STS Lesson #2 with MUKBANG: Early Human History

Summary

This educational video script delves into early human history, highlighting the development of technology from the prehistoric age. It discusses the challenges of studying prehistory due to the scarcity of written records and artifacts. The script covers significant discoveries related to human origins, including early hominids like 'Lucy' and later species like Homo habilis and Homo erectus. It also explores the transition from the Paleolithic to the Neolithic era, detailing advancements in tool use, the advent of agriculture, and the domestication of animals. The script concludes with the onset of the Bronze Age, setting the stage for further discussions on human technological progress.

Takeaways

• 🌍 The script discusses early human history and the development of technology during the prehistoric age.
• 🕵️‍♂️ Studying prehistory is challenging due to the scarcity of written records, limited artifacts, and the need for archaeological methods to interpret findings.
• 🦴 Early hominids, like those discovered by Mary Leakey and Donald Johanson, provided evidence of human-like beings that walked upright.
• 👣 Later hominids left footprints and developed stone tools, indicating a more advanced stage in human evolution.
• 🧠 Homo erectus, known as 'upright man,' had larger brains and were the first to control fire, marking a significant leap in human capabilities.
• 🌐 Homo sapiens, or 'wise man,' emerged with even larger brains and more sophisticated tools, eventually developing language.
• ❄️ During the Ice Age, migration out of Africa occurred via land bridges, leading to the spread of different human groups like Neanderthals and Cro-Magnons.
• 🛠️ The Paleolithic era marked the beginning of technology with the use of stone tools, followed by the use of wood and bones.
• 🌾 The Neolithic era introduced agriculture, which led to the domestication of plants and animals, and the formation of early settlements.
• 🏺 The development of agriculture changed society, leading to the rise of farming societies, increased trade, and the emergence of complex societies with religion and warfare.
• 🏰 The script concludes with a mention of the Bronze Age, hinting at further discussions on the progression of human technology and society.

Q & A

What are the three main difficulties in studying prehistoric information?

The three main difficulties in studying prehistoric information are: 1) Much of human history remains a mystery because writing has only existed for about five thousand years. 2) There is a scarcity of artifacts from these early cultures. 3) Archaeologists face challenges in dating and analyzing found objects at dig sites.

What is the significance of the discovery of early hominids in East Africa in 1959?

The discovery in 1959 in East Africa, by Mary Leakey, of skull fragments of a hominid that walked upright marked a significant step in understanding human evolution.

Who discovered 'Lucy' and in which year?

Donald Johanson discovered 'Lucy', a four-foot-tall hominid that lived 4.5 million years ago, in Ethiopia in 1974.

What are the characteristics of Homo habilis, also known as 'Handyman'?

Homo habilis, or 'Handyman', had human-like features and was known for making and using crude stone tools.

When did Homo erectus exist and what were their notable traits?

Homo erectus existed between 1.5 to 2 million years ago in Africa. They had larger brains, were more skillful hunters, and were the first hominids to control fire.

What is the term for the first modern humans and when did they exist?

The first modern humans are called Homo sapiens, or 'the wise man', and they existed around 200,000 years ago.

How did the Ice Age affect human migration?

During the Ice Age, which began 1.6 million years ago, changes in climate and the existence of land bridges like Beringia led to the migration of Homo erectus and later Homo sapiens out of Africa.

What were the main technological developments during the Paleolithic era?

During the Paleolithic era, the first tools were developed using stones, later progressing to the use of wood and bones. They also used nets and traps for fishing, and their clothing and shelters were made from animal skins, wood, bones, and stones.

What is the major development that occurred during the Neolithic era?

The major development during the Neolithic era was the development of agriculture, which led to the domestication of plants and animals, and the establishment of settlements and societies.

How did the development of agriculture change society during the Neolithic era?

The development of agriculture in the Neolithic era led to the growth of food sources, the establishment of farming societies, the creation of small settlements, villages, and towns, and an increase in trade, making societies more complex with the emergence of religion and warfare.

What is the significance of the discovery of copper, bronze, and tin in the progression of human technology?

The discovery of copper, bronze, and tin marked the end of the Stone Age and the beginning of the Bronze Age, which introduced new tools and methods, including the use of metals for creating items and tools.

Outlines

00:00

🌱 Early Human History and Technological Development

The video script begins with an introduction to early human history, focusing on the prehistoric age. It discusses the challenges of studying prehistory due to the scarcity of written records, the limited number of artifacts, and the difficulty in dating and analyzing findings. The script then delves into significant discoveries related to human origins, starting with early hominids like the 1959 discovery by Mary Leakey and the 1974 discovery of 'Lucy' by Donald Johanson. It continues with the evolution of later hominids, including Homo habilis, known as the 'handyman' for its use of stone tools, and Homo erectus, characterized by larger brains and the ability to control fire. The discussion concludes with the emergence of Homo sapiens, who developed more sophisticated tools, language, and the ability to create fire, marking a significant leap in human evolution.

05:01

🌍 Migration and the Dawn of the Stone Age

This section of the script explores the migration of early humans during the ice age, which began around 1.6 million years ago. It describes how Homo erectus was the first to migrate, followed by Homo sapiens around 100,000 years ago. Two groups of Homo sapiens, the Neanderthals and the Cro-Magnons, are highlighted. The script then transitions into the Stone Age, detailing the Paleolithic era where the first tools were developed, primarily using stones, and later woods and bones. It discusses the use of nets and traps for fishing, clothing made from animal skins, and shelters constructed from natural materials. The script also touches on the Neolithic era, where humans began to polish stones for more advanced tools, marking a significant advancement in technology and the beginning of agriculture.

10:08

🌾 The Neolithic Revolution and the Shift to Agriculture

The final paragraph delves into the Neolithic era's agricultural revolution, where people began to farm and domesticate animals, leading to a new food source. It discusses how the development of agriculture changed society, with people transitioning from a nomadic lifestyle to settling in villages and towns. The script mentions the cultivation of different crops in various regions, such as rice in Asia, corn in Mexico, and potatoes in South America. It also highlights the emergence of new technologies, including the use of grindstones, vessels, and the discovery of metals like copper, bronze, and tin, which marked the end of the Stone Age and the beginning of the Bronze Age. The video concludes by stating that the discussion for the day covers early human life up to the development of agriculture, with the Bronze Age to be explored in future discussions.

Keywords

💡Prehistoric Age

The Prehistoric Age refers to the time before written records, encompassing the early development of human civilization. In the video, it sets the stage for discussing early human history and the evolution of technology. The script mentions that the study of this era is challenging due to the scarcity of written evidence and the reliance on artifacts and archaeological findings.

💡Artifacts

Artifacts are objects made by humans that provide insight into past cultures and societies. The script discusses how anthropologists study these objects to understand prehistoric cultures. Artifacts are crucial for piecing together the narrative of early human life, as they are tangible remnants of past human activity.

💡Homo Sapiens

Homo Sapiens, or 'wise man,' refers to the modern human species. The video mentions that Homo Sapiens existed around 200,000 years ago, characterized by a larger brain and the use of more sophisticated tools compared to their predecessors. This concept is central to the video's exploration of human evolution and the development of complex cognitive abilities.

💡Homo Erectus

Homo Erectus, or 'upright man,' is an early human species that existed between 1.5 to 2 million years ago. The video highlights their larger brains and more skillful hunting abilities, including the first known control of fire. This species represents a significant step in human evolution, as it marks the beginning of behaviors that would later define Homo Sapiens.

💡Paleolithic Era

The Paleolithic Era, also known as the Old Stone Age, is the earliest period of the Stone Age. The video describes the development of the first tools during this time, primarily made of stone, and the use of animal skins for clothing and shelters. This era is significant for understanding the early stages of human technological advancement.

💡Neolithic Era

The Neolithic Era, or New Stone Age, is characterized by advancements in agriculture and the domestication of animals. The video explains how this era led to the development of more polished stone tools and the establishment of permanent settlements. The shift from a nomadic lifestyle to farming and animal husbandry is a major theme in the video, illustrating a pivotal change in human society.

💡Agriculture

Agriculture is the practice of cultivating plants and animals for food, fiber, and other products. The video emphasizes the development of agriculture during the Neolithic Era, which led to new food sources and a change in human lifestyle. The script mentions how different regions developed their own crops, such as rice in Asia and corn in Mexico, indicating the spread of agricultural knowledge and practices.

💡Domestication

Domestication refers to the process of selectively breeding animals for human use. In the video, it is mentioned as a key development during the Neolithic Era, where animals were carefully selected and bred. This concept is important for understanding how humans began to control their food sources and the subsequent impact on society and culture.

💡Bronze Age

The Bronze Age is a period characterized by the use of bronze, an alloy of copper and tin. The video briefly mentions the Bronze Age as a transition from the Stone Age, marking a significant advancement in metallurgy. The script indicates that this period began around 3000 BC in some areas, suggesting a further evolution in human technology and craftsmanship.

💡Migration

Migration in the context of the video refers to the movement of early human species from Africa to other parts of the world. The script discusses how Homo Erectus and later Homo Sapiens migrated during the Ice Age, crossing land bridges and adapting to new environments. This concept is crucial for understanding the geographical spread of early human populations and the development of diverse cultures.

Highlights

Discussion on early human history and the development of technology during the prehistoric age.

Modern humans spread from Africa and developed ways to adapt to different environments.

Three main difficulties in studying prehistoric information: limited written records, scarcity of artifacts, and challenges in dating and analyzing found objects.

Discovery of early hominids in East Africa in 1959 by Mary Leakey.

Famous 'Lucy' hominid find in Ethiopia in 1974 by Donald Johanson, lived 45 million years ago.

Footprints of advanced hominids found in Tanzania in 1960, dating back 3 to 5 million years.

Introduction of Homo habilis, the 'handyman', capable of making and using stone tools.

Homo erectus, the 'upright man', existed 1.5 to 2 million years ago, with larger brains and the ability to control fire.

Homo sapiens, the 'wise man', emerged 200,000 years ago with more sophisticated tools and language.

Migration of early humans during the ice age, with Homo erectus and Homo sapiens moving out of Africa.

The Neanderthals and Cro-Magnons, two groups of Homo sapiens that migrated and diversified.

Beginning of the Stone Age with the development of the first tools made of stone, wood, and bone.

Transition to the Neolithic era marked by polished stone tools, the advent of agriculture, and domestication of animals.

Agriculture led to the growth of settlements, increased trade, and more complex societies with religion and warfare.

The Bronze Age, which followed the Stone Age, began around 3000 BC with the discovery and use of copper, bronze, and tin.

The lesson concludes with a focus on early human life up to the development of agriculture, with the Bronze Age to be discussed in future sessions.

Transcripts

[Music]

good afternoon class good afternoon to

all of you

so today um

right here is your teacher in pogi uh

discussing

the your topic and sts while we are

doing mukbang

so let's start let's start with our

discussion so for today's discussion

nothing he discussed to you is the early

human history

so early development of of technology

a prehistoric age as a prehistoric age

so first we will discuss

we'll discuss the beginning of the

civilization and we need to start with

the

with the trace or evidences of early

human life evidence suggests that modern

humans spread from

africa to lands to other lands and

gradually develop

ways to adapt to different environments

but

before we go on with our discussion we

need to first

know or to first determine the

difficulties of

recording pre-history information

so why is it difficult to study the

prehistoric information so on first

after

actually three things three three

reasons going back and

actually madami reasons but there are

three particular reasons

a discussion prehistory first one is

much of the human's story remains a

mystery

because writing has only existed for

about

only about five thousand years ago so we

are talking about

uh we are talking a thousand or million

years

when we talk about the prehistory or

stone age era

so because of that that very reason

secondly anthropologists study culture

by examining artifacts that people

in the past made were used so there is a

scarcity of

scarcity of of of artifacts of

or these cultures so it's very hard

information about this and thirdly

archaeologists dig sites where people

have left races

and use a variety of metal methods to

date

and analyze uh found objects so

so um to

to continue our discussion um there are

actually discoveries related to human

origins

now kaila nothing he discussed in this

uh in this subject

so um in discussions for the discoveries

related to human origins

will be um divided into four

short short short concepts so young

first is the early hominids

so in early hominids the discovery

started in 1959 in east africa when mary

leaky

finds skull fragments of hominid or

human-like being that

walked upright so

discovery is in 1974 so in ethiopia

donald johansson finds uh lucy so the

famous lucy

a four foot tall hominid that lived 45

million years ago

so secondly in in later hominids

in 1960 in tanzania

so there were footprints found relating

to

the advanced hominids about three to

five billion years ago

so it is only in this year that they

found the advanced human needs

so and later on they found the

homo habilis homo abilis are the

handyman

they called it the handyman that had a

human-like features as well as

made and used crude stone tools

so the third part of the discovery

related

relating to human origins is the

homo erectus so homo erectus or the

upright man

and into 1.5 to

2 million years ago in africa they

existed

so they have larger brains

i mean um imagine this as the brain so

it has larger brains and more

skillful hunter so they are

they are the first hominid to control

fire so they are the first

in cooking and later on

in modern in modern humans this is

called homo sapiens or the wise man

they existed 200 years ago 200 000 years

ago

so they have larger brain and more

sophisticated

they use more more sophisticated tools

than the homo erectus

so they learned to create fire and then

they first developed

their own languages

[Music]

[Music]

pork chop so pork chop slowly cooked in

fire

so try not then reina

spread around the world so

don is during the ice age or the ice age

period

so it began 1.6 million years ago

and then asia and north america were

joined by

bearing straight so because of this

because of the changes in climate sonar

migration

started moving out of africa primarily

through the land bridges

during the cold cycles so yuma homo

erectus

was first dominated to migrate

followed by the homo sapiens around 100

000 years ago

and the two groups of homo sapiens that

migrated are the neanderthals

neanderthals and the cro-magnons

let's try this anodis

let's try this opposite also grilled in

fire

[Music]

panel

so that um started the life in the stone

age

the first period of this stone age is

called the paleolithic era

during the paleolithic era young

technology was first

developed the first tool developed in

in paleolithic era is the use

use of stones so the use of those stones

then later on they use

woods and bones from the the from the

animals they hunted

sacking

all right they also use nets and traps

for fish

for fishing and their

their clothing is made of animal

skins and their shelters are are from

woods uh bones and stones

okay so asu not on when

after the paleolithic era so there comes

another

uh era so the new stone age era

which is called as the neolithic era

so what happened to this human

advancement in terms of technology

neolithic so immunity they polish stones

to make points

um so the stones now have points they

use it as spears

and they use it as as as cutting but as

cutting

tools for their cooking for for for

everything they

they do in their daily activity in

neolithic era

one major

thing that happened here is the

development of agriculture

so in this era in this period people are

more on agriculture they they planted uh

root crops they planted

plants for for their own living so

tulane

[Music]

uh the development of agriculture

in this period they have now the new

food source

because of the plants people learn to

farm and they

also learn the most domesticating

animals so the animals are carefully

selected

and breeded so and then the growth of

agriculture there are available

plants uh domesticated animals that

spread to the to

uh the world to each region so

asia have rice then africa have candles

then mexico has corn and south america

has potatoes so you see in this in this

era that they

develop their own way of living by

planting more

plants so this agriculture

actually changes the society so you'll

agriculture drama

dramatically change from stone age

which they only use stones to hunt and

now they grow more food

so some people began to live as nomadic

pastoralists

so they are not just no uh nomads they

are now

nomadic pastoralists and other gave up

the nomadic lifestyle and corpse

settlements

so in this period narende early farming

societies

they they develop small settlements

villages and towns

increased in in trade and societies

became more complex

really they have religion and warfare so

uh in then after the the early

development of these technologies

it had the new technologies uh arose so

now in the new technologies new tools

and methods

um they develop new tools and methods so

animals are already working in fields so

grindstones

uh vessels battery they also have

wools from ships they used it for yarns

and spinning and weaving and then

uh this is the first uh in this in this

period

is the um the discovery of the copper

bronze and tin

so as people began to make items from

both bronze

so stone age gave way to the bronze age

which began in early as 3000 bc in some

areas

so our discussion actually for today

only covers

the early human life until the

development of agriculture

so bronze age is another

story that we need to tackle in the next

few discussions

so i hope that you enjoyed the lesson

i hope that you learned something today

i hope you are

again now bye-bye thank you