic increase in oil prices, which significantly impacts society due to the daily consumption of oil in various forms of food. It explains that oil can be derived from both animal and plant sources, with a focus on plant-based oils, specifically palm oil. The process of making palm oil from fresh oil palm fruit (TBS) is described, starting from sorting and grading the fruit to ensure quality, followed by sterilization to facilitate the separation of the fruit's flesh from the kernel and to halt enzymatic processes that could degrade the oil quality. The sterilized TBS is then pressed to separate the flesh from the kernel, with the separated flesh further processed to extract oil. The oil is then clarified and purified through various methods to remove impurities and water, resulting in crude palm oil (CPO).

05:03

🛢️ Refining Crude Palm Oil into Edible Oil

The second paragraph delves into the transformation of CPO into edible oil, which typically occurs in a refinery separate from the palm oil mill. The CPO is transported to the refinery where it undergoes a purification process that includes degumming to remove phospholipids and other impurities, followed by bleaching to remove color-causing agents, resulting in a clearer oil. The oil is then deodorized to eliminate off-flavors and odors at high temperatures, leaving behind a neutral-tasting oil. After these processes, the oil is fractionated into solid and liquid fractions, with the liquid fraction being the final product known as refined, bleached, and deodorized (RBD) palm oil. This oil is then packaged and marketed in various forms, such as pouches, bottles, or bulk, with some being fortified with vitamin A to combat vitamin A deficiency in the population. The paragraph concludes by inviting feedback and discussion on the topic.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Palm oil

Palm oil, derived from the fruit of oil palm trees, is a key ingredient in many food products due to its high oil yield and versatility. In the video, palm oil is highlighted as a significant commodity whose price fluctuations and scarcity can impact consumers significantly. The script discusses the various stages of palm oil production, from harvesting fresh fruit bunches to the final processed oil, emphasizing its importance in the food industry.

💡Sterilization

Sterilization in the context of palm oil processing refers to the use of steam heat to prepare the fruit bunches for further processing. This step is crucial as it facilitates the separation of the fruit's mesocarp (the fleshy part containing the oil) from the nut and halts enzymatic processes that could degrade oil quality. The script mentions that sterilization is done using steam from a boiler, which is a standard practice in palm oil mills to ensure the quality of the final product.

💡Threshing

Threshing is the process of separating the mesocarp from the palm fruit's nut. In the script, it is described as being done using a thresher machine where the fruit bunches are impacted to release the oil-bearing mesocarp. This is an essential step in the oil extraction process, as it prepares the mesocarp for further processing to extract the oil.

💡Digestion

Digestion in palm oil processing involves the use of heat and pressure to break down the cell structure of the mesocarp, allowing the oil to be more easily extracted. The script mentions that this step is done in a digester or press, where the mesocarp is cooked to release the oil cells. This process is critical as it maximizes the yield of oil from the fruit.

💡Clarification

Clarification is a purification step in the oil refining process where impurities such as water and sediments are separated from the crude oil. The script describes this process occurring in a clarification tank, which operates on the principle of density differences to separate oil from water and other contaminants. This step is essential for producing a clear, high-quality oil that is suitable for consumption.

💡Refining

Refining is a series of processes aimed at purifying the crude palm oil to meet certain quality standards. The script outlines steps such as degumming (removing phospholipids and other impurities), bleaching (removing color bodies), and deodorizing (removing off-flavors and odors). Refining is crucial for producing a stable, shelf-stable oil that is preferred by consumers and meets market requirements.

💡Fractionation

Fractionation is the process of separating different components of the oil based on their melting points. The script mentions that this is done in a crystallizer, where the oil is cooled to cause certain fractions to solidify and separate from the liquid oil. This process is important for producing specific oil products such as margarine and liquid cooking oil, each with distinct properties and uses.

💡Vitamin A fortification

Vitamin A fortification refers to the addition of vitamin A to食用油 to address vitamin A deficiencies in populations. The script highlights that the Indonesian government mandates the fortification of packaged cooking oil with vitamin A. This public health measure is aimed at improving nutrition and reducing the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency-related health issues.

💡Sustainability

While not explicitly mentioned in the script, sustainability is an underlying theme in discussions about palm oil production. It relates to the environmental, social, and economic impacts of palm oil cultivation and processing. The script's mention of organic fertilizer and the recycling of by-products like empty fruit bunches into biomass for energy suggests an awareness of sustainable practices within the industry.

💡Crude Palm Oil (CPO)

Crude Palm Oil, or CPO, is the raw form of palm oil that is obtained after the initial processing steps of extraction and clarification. The script describes CPO as the product that is sent from the palm oil mill to a refinery for further purification and processing. CPO is a critical intermediate product in the palm oil supply chain, and its quality affects the final refined oil's characteristics.

💡RBD Palm Oil

Refined, Bleached, and Deodorized (RBD) Palm Oil is the final product of the refining process. The script mentions this term in relation to the oil that has undergone all the purification steps, including the removal of impurities, color, and odors. RBD Palm Oil is the form in which palm oil is typically sold for consumption, either in pouches, bottles, or bulk containers.

Highlights

Recent news about the scarcity of cooking oil and a drastic increase in market prices.

The impact of cooking oil prices on society due to daily consumption in various foods.

Cooking oil can be derived from animal or plant sources, with plant-based oils known as vegetable oils.

Vegetable oils come from a variety of plant sources such as palm, coconut, sunflower, peanut, almond, canola, olive, and more.

This discussion focuses solely on the production of cooking oil from palm oil.

Fresh palm fruit bunches (TBS) are sorted or graded before processing in the factory.

Processing is done to assess the quality of the fruit and to improve the quality of the final product.

Rotten fruit can increase the free fatty acid value in the product, while empty fruit bunches can reduce the oil extraction rate.

Only ripe fruit is good for processing.

TBS palm fruit is sterilized using hot steam to facilitate the threshing process and stop enzymatic reactions that can degrade product quality.

Threshing is done to separate the fruit's flesh from the bunch.

Empty fruit bunches can be returned to the plantation as organic fertilizer or further pressed to extract any remaining oil.

The separated fruit flesh is then fed into a digester to separate the oil cells from the fiber and release the oil.

The crude oil is extracted at temperatures close to 100°C, and the oil is then separated from the fiber and nut residue.

The palm nut is further processed into kernel and shell, with the shell used as fuel for the steam boiler and the kernel for further oil extraction.

The crude palm oil (CPO) is then sent to a refinery for further purification and fractionation.

The refining process involves degumming to remove impurities, bleaching to lighten the color, and deodorization to remove odors.

After refining, the oil undergoes fractionation to separate solid and liquid fractions, resulting in products like margarine and cooking oil.

In 2020, the Indonesian government mandated the fortification of packaged cooking oil with vitamin A to combat vitamin A deficiency.

The final product can be marketed in various packaging forms such as pouches, bottles, or bulk.