KONSEP MENGHITUNG TOTAL PADATAN (TS), TOTAL PADATAN TERSUSPENSI (TSS), TOTAL PADATAN TERLARUT (TDS)

Summary

In this tutorial, the presenter explains the concepts of total suspended solids (TSS) and total dissolved solids (TDS) in water, particularly in wastewater. The video covers the basics of suspended and dissolved particles, the methods to measure them, and the importance of understanding their differences. The presenter also discusses the process of coagulation and flocculation for separating suspended particles and the procedures for calculating TSS and TDS through filtration and drying techniques. This detailed explanation is aimed at helping viewers understand how to analyze and quantify solids in liquid samples.

Takeaways

• 🔍 The video tutorial explains the concepts of total suspended solids (TSS) and total dissolved solids (TDS) in a solution.
• 🌊 Suspended solids are fine particles that remain floating in the solution due to their small size and light weight, preventing them from settling.
• 💧 Dissolved solids, like NaCl, dissolve completely in the solution, making it difficult to measure their quantity directly.
• 📏 TSS refers to the amount of suspended solids in a solution, while TDS refers to the amount of dissolved solids.
• 📊 Total solids (TS) is the sum of TSS and TDS, representing all solid content in the solution.
• 🔬 The process of separating suspended solids involves using a filter paper to capture particles, followed by oven drying to measure the remaining mass.
• 📉 The video describes a practical method to calculate TSS and TDS by filtering, drying, and weighing the solid residues.
• ⚖️ The weight of the total solids can be calculated by measuring the mass before and after filtration and drying, and subtracting the weight of the empty container.
• 🧪 The video also covers the process of coagulation and flocculation, where small particles are combined to form larger, heavier particles that can settle.
• 📐 The tutorial emphasizes the importance of understanding and applying the correct formulas to calculate TSS, TDS, and TS in laboratory settings.

Q & A

What are the two main types of solids present in a solution according to the script?

The two main types of solids present in a solution are suspended solids and dissolved solids. Suspended solids are small particles that remain floating in the liquid, while dissolved solids are substances that have completely dissolved in the liquid.

Why do suspended solids not settle at the bottom of a solution?

Suspended solids do not settle at the bottom of a solution because they are extremely small and light. The forces acting on them, such as gravitational pull, buoyant force, and inter-particle forces, are balanced, causing them to remain suspended in the solution.

What is the purpose of adding a coagulant to a solution containing suspended solids?

A coagulant is added to a solution containing suspended solids to destabilize the particles. This causes them to clump together, forming larger, heavier particles that can then settle at the bottom of the solution, making it easier to separate them.

How is Total Suspended Solids (TSS) measured in a laboratory setting?

Total Suspended Solids (TSS) is measured by filtering the solution through a filter paper to capture the suspended particles. The filter paper is then dried, and the increase in mass (after accounting for the filter paper's weight) represents the TSS.

What is the method used to measure Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) in a solution?

To measure Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), the filtered solution (containing dissolved solids) is placed in an oven at 105°C to evaporate the water. The remaining solid residue is weighed to determine the TDS.

What is the formula used to calculate TSS from laboratory data?

The formula to calculate TSS is: TSS (mg/L) = [(Weight of the filter paper with residue) - (Weight of the empty filter paper)] / Volume of the sample (L) * 1000.

What is the importance of the oven temperature being set to 105°C during the TDS measurement?

The oven temperature is set to 105°C during the TDS measurement to ensure that all water evaporates, leaving only the dissolved solids behind. This precise temperature ensures accurate measurement of the solid content.

How can the Total Solids (TS) in a solution be calculated?

Total Solids (TS) can be calculated by summing the Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and the Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). This provides the complete solid content of the solution.

What happens to the particles during the flocculation process?

During the flocculation process, the destabilized particles begin to collide and stick together, forming larger aggregates called flocs. These flocs are heavier and eventually settle at the bottom of the solution.

Why is it necessary to know both TSS and TDS when analyzing water quality?

Knowing both TSS and TDS is essential for understanding the complete solid content of water. TSS provides information about particles that can cause turbidity, while TDS indicates the concentration of dissolved minerals and salts, both of which are critical for assessing water quality.